1. Acute And Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Spontaneous Abortion - March 15, Pregnancy is usually considered a special time in a woman's life of Mental disorders, 4th ed. ( DSMIV), acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000315/1689.html

Advanced Search Acute and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Spontaneous Abortion STEPHEN V. BOWLES, MAJ, MS, USA United States Army Soldier Support Institute, Fort Jackson, South Carolina LARRY C. JAMES, LTC, MS, USA Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. DIANE S. SOLURSH, PH.D. Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia MICHAEL K. YANCEY, LTC, MC, USA Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii TED D. EPPERLY, COL, MC, USA Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia RAYMOND A. FOLEN, PH.D., and MARYANN MASONE, CPT, MC, USA Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii P regnancy is usually considered a special time in a woman's life. Hopes for the future, a sense of fulfillment as a woman, early bonding to the unborn child, and the expectations of one's partner and family, are factors that contribute to a complex emotional response to pregnancy. The meaning attached to a pregnancy may assume extraordinary importance for a woman. Besides validating femininity, having a child may be seen as the only way to save a marriage, to please a parent, to make amends for previous "sins" (such as an earlier induced abortion) or even to "replace" a child who has died. A couple struggling with infertility may have an even greater emotional (as well as financial) investment in a pregnancy. Thus, a spontaneous abortion can be extremely stressful for the mother, father, family, physician and others in the social support system.

2. A Narrative Constructivist Perspective Of Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Stress Dis A NARRATIVE CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVE OF. TREATMENT OF posttraumatic stress disorders WITH ERICKSONIAN HYPNOSIS AND EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REPROCESSING. Rosemarie Amendolia, Ph.D. Abstract Figley (ed.), Brunner/Mazel, New York. Lankton, S. Zeig, J. ( eds). (1988). Ericksonian monographs; special treatment http://www.aaets.org/arts/art32.htm

A NARRATIVE CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVE OF TREATMENT OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS WITH ERICKSONIAN HYPNOSIS AND EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REPROCESSING Rosemarie Amendolia, Ph.D. Abstract In a trauma survivor, physiological responses are exacerbated when the affect-laden memories stored in associative networks are triggered by environmental sensory inputs or cues and activate the autonomic nervous system. Recovery from trauma involves not only amelioration of physiological and dissociative symptoms, but also the cognitive rebuilding of a viable assumptive world view which integrates the realms of vulnerability, meaning and self-esteem. This world view is contextualized in cultural idioms and values. From an Ericksonian perspective, persons are usually attempting to problem-solve, even in a dissociative date. A symptom such as an intrusive recollection or recurrent dream of a traumatic event is therefore construed as a request for help in problem-solving. Hypnosis is a structured dissociation which facilitates cognitive flexibility; that is, the broadening of choices of the client' s belief system, rather than direct work on changing affect or behaviors. The goal of Ericksonian hypnosis is to recontextualize the traumatic memory, the affect of fear, and the physiological hyperarousal cued by the traumatic memory. This occurs within a broader context of pride, mastery and courage, and within a context inclusive of other memories and affects, which are positive for the client.

3. Home Troy Schools Home Programs Related Services Faculty ECSE. early childhood special education. ed. emotionally disturbed; emotional disorders. GSE. generic special education. PTSD. posttraumatic stress disorder. R. http://www.troy.k12.ny.us/faculty/sped/PPS/acronyms.htm

Home Troy Schools Home Programs Related Services ... W A ADA Americans with Disabilities Act ADD attention deficit disorder ADHD attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder ADL activities of daily living AEP alternative education placement AG annual goal APE adaptive physical education ASL American Sign Language AT assistive technology AU autistic AUT autism B BEP behavioral education plan BI brain injury BIL bilingual BIP behavior intervention plan BMP behavior management plan BOCES Board of Comprehensive Education Services (New York State); now QUESTAR III C CA chronological age CAI computer-assisted instruction CD conduct disorder CNS central nervous system COTA certified occupational therapist assistant CP cerebral palsy CPSE committee on preschool special education CSA childhood sexual abuse CSE committee on special education CSS community support service D diagnosis and evaluation DAP developmentally appropriate practices DARTS day and residential treatment services D deaf DD developmental disabilities; developmentally delayed DI direct instruction E EBD emotional and behavioral disorders ECSE early childhood special education ED emotionally disturbed; emotional disorders

4. Pathological Conditions, Signs And Symptoms Near Drowning Merck Manual/Home ed. Hormone Replacement Therapy , special edition - NY Times. See also under stress disorders, post-traumatic links. http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/C23.html

search search staff sitemap ABOUT KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ... print this page Diseases and Disorders Links pertaining to Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Alert! Patients and laypersons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional health care provider. Start Page Contents: Abscess Altitude Sickness Anoxia Ascites ... XYY Karyotype Facial Asymmetry About Hemifacial Microsomia - World Craniofacial Foundation (US) A Guide to Understanding Hemifacial Microsomia , and about Microtia - CCAkids.com Fistula About Anal Abscess and Fistula Practice Parameters for Treatment of Fistula-in-Ano About Perilymph fistula [TC Hain] Perilymph fistula [JR Logan] - eMedicine About Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair - ADAM, via MedlinePlus Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Am Acad Family Physicians Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula - ADAM, via MedlinePlus On (Vesicovaginal) Fistula Repair - Worldwide Fund for Mothers Injured in Childbirth Hernia Nat'l Ambulatory Hernia Institute, Inc.

5. PTSD Resource Center // National Center For Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Achté, Kalle; Henriksson, Markus; Ponteva, Matti; Hietanen, Seppo; Hares, Juhani (ed.). Traumatic stress psychology and psychopathology proceedings of the WPA Section Symposium on the Andrews, Henry (ed.). Traumatic stress responses post traumatic stress disorders and critical incident stress L. Post traumatic stress disorder with special attention to http://www.ncptsd.org/treatment/resource_center/Catalog_AF.html

Home Topics Facts Publications CQ PILOTS RQ Assessment DMH Manual Reading PTSD Resource Center The Unending Trauma Clinician's Guide to PTSD Books Catalog Recent Acquisitions Documents Video Assessment About NCPTSD Most Popular Pages: PTSD Resource Center Resource Center Book Catalog, March 1998 (A-F) Traumatic stress - psychology and psychopathology: proceedings of the WPA Section Symposium on the Psychopathology of Traumatic Stress [Helsinki, Finland, 1991 August 8-9] Helsinki: Foundation for Psychiatric Research in Finland, 1992 (Psychiatria Fennica, vol. 1992 Supplementum). 184 pp. ISBN 951-96120-8-4. [TC 082] Advanced Resource Technologies, Inc. Marketing matters: building an effective communications program [Washington]: NCPTSD on Child Abuse and Neglect, n.d. 117 pp. [JB 022] Agger, Inger The blue room: trauma and testimony among refugee women, a psycho-social exploration London: Zed Books, 1994 138 pp. ISBN 1-85649-240-0. A translation (by Mary Bille) of "Det blå værelse" (Copenhagen: Hans Reitzels Forlag, 1992). [ES 066] Trauma and healing under state terrorism London: Zed Books, 1996

6. Books Received, June 1999 // National Center For Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Discusses the special and unique features J, Douglas (ed.). Posttraumatic stress Disorder A William (ed.). posttraumatic stress disorders Concepts and http://www.ncptsd.org/publications/resource_center/Books_Received_9906.html

Home Topics Facts Publications CQ PILOTS RQ Assessment DMH Manual Reading PTSD Resource Center The Unending Trauma Clinician's Guide to PTSD Books Catalog Recent Acquisitions Documents Video Assessment About NCPTSD Most Popular Pages: Books Received, June 1999 Please note that this list presents annotations rather than reviews. It is intended to notify readers of recent publications of potential interest, not to evaluate or recommend specific titles. The annotations are often quoted or adapted from prefatory material in the book itself, or from information provided by the publisher. Bratton, Mary From Surviving to Thriving: A Therapist's Guide to Stage II Recovery for Survivors of Childhood Abuse Binghamton, New York: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press, 1999 282 pp., ISBN: 0-7890-0256-6 $24.95 paper Courtois, Christine A. Recollections of Sexual Abuse: Treatment Principles and Guidelines New York: Norton, 1999 xix, 436 pp., ISBN: 0-393-70281-2 $45.00 hardcover This book seeks to provide practicing clinicians with information about the false memory debate and to provide principles and guidelines for working with issues of recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. Figley, Charles R. (ed.)

7. Wiley-VCH - Books | Special Offers | DSM-IV-TR Mental Disorders | Related Books Davey, Graham CL (ed.) Phobias A Handbook of Theory, Research and Treatment ISBN 0471-49220-5 Yule, William (ed.) post-traumatic stress disorders Concepts and http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/en/books/specialOffer/0-470-86089-8/relatedBooks

8. American Family Physician: Acute And Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Sponta Pregnancy is usually considered a special time in a woman's life of Mental disorders, 4th ed. ( DSMIV), acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m3225/6_61/61432832/p1/article.jhtml?term=abort

9. Tasha's List Of Links -- Diseases And Disorders parenting, teaching, life, special ed, advocates, research National Center for posttraumatic stress Disorder This site and Allied disorders Information on the http://www.ripon.k12.wi.us/tasha/DISEA.HTML

DISEASES AND DISORDERS Look through the General Resources or scroll down for information on specific diseases and disorders which are listed in alphabetical order. GENERAL RESOURCES HealingWell This site offers an online guide to diseases, disorders and chronic illness. It also has a collection of new articles, message boards and an online library. MEDLINEplus Health information from the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health. Reports from the Center for Disease Control, including information on research projects. Part of the National Institutes of Health, this site offers information on health, specific diseases, research and clinical trials. National Organization for Rare Disorders Organization working for the identification, treatment and cure of rare diseases and disorders. The site houses several databases, one on rare diseases, one on orphan drugs and one on organizations dedicated to specific rare diseases and disorders. SPECIFIC DISEASES AND DISORDERS AIDS AND HIV AIDS Clinical Trials Information Service (ACTIS) This site offers information on clinical trials being conducted. It also offers access to a database of clinical trials and vaccine information.

10. Professional Page anxiety disorder, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder ), as Mood disorders (Web Site to other links). US DOE Office of special ed. http://webhost.bridgew.edu/rmacmillan/linksp~4.htm

Special Education Scroll down for the following sites: general interest Special Education Educational Associations, Government Agencies, state and local school sites in Massachusetts Pennsylvania and California, sites specific to School Administration Inclusion, Early Childhood Education Learning Disabilities Attention Deficit (with Hyperactivity) Disorder Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (you may wish to go to E/BD " issues and definitions and Eating Disorders. General Special Education Resources on the Internet The Big Page of Special Education Links Case Manager Resource Guide (online directory of healthcare information) Disability Now (comprehensive site for UK resources) EducationWorld Marc's Special Education Northwest Regional Education Laboratory (comprehensive site, k-12 and special education) Planet K-12 Unicorn Children's Foundation Special Needs Education (Canada) Special Olympics Massachusetts Special Olympics TeacherZone Special Needs Opportunity Windows (professional development) Heritage OnLine K-12 Special Education Resources (site not available) An Inclusive Special Education Resource (site not available) Associations American Psychological Association Center for Adolescent Studies Council for Exceptional Children National Association for the Education of Young Children ... National Coalition for Parent Involvement in Education in Washington (site not available)

11. Compare Prices And Read Reviews On Education Special Education / Learning Disabl Disabilities, Attention Deficit disorders, or special to Advocate for Your special ed Child Siegel Supporting Children With posttraumatic stress Disorder A http://www.epinions.com/Books-Education-subcategory-Special_Education_and_Learni

12. Northwest Suburban Special Ed. Org. V. IC, No. 1-99-1956WC depressive disorder secondary to a posttraumatic stress disorder with for by definition, such disorders are always any duties as a special education teacher. http://www.state.il.us/court/Opinions/IndCommn/2000/1stDistrict/February/HTML/19

Northwest Suburban Special Ed. Org. v. IC, No. 1-99-1956WC 1st District, February 29, 2000 Industrial Commission Division NORTHWEST SUBURBAN SPECIAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATION, Appellant, v. THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION, et al. (James Taylor, Appellee.) Appeal from Circuit Court Cook County No. 98L50663 Honorable John A. Ward, Judge Presiding. JUSTICE RARICK delivered the opinion of the court: Claimant, James Taylor, sought benefits pursuant to the Workers' Compensation Act (Act) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 48, par. 138.1 et seq) for his condition of ill-being allegedly stemming from an incident that occurred on February 22, 1991, while in the employ of Northwest Suburban Special Education Organization, employer. The arbitrator determined claimant sustained accidental injuries arising out of and in the course of his employment and awarded claimant 212 3/7 weeks of temporary total disability benefits as well as wage differential benefits under section 8(d)(1) of the Act for the duration of his disability. On review, the Industrial Commission (Commission), with one dissent, affirmed the decision of the arbitrator, and the circuit court of Cook County confirmed the decision of the Commission. Employer appeals contending the decision awarding claimant benefits is against the manifest weight of the evidence and contrary to law.

13. American Family Physician: Acute And Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Sponta Pregnancy is usually considered a special time in a Acute stress Disorder and posttraumatic stress Disorder. and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, 4th ed http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m3225/6_61/61432832/p1/article.jhtml

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN all publications this publication Health Automotive Business Computing Entertainment Health News Reference Sports YOU ARE HERE Articles American Family Physician March 15, 2000 Content provided in partnership with Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals Acute and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Spontaneous Abortion American Family Physician March 15, 2000 by Stephen V. Bowles Larry C. James Diane S. Solursh Michael K. Yancey ... Maryann Masone Pregnancy is usually considered a special time in a woman's life. Hopes for the future, a sense of fulfillment as a woman, early bonding to the unborn child,(1) and the expectations of one's partner and family, are factors that contribute to a complex emotional response to pregnancy. The meaning attached to a pregnancy may assume extraordinary importance for a woman. Besides validating femininity, having a child may be seen as the only way to save a marriage, to please a parent, to make amends for previous "sins" (such as an earlier induced abortion) or even to "replace" a child who has died. A couple struggling with infertility may have an even greater emotional (as well as financial) investment in a pregnancy. Thus, a spontaneous abortion can be extremely stressful for the mother, father, family, physician and others in the social support system. Spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage, is the naturally occurring "delivery or loss of the products of conception before the 20th week of pregnancy . . . without induction or instrumentation."(2) Spontaneous abortion occurs in 12 to 24 percent of pregnancies,(3,4) leading to an estimated 600,000 to 800,000 spontaneous abortions annually in the United States.(5) Although only sparse scientific literature is available on conditions related to fetal loss, such as depression, anxiety and prolonged grief, clinicians6-9 report that, for some women, a miscarriage can be a traumatizing event. Some authors have called for greater attention to the evaluation and treatment of psychologic sequelae after spontaneous abortion.(10,11)

14. CMRIS Quick Facts posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an for treating several of the anxiety disorders. in diaphragmatic breathing, a special breathing exercise http://psychiatry.mc.duke.edu/CMRIS/ED/PTSD.htm

CMRIS Educational Index Patient Resources Print Brochure PSTD Defined Facts Treatment Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) I was raped when I was 25 years old. For a long time, I spoke about the rape on an intellectual level, as though it was something that happened to someone else. I was very aware that it had happened to me, but there just was no feeling. I kind of skidded along for a while. "I started having flashbacks. They kind of came over me like a splash of water. I would be terrified. Suddenly I was reliving the rape. Every instant was startling. I felt like my entire head was moving a bit, shaking, but that wasn't so at all. I would get very flushed or a very dry mouth and my breathing changed. I was held in suspension. I wasn't aware of the cushion on the chair that I was sitting in or that my arm was touching a piece of furniture. I was in a bubble, just kind of floating. And it was scary. Having a flashback can wring you out. You're really shaken. "The rape happened the week before Christmas, and I feel like a werewolf around the anniversary date. I can't believe the transformation into anxiety and fear."

15. Special Kids Today – Walking On Eggshells Teens With Borderline Personality Dis Diane Roberts Stoler, ed.D., a health psychologist and author of Coping With Mild Traumatic posttraumatic stress disorder; Mood disorders; Panic/anxiety http://specialkidstoday.com/resources/articles/bpd.htm

Search the Network: news resources community diaries ... shop Walking on Eggshells Teens With Borderline Personality Disorder By Gwen Morrison Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most controversial diagnoses in psychology today. According to BPD Central , one of the oldest and largest resources online, a personality disorder is described as “an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, is stable over time and leads to distress or impairment in interpersonal relationships.” When a person suffers from borderline personality disorder, it causes distress for both the individual who has the disorder and all of the people who interact with him. Signs and Symptoms The National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) based in Arlington, Va., says that BPD is characterized by impulsivity and instability in mood, self-image and personal relationships. Individuals who have BPD have several of the following symptoms: Marked mood swings with periods of intense depression, irritability and/or anxiety lasting a few hours to a few days.

16. CACMH Anxiety Disorders Profile posttraumatic stress Disorder. of America. special Focus on Anxiety disorders in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults. 2nd ed., ADAA 1998. http://www.endpoint.com/kidsmentalhealth/profilead.html

What it is? What causes it? Diagnosis Treatment ... Support Anxiety disorders are illnesses that cause people to feel frightened, distressed and uneasy for no apparent reason. Left untreated, these disorders can dramatically reduce productivity and significantly diminish an individual's quality of life. WHAT ARE ANXIETY DISORDERS? Here are some of the most common anxiety disorders that affect children and adolescents. Panic Disorder. Repeated episodes of intense fear that strike often and without warning. Physical symptoms include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, abdominal distress, feelings of unreality, and fear of dying. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Repeated, unwanted thoughts or compulsive behaviors that seem impossible to stop. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Persistent symptoms that occur after experiencing a traumatic event such as rape or other criminal assault, war, child abuse, natural disasters or crashes. Nightmares, flashbacks, emotional numbness, depression, anger, irritability, distractedness and being easily startled are common. Phobias.

17. State Fails In Care Of Mentally Ill Kids - 08/08/03 for Children With Emotional disorders, who advocates high schoolers and toddlers suffering from posttraumatic stress. enough to be in special ed. They pushed http://www.detnews.com/2003/specialreport/0307/22/a01-239558.htm

@import url(/includes/css/enhanced.css); Latest Politics/Government reports Home Page Essentials CyberSurveys Forums Photo Galleries Weather ... Contact Us Autos Autos Insider Drive Car Reviews Latest Deals ... Joyrides Business Business Careers Find a Job Real Estate ... Find a Home Metro Metro/State Wayne Oakland Macomb ... Detroit History Nation/World Nation/World Politics/Gov Census Health ... Technology Sports Sports Insider LIons/NFL Pistons/NBA Red Wings/NHL ... Scoreboards Entertainment Entertainment Events Event Finder Movies/TV/DVD ... Michigan's Best Living Lifestyle Homestyle Fitness Forums News Talk Autos Talk Wings Talk Lions Talk ... Tech Talk Previous Story Next Story Friday, August 8, 2003 State fails in care of mentally ill kids Program cuts, fragmented bureaucracy make it difficult for families to find help By Jennifer Brooks / The Detroit News Previous reports Read the complete Detroit News special report " Michigan's Mentally Ill: Crisis in care Mental illness in children Facts It's estimated that one out of every five children and adolescents has a mental health disorder and that one out of 10 6 million young people suffer from "serious emotional disturbances." Beyond the disorders most people associate with childhood (hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder), children can suffer from the same range of mental illnesses that afflict adults depression, anxiety, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, post-traumatic stress, bipolar disorders and schizophrenia.

18. The Etiology Of Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders The Etiology of CombatRelated post-traumatic stress disorders Your guide to Medical marijuana Online buying of medical pot , Tom Williams (ed.) post-traumatic stress disorders a handbook http://www.onlinepot.org/medical/ptsd.htm

Instantaneously The L atest US Medical Marijuana / Drug News Stories Daily Navigational Links Contact Info Our Email News Letter Sign-up My Own Medical Bio ... Advertise Your Business or Product Here Best Donations Needed New Additions Page Table Of Contents Scam Search http://scams.da.ru/ Scam Search Is Not Run By Us At OLP Main Start Parody Stories, Medical Marijuana/VS Drug War Lies News ... Video's/ Movie's No part of this site maybe used or reproduced in whole or in part without or www.onlinepot.org OnlinePot assumes no liability for any products, information, or services offered. The Etiology of Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders by Jim Goodwin, Psy.D. (1987) IN: Tom Williams (Ed.) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders: a handbook for clinicians, pp. 1-18. Published in Cincinatti, Ohio by DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS National Headquarters P O Box 14301 Cincinnati, OH 45214 INTRODUCTION Most Vietnam veterans have adjusted well to life back in the United States, following their wartime experiences. That's a tribute to these veterans who faced a difficult homecoming to say the least.

19. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Identification And Diagnosis posttraumatic stress Disorder (PTSD) disrupts the the DSM IV under Anxiety disorders. There is also and Controlling Traumatic Hyperarousal " in, Vanderberger, L (ed.) THE MANY http://www.healing-arts.org/tir/n-r-rothschild.htm

This article is brought to you by: The Healing Center On-Line , with kind permission by the author. [Please see our other articles related to Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Identification and Diagnosis Invited article for Soziale Arbeit Schweiz (The Swiss Journal of Social Work), February 1998. By Babette Rothschild, MSW, LCSW Member: International and European Societies for Traumatic Stress Studies National Association of Social Workers (USA) Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) disrupts the functioning of those afflicted by it, interfering with the ability to meet their daily needs and perform the most basic tasks. Trauma continues to intrude on the lives of people with PTSD as they relive the life-threatening experiences they have suffered with visual, auditory and/or somatic reality, reacting in mind and body as though such events were still occurring. Not everyone experiencing traumatic events develops PTSD; it is a complex psychobiological condition that can emerge in the wake of life-threatening experiences when normal psychological and somatic stress responses to a traumatic event are not resolved and released. In this paper it is proposed that Autonomic Nervous System hyperarousal is at the core of PTSD and the driving force behind phenomena such as dissociation, freezing and flashbacks. Acute traumatic reactions are differentiated from PTSD and strategies for intervention are suggested. INTRODUCTION Events that are threatening to life or bodily integrity will produce traumatic stress in its victim. This is a normal, adaptive response of the mind and body to protect the individual by preparing him to respond to the the threat by fighting or fleeing. If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipated allowing the victim to return to a normal level of functioning. PTSD develops: when fight or flight is not possible; the threat persists over a long period of time; and/or the threat is so extreme that the instinctive response of the victim is to freeze.

20. Trauma Information Pages, Articles Goodwin (1987) Jim Goodwin describes the etiology of combatrelated PTSD in a 1987 chapter published in Williams (ed.) post-traumatic stress disorders a handbook for clinicians. of Combat-Related post-traumatic stress disorders designated as Post Traumatic stress disorders in the American http://www.trauma-pages.com/goodwin.htm

The Etiology of Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders by Jim Goodwin, Psy.D. (1987) IN: Tom Williams (Ed.) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders: a handbook for clinicians, pp. 1-18. Published in Cincinatti, Ohio by DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS National Headquarters P O Box 14301 Cincinnati, OH 45214 INTRODUCTION Most Vietnam veterans have adjusted well to life back in the United States, following their wartime experiences. That's a tribute to these veterans who faced a difficult homecoming to say the least. However, a very large number of veterans haven't made it all the way home from the war in Southeast Asia. By conservative estimates, at least half a million Vietnam veterans still lead lives plagued by serious, war-related readjustment problems. Such problems crop up in a number of ways, varying from veteran to veteran. Flashbacks to combat... feelings of alienation or anger... depression, loneliness and an inability to get close to others... sometimes drug or alcohol problems... perhaps even suicidal feelings. The litany goes on. In its efforts to help these veterans, the 700,000-member Disabled American Veterans (DAV) funded the FORGOTTEN WARRIOR PROJECT research on Vietnam veterans by John P. Wilson, Ph.D. at Cleveland State University. That research resulted in formation of the DAV Vietnam Veterans Outreach Program to provide counseling to these veterans in 1978. With 70 outreach offices across the United States, this DAV program served as a model for the Veterans Administration (VA) Operation Outreach program for Vietnam era veterans, which was established approximately a year later.

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