1. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Portuguese Literature portuguese literature. The Portuguese language was developed graduallyfrom the lingua rustica spoken in the countries which formed http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12307a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... P > Portuguese Literature A B C D ... Z Portuguese Literature The Portuguese language was developed gradually from the lingua rustica spoken in the countries which formed part of the Roman Empire and, both in morphology and syntax, it represents an organic transformation of Latin without the direct intervention of any foreign tongue. The sounds, grammatical forms, and syntactical types, with a few exceptions, are derived from Latin, but the vocabulary has absorbed a number of Germanic and Arabic words, and a few have Celtic or Iberian origin. Before the close of the middle ages the language threatened to become almost as abbreviated as French, but learned writers, in their passion for antiquity, re-approximated the vocabulary to Latin. The Renaissance commenced a separation between literary men and the people, between the written and spoken tongue, which with some exceptions lasted until the beginning of the nineteenth century. Then the Romanticists went back to tradition and drew on the poetry and every day speech of the people, and, thanks to the writings of such men as Almeida-Garrett and Camillo Castello Branco, the literary language became national once again. I. EARLY VERSE

2. Portuguese Literature portuguese literature. portuguese literature ( The Hutchinson Dictionary of the Arts)The Mag is currently studying French and portuguese literature at Birmingham University.(Features) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/ent/A0839851.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Portuguese literature Portuguese literature, writings in Portuguese. The literature of Brazil is considered separately (see Brazilian literature Sections in this article: Introduction Early Works The Renaissance through the Seventeenth Century Literary Movements of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries The Twentieth Century ... Bibliography The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Portuguese language Portuguese man-of-war Search For: Source Type: Documents (from Newspapers, Magazines, Journals, Newswires, Transcripts and Books) Images and Maps Reference Research our extensive archive of more than 28 million documents from 2,600 sources. About Contact Link to Infoplease Privacy Related sites:

3. European Literature - Electronic Texts Internet sources for literary texts in western European languages other than English. texts with English translations and commentary. portuguese literature. Projecto Vercial Literatura Portuguesa list of Web sites for portuguese literature. It includes a list http://www.lib.virginia.edu/wess/etexts.html

Electronic Text Collections in Western European Literature Catalan Danish Dutch Finnish ... Swedish This page lists Internet sources for literary texts in the western European languages other than English. Translations are mentioned only when they are included in collections of original language texts, or when they are themselves of interest. Collections are listed more or less in order of size; indivdual authors are listed alphabetically. EuRoDocs lists many historical and social science texts in western European languages. If you put up an electronic text, find a collection that's not listed here, or find changes in one of the collections please let me know Catalan Literature Textos en línia is a large collection of links to Catalan texts of all sorts. Selecció de Poesia Catalana Large collection, from medieval to recent times. No longer available Recull de Poesia Catalana Repertorio informatizzato dell'antica letteratura catalana (RIALC) Primarily poetry of the 14th and 15th century. Danish Literature Online Books, Journals and Exhibitions

4. Portuguese Medieval Literature King Alfonso X of León and Castile. Portuguese prose of the 13th and 14th centuries consists of livros that is never wholly absent from portuguese literature. Of the many later http://www.geocities.com/correia72/medieval.htm

Medieval Literature HomePage Medieval Age of the Troubadours Authors Conde D. Pedro de Barcelos D. Dinis D. Duarte Fernão Lopes Gomes Eanes de Zurara Airas Nunes Joan Airas de Santiago João Garcia de Guilhade Martin Codex Sancho I Pedro Afonso Cancioneiro da Ajuda Cantigas De Amigo Cantigas De Amor Cantigas de Santa Maria Ficha De Língua Portuguesa – 10º Ano jongleur Cantigas De Escárnio E Maldizer Características Das Cantigas De Amor Colectâneas De Poesias Trovadorescas Notas Sobre A Origem Da Poesia Trovadoresca C o urtly troubadour poetry in Portugal began in the 13 th century with the reign of Alfonso III and reached its height during the reign of his son Dom Diniz, an excellent troubadour himself. A few authors stand out in the 13 th century; the priests Airas Nunes and Joan Airas de Santiago, João Garcia de Guilhade, and the jogral (professional musician) Martin Codax . The songs of the troubadours were of three types: cantigas de amor, or plaintive love songs; cantigas de amigo, or songs about suitors, put into the mouths of women in delightful native forms still alive in oral folk tradition; and cantigas de escarnho e de mal dizer, or mocking and slanderous songs. More than 2000 songs of the troubadours survive. They are gathered in three cancioneiros, or songbooks, and a fourth book of a different character, containing legends in praise of the Virgin Mary by King Alfonso X of León and Castile. Portuguese prose of the 13

5. Lesson Exchange: Portuguese Literature (all, Literature) 493. portuguese literature. Literature, level all. Posted Fri Jun 26 074710 PDT 1998 by Mário Fernandes Patrão http://www.teachers.net/lessons/posts/493.html

Will Your Retirement Income Be Enough? Many annuities offer guaranteed first year returns of 9%. Annuities also offer great financial advantages including tax-deferred growth and freedom from probate hassles. Request a free quote from AnnuiWeb - Your #1 Retirement Planning Resource. click here to enjoy the $avings!!! #493. Portuguese Literature Literature, level: all Posted Fri Jun 26 07:47:10 PDT 1998 by Mário Fernandes Patrão ( Mfpatrao@hotmail.com Escola Secundária Alcaides de Faria, Barcelos - Portugal Submit Lesson Search Browse Request Lesson ... Teacher Websites sm

6. Portuguese Literature portuguese literature, literature of Portugal, written in Portugueseand other languages. It is noted for the sweetness of its lyrical http://www.terravista.pt/PortoSanto/1086/literature.html

P ortuguese Literature, literature of Portugal, written in Portuguese and other languages. It is noted for the sweetness of its lyrical verse and the biting wit of its satirical prose. Portuguese literature may be divided into four periods: 1200 to 1415, the age of the troubadours; 1415 to 1580, the humanistic flowering, rivaling that of Castile; 1580 to 1820, a time of stagnation; and 1820 to the present, the romantic revival. Until the 14 th century, Portuguese literature was a regional variety of that of the Iberian Peninsula, composed in the language of northwestern Spain by Galicians, Portuguese, and Castilians alike; down to the 17 th century many Portuguese also wrote in Castilian. Thus, the Portuguese claim authorship of Amadis of Gaul, the greatest Spanish novel of chivalry. Age of the Troubadours Courtly troubadour poetry in Portugal began in the 13 th century with the reign of Alfonso III and reached its height during the reign of his son Diniz, an excellent troubadour himself. A few authors stand out in the 13 th century; the priests Airas Nunes and Joan Airas de Santiago, João Garcia de Guilhade, and the jogral (professional musician) Martin Codax. The songs of the troubadours were of three types: cantigas de amor, or plaintive love songs; cantigas de amigo, or songs about suitors, put into the mouths of women in delightful native forms still alive in oral folk tradition; and cantigas de escarnho e de mal dizer, or mocking and slanderous songs. More than 2000 songs of the troubadours survive. They are gathered in three cancioneiros, or songbooks, and a fourth book of a different character, containing legends in praise of the Virgin Mary by King Alfonso X of León and Castile. Portuguese prose of the 13

7. Portuguese Literature Gil Vicente A brief biography of the Portuguese playwright. http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/cvc/literaturaingles/GIL.HTM

8. Portuguese Literature portuguese literature. Modern Languages and Linguistics Library. A. General Guides to Research in Portuguese Studies. B. General Guides to portuguese literature. 1. General/Author Bibliographies. 2 . http://www.library.uiuc.edu/mdx/Bibliogs/porlit.htm

Library Gateway Portuguese Literature Modern Languages and Linguistics Library By Martha Zárate LIBRARY LOCATION CODES A. General Guides to Research in Portuguese Studies B. General Guides to Portuguese Literature General/Author Bibliographies Anthologies: History and Criticism Guides with Abstracts of Essays ... Specific Subjects A. GENERAL GUIDES TO RESEARCH IN PORTUGUESE STUDIES 015.469 L681b (REX) Boletim de bibliografia portuguesa . Lisboa: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1955. Includes the publications that enter the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa under legal deposit. Classifies subjects in different categories and follows the Dewey Decimal classification system. Some of these subjects are: education, pure sciences, applied sciences, arts, linguistics, literature, geography. 016.946H191 (REX) Siqueira Wiarda, Iêda, ed. The Handbook of Portuguese Studies. Philadelphia, Pa.] : Xlibris Corp., [1999?] The first volume of a promising series of Portuguese studies compiled by specialists in the Library of Congress and annotated by a corps of scholars in the field of Luso-American studies. This book contains brief articles introducing disciplines and subjects of historiography, economics, international relations, politics and statistics. It includes works for the research of the Lusophone territories (Brazil, the Orient, Cape Verde, Madeira, São Tomé, Príncipe, Morocco, The Far East and Luso-Africa.) All of the sections are followed by a substantial list bib

9. Portuguese Literature Library Gateway. portuguese literature Modern Languages and Linguistics Library. B.GENERAL GUIDES TO portuguese literature. 1. General/Author Bibliographies. http://gateway.library.uiuc.edu/mdx/bibliogs/porlit.htm

Library Gateway Portuguese Literature Modern Languages and Linguistics Library By Martha Zárate LIBRARY LOCATION CODES A. General Guides to Research in Portuguese Studies B. General Guides to Portuguese Literature General/Author Bibliographies Anthologies: History and Criticism Guides with Abstracts of Essays ... Specific Subjects A. GENERAL GUIDES TO RESEARCH IN PORTUGUESE STUDIES 015.469 L681b (REX) Boletim de bibliografia portuguesa . Lisboa: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1955. Includes the publications that enter the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa under legal deposit. Classifies subjects in different categories and follows the Dewey Decimal classification system. Some of these subjects are: education, pure sciences, applied sciences, arts, linguistics, literature, geography. 016.946H191 (REX) Siqueira Wiarda, Iêda, ed. The Handbook of Portuguese Studies. Philadelphia, Pa.] : Xlibris Corp., [1999?] The first volume of a promising series of Portuguese studies compiled by specialists in the Library of Congress and annotated by a corps of scholars in the field of Luso-American studies. This book contains brief articles introducing disciplines and subjects of historiography, economics, international relations, politics and statistics. It includes works for the research of the Lusophone territories (Brazil, the Orient, Cape Verde, Madeira, São Tomé, Príncipe, Morocco, The Far East and Luso-Africa.) All of the sections are followed by a substantial list bib

10. Portuguese Literature --  Encyclopædia Britannica MLA style " portuguese literature." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium APA style portuguese literature. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 6 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=115185

11. Portuguese Literature: The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia—portuguese literature. The Twentieth Century. Related contentfrom HighBeam Research on portuguese literature The Twentieth Century. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/ent/A0860497.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Portuguese literature The Twentieth Century The modern period in Portuguese letters dates from the establishment of the republic in 1910. Various writers fostered suadosismo, a cult of nostalgia and regret over an unrecoverable and mythic past. Later writing became more sensitive to developments in other countries. Fernando Pessoa In the early 1970s Portuguese literary circles were shaken by the publication of a volume of collected notes, stories, letters, and poems by Maria Isabel Barreno, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Banned because of its erotic and feminist nature, the book was allowed to circulate after the collapse of the Salazar dictatorship in Apr., 1974. In the United States the book was published as The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters Saramago,

12. Portuguese Literature. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. portuguese literature. writings in Portuguese. See B. Vidigal, ed. Oxford Bookof Portuguese Verse (2d ed. 1952); AFG Bell, portuguese literature (rev. http://www.bartleby.com/65/po/Portlit.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Portuguese literature writings in Portuguese. The literature of Brazil is considered separately (see

13. BUBL LINK / 5:15 Internet Resources: Portuguese Medeiros Subjects portuguese DeweyClass 469 ResourceType document Location brazil,south america Last checked 20000615 portuguese literature Explores (in http://bubl.ac.uk/link/p/portuguese.htm

BUBL LINK / 5:15 Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus A-Z ... About Portuguese A-Z Index Titles Descriptions COMPARA Dictionary.com English to Portuguese Dictionary fonetiks.org ... Web of On-line Grammars Page last updated: 17 March 2003 Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk COMPARA Offers a bi-directional corpus of Portuguese and English language fiction. Provides free access to original texts aligned with their translations, to allow users to compare and contrast features of Portuguese and English. Author: Computational Processing of Portuguese Project Subjects: english language research, portuguese DeweyClass: ResourceType: documents Location: portugal, europe Last checked: Dictionary.com Free online resource for translating plain text or Web pages into English, French, German, Portuguese, or Spanish. Author: Lexico LLC Subjects: french language, german language, italian language, portuguese, spanish, translating dictionaries DeweyClass: ResourceType: dictionary Location: usa Last checked: English to Portuguese Dictionary Translation of English phrases into Portuguese. Author: Instituto de Física Subjects: portuguese, translating dictionaries

14. Department Of Romance Languages And Literatures A department in the Division of Humanities that offers programs in French, Italian, Spanish, and portuguese literatures of both Europe and the Americas. http://humanities.uchicago.edu/humanities/romance/

15. History Of Portuguese Literature History of portuguese literature 1, from 3 to 16 March, 1981. The historyof portuguese literature can be understood on two separate levels http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/cvc/literatura/eng/historialit.htm

Precisa ter instalado o JavaAplet Precisa ter instalado o JavaAplet Precisa ter instalado o JavaAplet Precisa ter instalado o JavaAplet ... Theatre History of Portuguese Literature Fólio of Cancioneiro da Ajuda Front page of the newspaper JL - Jornal de Letras, Artes e Ideias , Year I, No. 1, from 3 to 16 March, 1981. The history of Portuguese literature can be understood on two separate levels: The progression over time of the cultivation of the Portuguese language for aesthetic and cultural purposes (which the theory of literary history calls literary evolution , e.g. Tynianov and the Russian Formalists); Consideration of the way in which this progression should best be seen, through the critical and methodological perspectives that determine its nature. At level , it should be stressed that: a) The evolution of a community has strong correlations with the evolution of neighbouring communities, or with the evolution of those communities with which it has close relations (in the Portuguese case, this meant certain European literatures, such as Spanish, French, Italian and others, depending on the particular periods and the types of relationship enjoyed; later, it was to mean Brazilian and North American literature, either because of their natural intercommunication or through an indirect relationship); b) uch evolution takes place within a much broader artistic, cultural, socio-political and economic framework

16. Overview portuguese literature was formed on the basis of a single, unified geographicalspace, namely the Portuguese territory, The Lusitanian Kingdom, / Where the http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/cvc/literatura/eng/visgenerica.htm

Precisa ter instalado o JavaAplet Precisa ter instalado o JavaAplet Precisa ter instalado o JavaAplet Precisa ter instalado o JavaAplet ... Theatre Overview Francis Smith Oil on canvas - Untitled Centro de Arte Moderna Literature consists of a set of written texts (which are also often firmly rooted in the oral tradition), aesthetically composed from common language and expressing the cultural specificity of a community. Portuguese literature was formed on the basis of a single, unified geographical space, namely the Portuguese territory, The Lusitanian Kingdom, / Where the land ends and the sea begins Camões The Lusiads although it was later to spread to various parts of the world as a consequence of the Portuguese maritime discoveries in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This great adventure resulted in an extremely rich travel literature and was responsible for the expansion of the national language The history of Portuguese literature accompanied the aesthetic evolution of western culture, emerging from a mediaeval Latin-based environment that served as the basis for the formation and perfection of literary language until the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It was also open to popular influences, particularly in the early days of historiography (whose most important figure was Fernão Lopes with his remarkable capacity for describing mass social movements) and in the theatre (whose most notable figure was Gil Vicente with his ability to communicate the traditional wisdom deriving from the spontaneity of the ordinary people):

17. New York University | Bobst Library: Collection Development Policy: Spanish And Chronological Periods Coverage of Spanish and portuguese literature is from the medievalperiod to the present. PQ90019470, portuguese literature, To 1700, B, C, C. http://library.nyu.edu/collections/policies/spapor.html

HOME COLLECTIONS RESEARCH ASSISTANCE SERVICES ... HELP Sections: Purpose Scope Types of Materials Other Resources ... Index to Policies Spanish and Portugese Literature Bobst Library, New York University , Librarian for Spanish and Portugese Literature I. Purpose The collection supports WSUC and GSAS programs in Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American literatures, languages, and civilization through the doctoral level. Emphasis is on literature and language. Civilization is interpreted here as including broader cultural works affecting the study of literature. The collection also supports course work and research in the following programs: Literature in Translation minor, Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Comparative Literature, Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Bilingual Education (School of Continuing Education). Library materials for the NYU in Spain program are provided by the Department. II. Scope Language The collection consists principally of literary texts and criticism in Spanish, Portuguese and English. Early literature of Spain and Portugal in Galician and Catalan is also acquired. Critical works in French, Italian, and German, and literary texts in English translation are acquired regularly. Literature in Basque and indigenous languages of Latin America are excluded.

18. Portugal - Find Portuguese Literature The study of portuguese literature includes a history of works written beginningwith the troubadours in 1200 and continuing through the Golden Age, and onward http://classiclit.about.com/cs/portugueselit/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Literature: Classic Find Literature ... By Country - Culture Portugal Home Essentials A-to-Z Writers in Classic Literature Book Lists ... Read Mark Twain zau(256,152,180,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); About Books Find a Writer Find Literature For Students ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Literature: Classic newsletter. Search Literature: Classic Portugal - Find Portuguese Literature To find out more information about books from Portugal, take a look at these resources. The study of Portuguese Literature includes a history of works written beginning with the troubadours in 1200 and continuing through the Golden Age, and onward. Read more about Portuguese literature. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Ormulum Project The project was instigated in 1993, while Professor Johannesson worked at The University of Trondheim (later renamed as The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU), Norway. Portuguese Literature Read more about Portuguese Literature: "Portuguese literature may be divided into four periods: 1200 to 1415, the age of the troubadours; 1415 to 1580, the humanistic flowering, rivaling that of Castile; 1580 to 1820, a time of stagnation; and 1820 to the present, the romantic revival."

19. Rubriek: 18.37 Portuguese Literature Translate this page DutchESS, Dutch Electronic Subject Service, Rubriek 18.37 Portugueseliterature. Link , African Authors in Portuguese. Link , Camões http://www.kb.nl/dutchess/18/37/

Rubriek: 18.37 Portuguese literature African Authors in Portuguese Carta de marear / María Angélica Hernández Crestomatia de Quarta (Feira) Iberian studies web / Marianne Siegmund, Richard Hacken ... Textos de literatura galega medieval / Xulio Sousa, Ana I. Boullón

20. Portuguese Literature --  Encyclopædia Britannica portuguese literature Encyclopædia Britannica Article. To cite this pageMLA style portuguese literature. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=115185&tocid=0&query=francisco manuel de

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