61. The Value Of Population Genetics To The Breeder The Value of population genetics to the Breeder by John Armstrong. These earlygeneticists expected to find little genetic variability in a population. http://www.netpets.com/dogs/reference/genetics/popgen.html

The Value of Population Genetics to the Breeder by John Armstrong As a breeder, you are a practicing geneticist. To breed effectively you need to know something about genetic principles. (Would you sit down to a bridge game expecting to win without any knowledge of the rules?) What is often called "Mendelian genetics" deals with the outcome of specific crosses. Population genetics deals with the distribution of alleles in a population and the effects of mutation, selection, inbreeding, etc. on this distribution. A knowledge of both is critical not only to your own success, but also to the survival of your breed. Once-upon-a-time, many geneticists believed that there were only two alternatives for a gene - "good" alleles that functioned normally and "bad" alleles that didn't. If things were this simple, then the task of the geneticist-breeder would be simplified to one of identifying the bad alleles and trying to eliminate them from the population. Such a simplistic model could be modified to allow for different "good" alleles, but it should not matter whether you have one or another. These early geneticists expected to find little genetic variability in a population. The majority of individuals were expected to be homozygous for the good allele for most genes. With the advent of modern biochemical and molecular tools, geneticists studying populations found far more variability (diversity) than they had expected. There are a number of possible reasons for this, and even the experts are not in total agreement on the most likely reason(s). However, geneticists have also discovered that populations lacking genetic diversity often have significant problems and are at greater risk from disease and other changes in their environment. The conclusion is that genetic diversity is desirable for the health and long-term survival of a population.

62. The Price Of Popularity: Popular Sires And Population Genetics The Price of Popularity Popular Sires and population genetics by CA Sharp.Consider the hypothetical case of Old Blue, Malthound extraordinaire. http://www.netpets.com/dogs/reference/genetics/sharp.html

The Price of Popularity: Popular Sires and Population Genetics by C.A. Sharp Consider the hypothetical case of Old Blue, Malthound extraordinaire. Blue was perfect: Sound, healthy and smart. On week days he retrieved malt balls from dawn to dusk. On weekends he sparkled in malt field and obedience trials as well as conformation shows, where he baited toyou guessed itmalt balls. Everybody had a good reason to breed to Blue, so everybody did. His descendants trotted in his paw-prints on down through their generations. Blue died full of years and full of honor. But what people didn't know was that Old Blue, good as he was, carried a few bad genes. They didn't affect him, nor the vast majority of his immediate descendants. To complicate the matter further, some of those bad genes were linked to genes for important Malthound traits. A few Malthounds with problems started showing up. They seemed isolated, so everyone assumed it was "just one of those things." A few declared them "no big deal." Those individuals usually had affected dogs. All in all, folks carried on as usual. Time passed. More problem dogs turned up. People made a point not to mention the problems to others becauseeveryone knows the stud owner always blames the bitch for the bad tings and takes credit for the good. Stud owners knew it best to keep quiet so as not to borrow trouble. Overall, nobody did anything to get to the bottom of the problems, because if they were really significant, everybody would be talking about it, right?

63. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent REPORT. population genetics of transgene containment. Our analyses simplifythe population genetics of transgene containment to its essentials. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00575.x/full

 Home An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie A cookie is a small amount of information that a web site copies onto your hard drive. Synergy uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page. If the cookie cannot be set correctly, then Synergy cannot determine whether you are logged in and a new session will be created for each page you visit. This slows the system down. Therefore, you must accept the Synergy cookie to use the system. What Gets Stored in a Cookie? Synergy only stores a session ID in the cookie, no other information is captured. In general, only the information that you provide, or the choices you make while visiting a web site, can be stored in a cookie. For example, the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it. Allowing a web site to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer, and only the site that created the cookie can read it. Please read our for more information about data collected on this site.

64. Computational And Molecular Population Genetics Lab - Home Page population genetics, Home Department of Biology Zoological Institute population genetics. Divisionof population genetics. Baltzerstrasse 6 3012 Bern Switzerland. http://www.cmpg.unibe.ch/

Zoological Institute Search Contact Impressum Population Genetics Home Department of Biology Zoological Institute Population Genetics ... Teaching Services Events Links Intranet Webmaster Division of Population Genetics Baltzerstrasse 6 3012 Bern Switzerland Fax: +41 31 631 48 88 Tel. secr. : +41 31 631 45 11 How to find us

65. Population Genetics Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium population genetics HardyWeinberg Equilibrium. A. The basic premiseThe frequencies of genes (alleles) and genotypes will remain http://www.baa.duke.edu/BAA93/H-WEQ.HTM

A. The basic premise: The frequencies of genes (alleles) and genotypes will remain constant from one generation to the next under the following conditions (the assumptions of the model): The population is infinitely large (thus there is no genetic drift There is no migration between populations ( no gene flow There is no mutation (at least none at rates high enough to make a significant change in allele freqency) There is no differential fertility or mortality due to that particular gene or trait ( no selection operating at that locus) (thus none of the four mechanisms of evolution are at work) There is random mating in the population (in other words there is no preference for one phenotype or the other in choosing a mate - while this wouldn't change allele frequencies in the population, it would change the probability of certain genotype frequencies.) Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium relies on the law of joint probabilities - that the probability of two independent events is precisely equal to the product of the probabilities of the events. B. Example of Hardy-Weinberg in action

66. Basic Population Genetics [M.Tevfik Dorak] BASIC population genetics. F statistics The F statistics in population geneticshas nothing to do the F statistics evaluating differences in variances. http://dorakmt.tripod.com/evolution/popgen.html

Back to Genetics Back to Evolution Back to Biostatistics Back to HLA ... Homepage BASIC POPULATION GENETICS M.Tevfik Dorak, M.D., Ph.D. G.H. Hardy (the English mathematician) and W. Weinberg (the German physician) independently worked out the mathematical basis of population genetics in 1908. Their formula predicts the expected genotype frequencies using the allele frequencies in a diploid Mendelian population. They were concerned with questions like "what happens to the frequencies of alleles in a population over time?" and "would you expect to see alleles disappear or become more frequent over time?" Hardy and Weinberg showed in the following manner that if the population is very large and random mating is taking place, allele frequencies remain unchanged (or in equilibrium) over time unless some other factors intervene. If the frequencies of allele A and a (of a biallelic locus) are p and q, then (p + q) = 1. This means (p + q = 1 too. It is also correct that (p + q = p + 2pq +q = 1. In this formula, p

67. Lab 8: Population Genetics population genetics (Lab 8). Key Concepts. HardyWeinberg Law of GeneticEquilibrium. In 1908 G. Hardy and W. Weinberg independently http://www.ekcsk12.org/science/aplabreview/lab08.htm

Population Genetics (Lab 8) Key Concepts Hardy-Weinberg Law of Genetic Equilibrium In 1908 G. Hardy and W. Weinberg independently proposed that the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation if the population is stable and in genetic equilibrium. Five conditions are required in order for a population to remain at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: 1. Large population 2. Random Mating 3. No Mutations 4. No Natural Selection 5. No Immigration Equations: p + q = 1 p + 2pq + q p= dominate allele q= recessive allele Lab Design The experiment in this laboratory is a test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a "mating population," represented by you and your classmates. Your instructor will assign each class member a genotype ( AA Aa , or aa ). The initial allelic frequency of the population will be 0.5 A and 0.5 a . Your population will simulate several different conditions that might alter allelic frequency, and you will determine the allelic frequencies over several generations. Analysis of Results Combine data.

68. Population Genetics And Darwinian Medicine population genetics and Darwinian Medicine. Sinervo and Pogson © 1998. The criticalconcept with genetic drift is effective population size usually termed Ne. http://www.biology.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/classes/evolution/DARWNMED.HTM

69. Population Genetics Format population genetics. Time One or two 50minute class periods GradeLevel 9-12. populations. population genetics DATA COLLECTION SHEET. http://www.isu.edu/biolearn/Lesson Plans/evolution/lessonplans/LessonPopulationG

Home Topics Biological Evolution Population Genetics State Standard: (651) Cellular and Molecular concepts, (652) Interdependence of Organisms and Biological Change. Download Lesson Plan in Word Format View Lesson Plan in PDF Format POPULATION GENETICS Time: One or two 50-minute class periods Grade Level: Objectives: To understand the basics of evolution by natural selection. To calculate allele frequencies as they relate to inheritance. To understand the Hardy-Weinberg Law and how evolution takes place when this law is not in place. Idaho Achievement Standards: Materials: Background: Students will review some basic genetic principles of inheritance and will review genetic terms such as allele, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, gene pool. Procedures: Warm-up. Students will test their ability to taste PTC molecule by using a test strip with the molecule on it. If students taste the strip especially strongly, this indicates they carry two copies of the dominant gene, if only slightly then one copy, and if not at all, then no copy. Have students calculate genotype and allele frequencies of the class "gene pool." Activity: Students will do three simulations that will demonstrate the principles of inheritance. The first simulation will demonstrate genetic equilibrium (the Hardy Weinberg Law), the second will demonstrate genetic drift, and the third will demonstrate a lethal recessive. All three simulations will be recorded on data sheets and the results will be plotted on a graph to show the results visually.

70. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Judith Stanhope 1994 Woodrow Wilson Biology Institute. Introduction. An understandingof evolution depends upon knowledge of population genetics. http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/bi/1994/hwintro.html

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Judith Stanhope 1994 Woodrow Wilson Biology Institute Introduction An understanding of evolution depends upon knowledge of population genetics. One of the more difficult concepts to understand when studying population genetics is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Since it is abstract and quantitative, students often feel threatened and quickly shy away from it. They frequently ask, 'Why do we have to know this? Of what value is it?' Why do students need to know Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, and how do we, as teachers, convey the principle to them? As Thomas Merten (1992) states: 'If you have ever been asked questions such as the ones that follow, you begin to see why studying population genetics might be useful: 1. I'm confused! How can O be the most common of the blood types if it is a recessive trait? 2. If Huntington's disease is a dominant trait, shouldn't three-fourths of the population have Huntington's while one-fourth have the normal phenotype? These questions reflect the common misconception that the dominant allele of a trait will always have the highest frequency in a population and the recessive allele will always have the lowest frequency. On the contrary, as G. H. Hardy stated in 1908, 'There is not the slightest foundation for the idea that a dominant trait should show a tendency to spread over a whole population, or that a recessive trait should die out.' Gene frequencies can be high or low no matter how the allele is expressed, and can change, depending on the conditions that exist. It is the changes in gene frequencies over time that result in evolution. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle provides a baseline to determine whether of not gene frequencies have changed in a population and thus whether evolution has occurred.

71. Genetics 562 Spring 2001 Genetics 562. population genetics. Spring, 2001. Emphasis on theoretical populationgenetics. Prerequisite permission of instructor. Offered Sp. http://depts.washington.edu/~genetics/courses/genet562/2001/genet562.html

Genetics 562 Population Genetics Spring, 2001 News Description from the UW Course Catalog Syllabus of lectures Books which will be put on reserve at Health Sciences Library ... Chapter I of the course text (as a PDF) Theoretical Evolutionary Genetics by Joe Felsenstein. The course text will be reproduced locally and sold to students at cost. We will discuss mechanics of this in class. Archive of messages in the course newsgroup Who is this guy who is teaching the course, anyway? What are some other related courses? What are some Internet resources on evolutionary biology? ... Where can I get a copy of the genetic simulation computer program? News about the course The course text has been reproduced and sold to the class. Any course students who missed it, see me. Description from the UW Course Catalog GENET 562 Population Genetics Credits: 4 Quarters: Sp Instructor: Felsenstein Course Desc.: Mathematical and experimental approaches to the genetics of natural populations, especially as they relate to evolution. Emphasis on theoretical population genetics. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Offered: Sp. What are some other related courses?

72. Eccles Institute Of Human Genetics - Population Genetics population genetics. Moving from the micro level of genetics (directingcell function, growth, and development) to the macro level http://www.genetics.utah.edu/faculty/populationgenetics.html

Overview Disease Genetics Genomics and Technology Developmental Genetics ... Population Genetics Population Genetics Moving from the "micro" level of genetics (directing cell function, growth, and development) to the "macro" level, we see that our genes make us similar to or different from each other. Inherited (or genetic) characteristics such as height, hair color, and race are a few examples. Each characteristic has many variations; hair color can be black, brown, red, blonde, white, or gray, for example. Statistical analysis of such variations is used to determine how they are passed from generation to generation. Our researchers use population genetics to identify and track variations that produce genetic diseases and to study historical issues such as the evolution of humans. Faculty who conduct research in this area: Sandy Hasstedt statistical analysis of genetic diseases in families Lynn Jorde human evolutionary genetics and gene mapping Adjunct faculty who conduct research in this area: Alan Rogers evolutionary genetics and evolutionary ecology Home Graduate Program Faculty Research University Bioscience Community ... Community Outreach

73. ESI Program: Mathematical Population Genetics And Statistical Physics Mathematical population genetics and Statistical Physics. from December2002 to February 2003; and a followup meeting in December 2003. http://schubert.math-inf.uni-greifswald.de/esi/

The in Vienna, Austria, will be funding a program on Mathematical Population Genetics and Statistical Physics from December 2002 to February 2003; and a follow-up meeting in December 2003. Organizers: Ellen Baake, Greifswald Michael Baake, Greifswald General information Programs at the ESI are intended to bring together leading scientists working in a field and give them the opportunity of collaborating here in Vienna for a couple of weeks.The main focus of this program will be on multilocus genetics, on stochastic processes in population genetics, and on the relations to statistical physics and applied mathematics. The main purpose is, of course, to foster interaction among participants, thus providing the possibility of advancing research in this field and breaking new ground. In addition, two workshops will be held: one from 16 December 2002 - 20 December 2002 the other from 17 February 2003 - 21 February 2003 The follow-up meeting will be held December 8-19, 2003. Background and scope of this program Population genetics seeks to describe biological evolution at the level of gene-frequency changes in populations. Its mathematical tools have been developed since the beginning of the 20th century; they are thus young if compared to mathematical physics, but highly developed if compared with most other fields of theoretical biology, which are much younger.

74. Population Genetics population genetics. External references. John Gillespie population geneticsA Concise Guide, Johns Hopkins Press, 1998 ISBN 08018-5755-4; http://www.fact-index.com/p/po/population_genetics.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Population genetics Population genetics is the study of the distribution of and change in allele frequencies under the influence of the four evolutionary forces: natural selection genetic drift mutation and migration . It also takes account of population subdivision and population structure in space. As such, it is the theory that attempts to explain such phenomena as adaptation and speciation . Population genetics was a vital ingredient in the modern evolutionary synthesis , its primary founders were Sewall Wright J. B. S. Haldane and Ronald Fisher , who also laid the foundations for the related discipline of quantitative genetics . Notable population geneticists of the mid-to-late 20th century include Japanese Mooto Kimura, American Richard Lewontin and Italian Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza See also Microevolution Molecular evolution Selection Hardy-Weinberg principle ... Mutational meltdown External references John Gillespie Population Genetics: A Concise Guide , Johns Hopkins Press, 1998 ISBN 0-8018-5755-4 Daniel Hartl Primer of Population Genetics , 3rd edition, Sinauer, 2000 ISBN 0878933042 Daniel Hartl and Andrew Clark Principles of Population Genetics , 3rd edition, Sinauer 1997 ISBN 0-87893-306-9 This article is from Wikipedia . All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

75. ICAPB: The Institute Of Cell, Animal, And Population Biology At The University O population genetics SEMINARS. SUMMER 2004. Wednesdays from 23pm, AshworthLaboratories (ICAPB), Lecture Theatre II. 14 April Gabriel http://www.icapb.ed.ac.uk/whatson/population_genetics.html

@import "/css/additional.css"; THE UNIVERSITY of EDINBURGH ICAPB Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology Contact Location maps About ICAPB Home ... My ICAPB POPULATION GENETICS SEMINARS SUMMER 2004 Wednesdays from 2-3pm, Ashworth Laboratories (ICAPB), Lecture Theatre II 14 April Gabriel Marais (ICAPB) Recombination and base composition: the case of the highly self-fertilizing plant Arabidopsis thaliana 21 April Xu-Sheng Zhang (ICAPB) Effects of bottlenecking and artificial selection on samples from natural populations 5 May Andy Gardner (ICAPB) Spite 12 May Peter Keightley (ICAPB) Evidence for widespread degradation of gene control sequences in hominids 19 May Alexei Drummond (Zoology, Oxford) Bayesian coalescent analysis of ancient DNA 26 May Felicity Jones (ICAPB) A stickleback hybrid zone 2 June Chris Kettle (RBGE) Conservation genetics of New Caledonian endemic conifers: a comparative study 9 June To be announced More information can be obtained from Deborah Charlesworth (Deborah.Charlesworth@ed.ac.uk) Where's ICAPB?

76. Error: Requested File Does Not Or No Longer Exists... Identibacter interactus Bacterial Identification Tutorial. GenerationX - Hardy-Weinberg population genetics. Purdue University. http://biomedia.bio.purdue.edu/Perfect Match/

BioMedia Center for Instructional Computing Purdue University Department of Biological Sciences We're sorry, but the information that you have requested does not exist or no longer exists on the BioMedia WWW site. Please examine the URL for possible errors. The following links may help you to find the information which you were originally attempting to access. BioMedia Center for Instructional Computing The Perfect Match Test Pilot Identibacter interactus - Bacterial Identification Tutorial Generation X - Hardy-Weinberg Population Genetics Purdue University Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University wmd

77. Fish Population Genetics Fish population genetics. Back. population genetics staff (August 2003).Scientific staff and students. Michael M. Hansen (Senior Scientist). http://www.dfu.min.dk/ffi/ffi-eng/popgen.htm

Fish Population Genetics Members of the population genetics group at DIFRES, June 1999. First row, left to right: Dorte Bekkevold, Birgitte Jacobsen, Cathrin Schmidt (University of Kiel, Germany) and Dorte Meldrup. Last row: Einar Eg Nielsen, Karen-Lise D. Mensberg, Michael M. Hansen, Cino Pertoldi (University of Aarhus) and Daniel Ruzzante (who has now moved to the Dept. of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada). Research The population genetics group of the Danish Institute for Fisheries Research was established in 1994. At present, it includes three scientists, two technicians and a variable number of guest scientists, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students. The group's research interests focus on questions in the areas of population genetics, evolutionary biology and conservation biology. The group works on a number of different topics. Evolutionary dynamics, genetic population structure and phylogeography of freshwater and marine fish species. Conservation biology, in particular genetic interactions between wild and domesticated fish and detection of population declines and bottlenecks.

78. SiriusDog Canine Resource & Classifieds - Articles population genetics AND BREEDING by John Armstrong. population genetics AND BREEDING. Populationgenetics is a tool for looking at an entire population or breed. http://siriusdog.com/population-genetics.htm

DogGroups.com All Dog Breeds Welcome DogGiftShop.com Unique Dog Gifts Search Articles Behavior Breeding Dogs ... Training SiriusDog CLASSIFIEDS Sporting Hounds Working Terriers ... View All Categories dogs POPULATION GENETICS AND BREEDING diversity POPULATION GENETICS AND BREEDING by John Armstrong Early genetics Genetics without color "Inbreeding... is a method of holding fast to that which is good and of casting out that which is bad. It establishes homozygous purity..." Onstott (1946) Explaining diversity Several theories were proposed, but somewhere along the line, the realization dawned that many populations are actually a loose collection of small populations that are semi-isolated. In a small population, random events take over and the frequencies of particular alleles may change dramatically just by chance ("genetic drift"). Given enough time, these random fluctuations generally eliminate all but one allele, which is said to be "fixed". How quickly this happens depends on how small the population is. Unequal use of individuals in the population increases the rate of allele loss because it decreases the effective population size.

79. Laboratory Of Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory of Molecular population genetics Your browser is too old! by Webmaster.Laboratory of Molecular population genetics Your browser is too old! http://genetics.biology.kyushu-u.ac.jp/

Laboratory of Molecular Population Genetics Your browser is too old! This page looks better in a browser that can display Frames Staff Research Selected studies Publications Methods See Us Mailing List Add Your Site Search Faculty Umeå Campus Department Population Genetics Club ... Administration by Webmaster Laboratory of Molecular Population Genetics Your browser is too old! This page looks better in a browser that can display Frames Staff Research Selected studies Publications Methods See Us Mailing List Add Your Site Search Faculty Umeå Campus Department ... Administration by Webmaster

80. Nature Publishing Group ERROR, There has been an error while processing your request. In mostcases, this is an isolated incident that can be overcome by http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v404/n6777/full/

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