81. Poland - GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE The Round Table Agreement itself moved poland decisively away from a Sovietstyle unitary hierarchy in which the formal government was merely a bureaucracy to http://countrystudies.us/poland/72.htm

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE Poland Table of Contents The three years following the Round Table Agreement of 1989 were a period of dramatic but uneven change in the governmental structure of the Republic of Poland. The Round Table Agreement itself moved Poland decisively away from a Soviet-style unitary hierarchy in which the formal government was merely a bureaucracy to implement decisions made by the extraconstitutional organs of the PZPR. The Round Table Agreement created a tripartite structure in which power was distributed among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. By mid-1992, the Polish government had evolved into a presidential and parliamentary democracy with an increasingly independent judiciary. The adoption of the Little Constitution promised to resolve ambiguities in the executive powers of the president and the prime minister and to clarify the scope of control of the bicameral National Assembly. The President Sejm Senate Supreme Control Chamber ... Poland Table of Contents Source: U.S. Library of Congress

82. Poland - Government Republic of poland was still attempting to find its political bearings. In 1989 round table talks between the opposition and the communist government spawned a http://countrystudies.us/poland/61.htm

Government Poland Table of Contents THE UNEXPECTED SPEED with which communist governance ended in Poland put the country's anticommunist opposition in charge of the search for appropriate new political institutions. The subsequent hectic experiment in democracy yielded mixed results between 1989 and 1992, when the restored Republic of Poland was still attempting to find its political bearings. In 1989 round table talks between the opposition and the communist government spawned a flurry of legislation and constitutional amendments that merged democratic reforms with institutions and laws inherited from four decades of communist rule. At that point, the young democracy's centers of power had not yet been able to define their span of control and their relationship to one another. Institutional ambiguity was exacerbated by the outcome of the long-awaited parliamentary elections of October 1991, which seated twenty-nine political parties in the powerful lower house, the Sejm. To form a coalition government from such diverse parties, of which none held more than 14 percent of the total seats, was a daunting task in itself. The greater challenge, however, lay in creating a political culture of negotiation and compromise that would make stable democracy feasible over the long term. A key element in the development of any Western-style democracy is the unrestricted dissemination of accurate information and diverse opinion. In this respect, Poland underwent a less abrupt transition than other postcommunist states. A prolific, independent press had evolved from modest beginnings in the early 1970s, surviving the setback of martial law, and expanding its activities as government censorship diminished after the mid-1980s. Following the Round Table Agreement of early 1989, the press gave voice to an ever-widening spectrum of political and social opinion. But the end of generous state subsidies in favor of a profit- and competition-based system bankrupted hundreds of Polish publishing enterprises. Radio and television adjusted less rapidly to the changed political environment and remained under closer government control than the print media.

83. Poland in 1944. Moving to Lublin after that city s liberation, it proclaimed itself the Provisional government of poland. Some former members http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107891.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Poland Infoplease Atlas: Poland Republic of Poland National name: Rzeczpospolita Polska President: Aleksander Kwasniewski (1995) Prime Minister: Marek Belka (2004) Area: 120,728 sq mi (312,685 sq km) Population (2004 est.): 38,626,349 (growth rate: 0%); birth rate: 10.6/1000; infant mortality rate: 8.7/1000; life expectancy: 74.2; density per sq mi: 320 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Warsaw, 2,201,900 (metro. area), 1,607,600 (city proper) Other large cities: Lodz, 778,200; Krakow, 733,100; Wroclaw, 632,200; Poznan, 581,200; Gdansk, 456,700; Szczecin, 415,700 Monetary unit: Zloty Language: Polish Ethnicity/race: Polish 97.6%, German 1.3%, Ukrainian 0.6%, Belorussian 0.5% (1990 est.) Religions: Roman Catholic 95% (about 75% practicing), Russian Orthodox, Protestant, and other 5%

84. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Europe - Poland - Government And Political Condition Click Here. World Europe poland government and Political Conditions (Notes). poland government and Political Conditions (Notes). http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/pl/Poland_government_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Poland (Notes) Poland - Government and Political Conditions (Notes) GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS The current government structure consists of a council of ministers led by a Prime Minister, typically chosen from a majority coalition in the bicameral legislature's lower house. The president elected every 5 years is head of state. The judicial branch plays a minor role in decisionmaking. Former SLD leader Aleksander Kwasniewski was re-elected President in October 2000. Kwasniewski received in the first round 53.9% of the popular vote. In second place was Andrzej Olechowski 17.3%. President Kwasniewski has supported Polish membership in NATO and the EU and backed the SLD's legislative agenda on issues such as redrafting the constitution and abortion liberalization. The parliament, consisting of 460 members of the Sejm and 100 members of the Senate, was elected in September 2001 in free and fair elections in which 15 political parties participated. The new Constitution and the reformed administrative division (as of 1999) required a revision of the election ordinance (passed in April 2001). The most important changes were liquidation of a national list (all deputies were elected by voters in constituencies) and introduction of a new method of calculating seats (the modified St. Lague method replaced the d'Hondt method, thus eliminating the premium for the top parties). The law stipulated that with the exception of guaranteed seats for small ethnic parties, only parties receiving at least 5% of the total vote could enter parliament. As of October 2001, eight parties and the German minority are represented in the Sejm.

85. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Europe - Poland - Government Facts And Figures poland government (Facts). Country name conventional long form Republic of poland conventional short form poland local short http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/pl/Poland_government.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Poland (Facts) Poland - Government (Facts) Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Poland conventional short form: Poland local short form: Polska local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska Government type: republic Capital: Warsaw Administrative divisions: 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lodzkie, Lubelskie, Lubuskie, Malopolskie, Mazowieckie, Opolskie, Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Pomorskie, Slaskie, Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie, Wielkopolskie, Zachodniopomorskie Independence: 11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed) National holiday: Constitution Day, 3 May (1791) Constitution: 16 October 1997; adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by national referendum 23 May 1997 Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover Communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, but rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are f Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

86. AllRefer Reference - Poland - Government Environmental Policy | Polish Informati In 1991 the United States government agreed to forgive part of poland s debt in exchange for domestic investment in pollution control. Data as of October 1992. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/poland/poland72.html

You are here allRefer Reference Poland History ... Poland Poland Government Environmental Policy Poland established a Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources in 1985, but the new department exerted little authority. Between 1987 and 1988, for example, government investment in environmental protection increased by only 6 percent. In 1990 the initial postcommunist environmental timetable was to achieve "substantial" reduction of extreme environmental hazards in three years and to reach the level of European Community ( EC see Glossary) requirements in seven to ten years. In early 1991, the ministry drafted a new state ecological policy, the core of which eliminated the communist rationale of "social interest" in the arbitrary consumption of natural resources. Instead, the new policy fixed responsibility for the negative results of resource consumption at the source. The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources officially identified the eighty enterprises causing the most pollution and promised to shut them down if pollution were not reduced. The role of nongovernmental environmental organizations in policy making was recognized officially for the first time. In late 1991, a State Environmental Protection Inspectorate was established, with broad powers to regulate polluting industries. Penalties for environmental damage also were increased at that time. Data as of October 1992 Poland - TABLE OF CONTENTS The Society and Its Environment PHYSICAL SETTING Topography ... Welfare Benefits Country Guide

87. Ezilon - EU / Regional / Poland / Government All the words Any word Exact phrase. Search the EU UK World, EUROPEAN UNION INTERNATIONAL SEARCH ENGINE AND DIRECTORY. http://www.ezilon.com/regional/poland/government/index.shtml

Home Site Submit Advertise All the words Any word Exact phrase Search the EU UK World EUROPEAN UNION INTERNATIONAL SEARCH ENGINE AND DIRECTORY Home EU Regional Poland Government Embassies and Consulates Information Military Ministries Listings previous next President - The website of the President of Republic of Poland, with news, information about the government of Poland. Sejm of the Republic of Poland - The Sejm plays a vital role in the governmental system of Poland. The Senate of Republic of Poland - The Senate of Republic of Poland website, its history, bodies, senators, activities, seatings, about, what's on, Chancellery of the Senate, archives and senate vitual tour. Listings previous next Advertisement All the words Any word Exact phrase Search the EU UK World Add Listing Advertise With us Legal Policy Contact us e

88. Ezilon - EU / Regional / Poland / Government / Ministries of Agriculture and Rural Development poland Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is responsible for the implementation of government policy in the http://www.ezilon.com/regional/poland/government/ministries/index.shtml

Home Site Submit Advertise All the words Any word Exact phrase Search the EU UK World EUROPEAN UNION INTERNATIONAL SEARCH ENGINE AND DIRECTORY Home EU Regional Poland ... Government Ministries Listings previous next Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - Poland Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is responsible for the implementation of government policy in the field of agriculture, rural development and agricultural markets. Ministry of Economy, Labour and Social Policy - Poland Ministry of Economy, Labour and Social Policy - labour and social security, economy, regional development and tourism. Ministry of the Environment - Ministry of the Environment - environmental protection Ministry of Treasury - Ministry of Treasury of Poland, official Polish finance Ministry. Ministry of National Education and Sport - The Information database on Education Systems in Europe and sport. Listings previous next Advertisement All the words Any word Exact phrase Search the EU UK World Add Listing Advertise With us Legal Policy Contact us e

89. English Version Introduction. Foreign chambers of commerce in poland. government institutions and agencies. Polish economic and commercial representatives abroad. Culture. Science. http://www.poland.gov.pl/

Territory History State and Society Poland and The World ... Country and people We are pleased to invite you to take a short tour of Poland, her glorious past, present-day resources, and prospects for the future. "You have to have strength and self-confidence. You have to believe you have a talent for something and will achieve results whatever the cost." Maria Sk³odowska-Curie physicist, awarded the Nobel Prize twice "Only work offers you the opportunity of self-revelation, to learn what you are really like and not just what you appear to be." Józef Korzeniowski (Joseph Conrad) novelist "To be defeated and not submit, that is victory; to be victorious and rest on one's laurels, that is defeat." Józef Pi³sudski Polish commander-in-chief and statesman Send to friends Save logo Learn Our Logo The Polish National Anthem ... Map of Poland Poland in the EU: Referendum European Secretariat Style of life: Introduction With Backpack and Oar Treasures on the Trail The Sites on the UNESCO List ... City Entertainment We recommend: The Polish Voice People: Polish Communities Abroad Education Structure History: Historical figures Against Russia or Germany?

90. Index Of /2004/WORLD/europe/03/26/poland.government.ap/ DIR Parent Directory......Index of /2004/WORLD/europe/03/26/poland.government.ap/. Name Last modified Size http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/03/26/poland.government.ap/

91. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Regional > Europe > Poland > Government See more products Search in government Sponsored Listings in government (what s this?). poland poland Fast, accurate results www.WebSearch.com. http://www.alexa.com/browse/categories?catid=24183

92. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Regional > ... > Poland > Government > Embassies A Embassies and Consulates Subjects Regional poland government Embassies and Consulates. Browse, Abroad (15). Foreign (19). http://www.alexa.com/browse/categories?catid=1190070

93. Home : Country Focus : Poland : Government Home Country Focus poland government. Country Focus poland government. http://www.slavophilia.com/pages/Country_Focus/Poland/Government/

Home Search Options Home : Country Focus : Poland : Government Country Focus : Poland : Government Home Add a Site Modify a Site What's New ... Advertising info Inside Home Translation/Interpretation Services Software Dictionaries Slavophilia Forums Reserve your hotels/hostels worldwide Categories: Agency and Organization Embassies Law Military ... Politics Links: Office of the Prime Minister of Poland - (Polish). - (Added: 19-Jan-2003) [Rate It] President of the Republic of Poland - Official homepage. (En/Polish). - (Added: 4-Aug-2000) [Rate It] You can post your questions, suggestions, ideas, news on Slavophilia Bulletin Board Join Slavophilia Forums Send comments, suggestions and corrections to webmaster@slavophilia.com

94. WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Poland - Government governments on the WWW poland Search Links to Polish government sites; Institute for Environmental Protection Search An independent government unit for http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/50793.html

Contributors: Databases Recent Additions Translate Add a Link ... Poland Find any of these words all of these words this phrase this document title this Boolean query World Law Help Boolean Operators Search: All WorldLII Catalog All WorldLII Databases Law on Google Customs Service of the Republic of Poland Search Official website in English and Polish Governments on the WWW: Poland Search Links to Polish government sites Institute for Environmental Protection Search An independent government unit for scientific research on environment and particularly of the processes by which it is degraded Kancelaria Prezesa RM Search Chancellery of the Prime Minister (In Polish and English) Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej Search Official site of the Polish Ministry of National Education (In Polish and English) Ministerstwo Finansów RP Search Official site of the Ministry of Finance of Poland (In Polish and English) Ministerstwo Gospodarki Search Official site of the Polish Ministry of Economy (In Polish and English) Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej Search Official site of the Ministry of Defence of Poland (In Polish and English) Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnêtrznych i Administracji Search Official site of the Polish Ministry of Interior and Administration Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwosci Search Official site of the Ministry of Justice (In Polish) Ministerstwo Zdrowia i Opieki Spolecznej (MZiOS) Search Official website of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (in Polish)

95. Poland - Government government, poland. Country name conventional long form Republic of poland conventional short form poland local short form Polska http://www.exxun.com/Poland/d_gv.html

exxun.com america europe africa ... world Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands windows on the world - constantly updated Home Countries Flags Maps ... Advertise with us Poland - Polska EU Member Flag Introduction Map Geography ... Music Translation powered by Google Government Poland Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Poland conventional short form: Poland local short form: Polska local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska Government type: republic Capital: Warsaw Administrative divisions: 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lodzkie, Lubelskie, Lubuskie, Malopolskie, Mazowieckie, Opolskie, Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Pomorskie, Slaskie, Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie, Wielkopolskie, Zachodniopomorskie Independence: 11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed) National holiday: Constitution Day, 3 May (1791) Constitution: 16 October 1997; adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by national referendum 23 May 1997 Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover Communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, but rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final; court decisions can be appealed to the European Court of Justice in Strasbourg Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

96. Rousseau: Government Of Poland CONSIDERATIONS ON THE government OF poland. AND ON ITS PROPOSED REFORMATION. JeanJacques Rousseau. Completed but not published. April 1772. CHAPTER I. http://www.constitution.org/jjr/poland.htm

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE GOVERNMENT OF POLAND AND ON ITS PROPOSED REFORMATION Jean-Jacques Rousseau Completed but not published April 1772 CHAPTER I THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM C OUNT WIELHORSKI'S You love liberty; you are worthy of it; you have defended it against a powerful and crafty aggressor who, under the pretence of offering you the bonds of friendship, was loading you down with the chains of servitude. Now, wearied by the troubles of your fatherland, you are sighing for tranquillity. That can, I think, be very easily won; but to preserve it along with liberty, that is what I find difficult It is in the bosom of the very anarchy you hate that were formed those patriotic souls who have saved you from the yoke of slavery. They were falling into lethargic sleep; the tempest has reawakened them. Having broken the chains that were being prepared for them, they feel the heaviness of fatigue. They would like to combine the peace of despotism with the sweets of liberty. I fear that they may be seeking contradictory things. Repose and liberty seem to me to be incompatible; it is necessary to choose between them. I do not say that things must be left in their present state; but I do say that they must be touched only with extreme circumspection. For the time being you are struck rather by their defects than by their advantages. The day will come, I fear, when you will have a better appreciation of those advantages; and that, unfortunately, will be when they are already lost.

97. Telecommunications: UMTS Auctions Called Off In Poland - Government Activity Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals UMTS auctions called off in poland government Activity Telecommunications, Jan, 2001 by Gregory http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0TLC/is_1_35/ai_69978782

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN all publications this publication Computing Automotive Business Computing Entertainment Health News Reference Sports YOU ARE HERE Articles Telecommunications Jan, 2001 Content provided in partnership with Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals UMTS auctions called off in Poland - Government Activity Telecommunications Jan, 2001 by Gregory Hoelscher EASTERN EUROPE Following much controversy over its 3G licensing procedures, Poland's Communications Ministry cancelled its UMTS auction at the last minute in early December. This was due to the fact that only three bids (from the three local mobile incumbents) were tabled, while five separate licences were originally planned. The Ministry announced that it would issue UMTS licences to each of the three local mobile incumbents and that it would issue a fourth licence 'when legal and market conditions allow'. As described in the October issue of Telecommunications [R] International, the Ministry, having seen the large sums extracted through UMTS auctions in the UK, was in a rush to hold its own auction before yearend 2000, after which Poland's new Telecommunications Act comes into effect which puts a one-year moratorium on licence awards. The three incumbent mobile operators who were issued licenses will still be required to pay [epsilon]650 m each. However, the way in which the Ministry conducted the tender (the short timeframe for its completion as well as its changing terms) discouraged the major global telecom players and foreign investors from taking part.

98. Regional, Europe, Poland: Government Regional, Europe, poland, government MilitaryAir Force Academy in Dªblin Information on, and history of, the academy. Cenzin - State owned company importing and exporting http://www.combose.com/Regional/Europe/Poland/Government/

Top Regional Europe Poland ... Military Related links of interest: Regional:Europe:Government World:Polska:Pa?stwo Agency for Agriculture Market - Performs intervention purchases on the agriculture product market, escpecially in grain, butter and sugar Agency for Industrial Development - State owned company supporting economic transformation of state enterprises, rescheduling their debt and providing loans. Agricultural Property Agency of the State Treasury - Governing and privatizing land and property of former state farms. Announces public tenders for attractive land. Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS) - various data on-line, publications. Chancellery of the Prime Minister - Prime Minister, the Cabinet, Government Information Centre, central and local administration, newsletters, social reforms, archives. Chief Veterinarian Committee for Scientific Research - Provides financial support (grants) for science and research. Polish/English. Government's Plenipotentiary for property left by Russian Army - Investment offer, information about the property offered for sale, located in former Russian military bases in Poland. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Economy - Responsible for industry, trade, tariffs, special economic zones, WTO liaisons, small and medium enterprises, supervising trade counsellors in Polish embassies abroad.

99. Town Of Poland Goverment. WNYRIN Justice. Town of poland government. Outlined below is the government context for the Town of poland and its residents. Beginning http://rin.buffalo.edu/c_chau/juri/polaT/gove/gove.html

DB Search Town of Poland - Government Outlined below is the government context for the Town of Poland and its residents. Beginning with the Town government itself, the public representatives of the Town at all the levels of government may be accessed by clicking on the following links: Municipal Government: Municipal Offices County Government: Chautauqua County Legislature, District 7 Chautauqua County Offices NYS Government: New York State Senate, District #57 New York State Assembly, District #149 New York State Offices Federal Government: US Senate-Clinton US Senate-Schumer US House of Representatives, District #29 Federal Offices ... Contact WNYRIN Western New York Regional Information Network, a program of the at the

100. ZapMeta Directory > Regional > Europe > Poland > Government . government s Plenipotentiary for Investment offer, information about the property offered for sale, located in former Russian military bases in poland. http://www.zapmeta.com/search/meta/db.pl?dir=24183

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