61. Emission Nebulae Part of a site on plasma physics. http://fusedweb.pppl.gov/CPEP/Chart_Pages/5.Plasmas/Nebula/Emission.html

Fusion - Physics of a Fundamental Energy Source Emission Nebulae The Trifid Nebula (There is also a larger rendering.) Photo Credit: David Malin at the Anglo-Australian Observatory ; used with permission - please do not redistribute without permission! (See also the false-color Hubble Telescope image of the Orion Nebula ; this has buttons for text and for either jpeg or gif images. The HII regions (emission nebulae) are so named because they are composed mostly of a plasma of ionized hydrogen (HII) and free electrons. The hydrogen atoms of the interstellar medium are ionized by the ultraviolet radiation from a nearby star or stars. Only very hot stars, typically young stars, have enough radiation in the ultraviolet region at wavelengths necessary to ionize the hydrogen. The excess energy beyond that needed to ionize the hydrogen goes to kinetic energy of the ejected electrons. Eventually, by collision, this energy is shared by other particles in the gas. An equilibrium is established in a typical emission nebula when the temperature equivalent of this kinetic motion is between 7000 K and 20,000 K. For a typical emission nebulae, the density of ions (and electrons) is 1.0E8 to 1.0E10 particles per m^3. As the ions de-excite to lower energy levels, in most cases after recombination of ions with electrons, they emit their characteristic spectral lines. The most prominent of these in the visible spectrum is the red line of hydrogen, giving most emission nebulae a characteristic red glow. There also exist "

62. Physics At Warwick University The Department has an international reputation for its research activities in solid state physics, the physics of materials, and in solar system plasma physics. http://www.phys.warwick.ac.uk/

63. Université De Montréal, Département De Physique, Plasma Physics Faculté des arts et des sciences Département de physique. plasma physics. One can think of plasmas or ionized gases as being the http://www.phys.umontreal.ca/LaRecherche/plasmas_eng.html

Accueil Pour nous joindre Présentation Perspectives d'emploi ... Faculté des arts et des sciences - Département de physique Plasma Physics One can think of plasmas or ionized gases as being the fourth state of matter when considering that, in order of increasing energy, the first three are solids, liquids and gases. If one can succeed in supplying enough energy to a gas, say with an electric field, this can lead to the ionization of its constituent atoms and molecules. The energy spread of plasmas is very large : it goes from the electrical discharges in fluorescent tubes up to the stars. As a matter of fact, 99% of the universe is in the form of plasma. The specific characteristic of a plasma is a medium composed of charged particles (electrons, positive and negative ions) which can thus be strongly influenced by electric and magnetic fields. The group is composed of two professors : HF plasma in the presence of magnetic fields, atmospheric pressure plasma, diagnostic of plasmas (laser-induced fluorescence, electrostatic probes, ion-acoustic and Bernstein waves), plasma etching of materials, numerical modeling. Michel Moisan : design and modeling of HF field applicators, modeling of HF plasmas, design of plasma reactors for surface treatment (polymer and diamond thin film deposition, etching).

64. Lodestar Research Corporation Company specializes in plasma physics research with applications to controlled thermonuclear fusion. Located in Boulder, Colorado. http://www.lodestar.com/

65. Home Page The HIPAS facility is directed by the UCLA plasma physics Laboratory, and is engaged in the study of the ionosphere through the use of high power radio transmissions. http://www.hipas.alaska.edu/

To Introduction Page UCLA HIPAS OBSERVATORY (Hi gh P ower A uroral S timulation) Located 25 miles east of Fairbanks, Alaska The HIPAS facility is directed by the UCLA Plasma Physics Laboratory and is engaged in the study of the ionosphere through the use of high power radio transmissions. Current Projects at HIPAS: ELF/VLF (Extremely Low and Very Low Frequency) electromagnetic (EM) generation by the absorption of Radio Frequency (RF) power in the arctic ionosphere including ion cyclotron excitation. LIDAR active NA layer flourescence and monitoring modified by RF ionosphere heating as new communication scheme. Laser breakdown studies - New project Plasma Torch. Incoherent Scatter Radar - New project using 88 ft. diameter antenna at NOAA Gilmore Creek site 34 km SW of HIPAS as the recieving antenna with transmitter at HIPAS. Remote Sensing. Radio Frequency Ionospheric Heater. Feedback Background photo of aurora by Jackie Pau looking east from the HIPAS bunkhouse. 1 min. exposure, f/2.8 on ASA 200 color print film.

66. Cookies Required plasma physics Reports was founded in 1975 in order to publish papers on comparatively young and extremely fruitful branch of modern science—plasma physics. http://scitation.aip.org/ppr/

What is Scitation? News Contact Us Help Welcome to Scitation. Sign In Register EXIT Home ... SPIN Web Welcome! Sign In Sign up for free Send Feedback ... Learn more about our new features! This service requires a web browser that supports and accepts cookies. You have been redirected to this page for one of the following reasons: You are using a browser that supports cookies, but cookies are disabled. You are using a personal firewall or similar application that rejects cookies even though your browswer is configured to accept them. You are using a browser that does not support cookies. If you require additional assistance setting up your browser to access Scitation, please contact us via e-mail at onlinehelp@aip.org , or by phone (toll-free in the U.S. and Canada) at 1-800-874-6383. How does this system use cookies? In this system, cookies are used in the access control software (login, logoff) to enforce the time-out mechanism (no activity for 15 minutes and a session is automatically terminated). What are cookies exactly? What Do You Think?

67. Microserf Root Web P24 plasma physics Group External Web Server. The Plasma Universe. Maintained by wurden@lanl.gov Copyright © 2000 by P-24 plasma physics (LANL). http://fjwsys.lanl.gov/

P-24 Plasma Physics Group External Web Server The Plasma Universe Magnetic Fusion Experiments at Los Alamos Physics Division at LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory Home Page Los Alamos Section of the IEEE NM Section of the American Vacuum Society Maintained by wurden@lanl.gov © 2000 by P-24 Plasma Physics (LANL). All rights reserved. Revised: 15 Feb 2004 16:45:03 -0700

68. SPPT 2004 Invite you to attend the. 21 st Symposium on plasma physics and Technology. 14.17. June, 2004 Praha, Czech Republic Main Topics http://aldebaran.feld.cvut.cz/sppt/

Young Physicist Fund of the European Physical Society DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, PRAGUE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF PLASMA PHYSICS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, PRAGUE Invite you to attend the st Symposium on Plasma Physics and Technology 14.-17. June, 2004 Praha, Czech Republic Main Topics: Tokamaks and other magnetic confinement devices Short lived plasmas (plasma focus, z-pinch, particle beam - plasma interaction, X-ray sources) Laser plasma Low temperature plasma Plasma technology Types of contributions: Keynote lectures (about 30 + 5 minutes), Oral presentations (limited number 20 + 5 minutes, others 10 + 5 minutes), Posters Selection will be made by programme committee. Language: English Further information: pichal@fel.cvut.cz Satellite meeting “Fourth International Workshop and School”, Kudowa Zdroj, Poland, June 7-13, 2004 Complete proceedings 2000 with hypertext links Contributions 2000 for reprints Complete proceedings 2002 with hypertext links ... Last information

69. Driving Instructions To PPPL Information for visitors and tourists http://www.pppl.gov/about_pppl/pages/driving_instr_pppl.html

Travel Information, Driving Instructions, and Entrance Procedures Travel Information The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is located about two miles north of Princeton University's main campus on U.S. Route #1 at the Forrestal Exit. Below are general driving instructions and area-specific maps. For more detailed travel information go to Princeton University's travel information page. A list of the local inns and motels near Princeton University and the Laboratory can be found here To arrange for a tour of PPPL see PPPL Tour and Speakers Programs. Driving Instructions Exiting Route #1 Exiting Route #1 traveling south: Take the Forrestal Campus/Sayre Drive Exit. At the stop sign at the end of the exit ramp make a left-hand turn. Go under the overpass. Just past the unmanned kiosk make a left-hand turn on to Stellarator Road and follow it for about a mile until you come to the manned entrance booth. The security person will direct you from here. Exiting Route #1 traveling north: Take the Forrestal Campus/Sayre Drive Exit. At the stop sign at the end of the exit ramp make a right-hand turn. Be sure to watch for traffic on your left. Just past the unmanned kiosk make a left-hand turn on to Stellarator Road and follow it for about a mile until you come to the manned entrance booth. The security person will direct you from here. Maps From Newark and Philadelphia International Airports to PPPL in GIF format (view) in PDF format (125 KB) (print) PPPL and surrounding roads in GIF format (view) in PDF format (78 KB) (print) PPPL Site

70. RMKI Department Of Plasma Physics Welcome to the. Department of plasma physics. KFKIResearch Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, Budapest http://www.rmki.kfki.hu/plasma/

Welcome to the Department of Plasma Physics KFKI-Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, Budapest, Hungary Letters: KFKI-RMKI, P.O.Box 49, Budapest-114, H-1525 Tel: (36-1) 392 2519 Fax: (36-1) 395 9151 The Department of Plasma Physics studies phenomena in plasma physics, atomic physics, laser physics and their interdisciplinary fields. Experimental investigations are performed in the laser laboratory of our department and in many other foreign/Hungarian laboratories. Research areas and goals: Interaction of neutral and charged particles and microscopic pieces of solid material with hot plasma. The studies are aimed at: Investigation of processes which determine the motion of these particles in the plasma. Derive different plasma parameters (e.g. temperature, density, magnetic field) by observing the motion of these particles in the plasma. Study how plasma parameters effect the spectrocopically observed atomic stucture. Study of motion and interaction of laser light induced plasmas (laser plasmas). Due to the interaction of the laser light with the plasma, high order harmonic laser light is generated. This is a coherent, ultrashort laser light pulse in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray wavelength range. Investigation of soft X-ray radiation from the laser plasma. Generation of short X-ray pulses.

71. Ignited Plasma In Tokamaks - The IGNITOR Project A proposed nextstep fusion experiment to study burning plasma physics in a relatively small device. This approach is based on the concept of a tokamak with very strong magnetic field, and is under development by an international team of plasma and fusion physicists. http://www.frascati.enea.it/ignitor/

72. Theoretical Plasma Physics Group Research group devoted to theoretical and numerical modeling. University of Alberta, Canada. http://fermi.phys.ualberta.ca/~myatt/plasma/TPP.html

73. ICPP 2002 Home Page ICPP 2004. The 12th International Congress on plasma physics. or visit the ICPP 2004 Conference Web Site. The 11th International Congress on plasma physics, 2002. http://www.ise.canberra.edu.au/ICPP2002/

11th International Congress on Plasma Physics, Sydney, 2002 ICPP2002 Proceedings Announcing ICPP 2004 The 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics will take place in Nice, France, from 25th to 29th October 2004 (the week before the 20th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference in Vilamoura, Portugal) Contact: Dr Michel Chatelier Chairman of ICPP 2004 or visit the ICPP 2004 Conference Web Site The 11th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 2002 Incorporating: 6th Asia Pacific Plasma Theory Conference, Plasma 2002 - 24th AINSE Plasma Science and Technology Conference 6th Japan-Australia Plasma Theory and Computation Workshop. at the Manly Pacific Parkroyal Hotel in Sydney, Australia. 15 to 19 July 2002 The Conference is endorsed by: the Division of Plasma Physics and the Topical Group on Plasma Astrophysics American Physical Society the Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research ICPP2002 thanks the following organisations for their support This Web site is maintained by Andrew Cheetham Last updated: 20 January 2004

74. MainPage Postdoctoral Researcher at Brandeis University. Research interests are computational fluid dynamics, particlesolid and plasma interaction physics, plasma physics, biophysics of membrane proteins. http://people.brandeis.edu/~gennady/

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75. Reflection Nebulae Part of a site on plasma physics. http://fusedweb.pppl.gov/CPEP/Chart_Pages/5.Plasmas/Nebula/Reflection.html

Fusion - Physics of a Fundamental Energy Source Reflection Nebulae The Pleiades (A larger image is also available.) Photo Credit: David Malin at the Anglo-Australian Observatory ; used with permission - please do not redistribute without permission! Reflection nebulae are not glowing plasmas but are visible because of light from nearby bright stars scattering off of dust particles. The nearby star or stars are not hot enough to cause ionization in the gas of the nebula but are bright enough to give sufficient scattering to make the dust visible. Since wavelengths in the blue are scattered more readily than red, reflection nebula tend to have a blue shading. (This is the same scattering process that gives us blue skies and red sunsets.) Among the nicest of the reflection nebulae are those surrounding the stars of the Pleiades. A blue reflection nebula can also be seen in the same area of the sky as the Trifid Nebula On to the Planetary Nebula Page Back to the Emission Nebulae Page Back to the Main Nebula Page Page contributed by G. Samuel Lightner.

76. Applied Physics Department of Applied and plasma physics. plasma physics. The plasma physics group of this Department has traditionally carried out research into fus ion energy. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/plasma/plasma.html

Department of Applied and Plasma Physics The Departments of Applied Physics and Plasma Physics have been joined under the one banner as their research interests have moved closer together. Applied Physics The Applied Physics group of this department undertakes a wide range of tasks which use physics as a means of solving a large number of practical problems. The approach of the Applied group is definitely "hands on". At any one time a large number of experiments are being performed by the staff and students in the group. Here is a brief history of the Applied Physics department. Here is a list of the staff and an outline of many of the projects currently underway. Thin film analysis and deposition. Cathodic arc deposition The optical behaviour of some biological surfaces Electromagnetic Fields in the Community ... Solar Thermal Energy Non Imaging Optics Design of the Olympic Solar Collector Installation Solar Selective Surfaces Evacuated Glazing Crack growth in glass Here is a link to an article by two members of the Applied group about climate change In addition, you can find a calculation kit to

77. Radio And Space Plasma Physics Knitting Patterns The Cooperative UK Twin Auroral Sounding System Clanger knitting pattern. http://ion.le.ac.uk/cutlass/clanger.html

Presents BBC CHILDREN'S TELEVISION CLANGERS by Oliver Postgate Follow these instructions to manufacture your very own Clanger. You won't regret it. Perhaps I'll add a picture of mine when I have nothing better to do... Knitting pattern for a Clanger : Wool Bright Pink Double Knitting (2 ozs.) Needles 1 pr No.12 Body Cast on 12 stitches Wool four rows in st.st. Row 5 : Increase in the first and last st. Row 6 : Purl Repeat rows 5 and 6 until there are 44 sts. (row 36) ending on a purl row Now increase each end of every row until there are 54 sts. (row 41) Now increase each end of knit row until there are 70 sts. (row 57) Armholes P.14 cast off 6 P.30 cast off 6 P.14 (row 58) Row 59 : Inc. in first st. K.13 cast on 6 K.30 cast on 6 K.13 inc. in last st. Now inc. at end of K. rows until there are 78 sts. (row 65) Continue no inc. for 2.5 inches. Shape for bottom 1st row : K.18 K.2tog. K.8 K.2tog. K.18 K.2tog. K.8 K.2tog. K.18 2nd row : Purl 3rd row : K.18 K.2tog. K.7 K.2tog. K.16 K.2tog. K.7 K.2tog. K.18 4th row : Purl 5th row : K.18 K.2tog. K.6 K.2tog. K.14 K.2tog. K.6 K.2tog. K.18

78. WWAPP: 1376 Entries Database from Plasma Laboratory at Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. http://plasma-gate.weizmann.ac.il/cgi-bin/wwapp

WWAPP 1376 entries Welcome to the Database. Our goal is to have an up-to-date information on people working in Atomic and Plasma Physics. We would appreciate any comments or suggestions Do not forget to register! Note: Your registration poses NO obligations. All information from this Database may be used for non-profit purposes only. Search by names or key words Browse entire Database Registration Edit your data ... Delete your entry Running version Plasma Laboratory of Weizmann Institute of Science Maintained by Yuri Ralchenko and Evgeny Stambulchik

79. Plasma Physics Group of the Madison Symmetric Torus Recent MST publications RFP bibliography plasma physics bibliography MHD Dynamo experiment Information for...... http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/plasma.htm

The Plasma Group in the Department of Physics operates the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) and carries out related theoretical and experimental work. The research is supported almost entirely by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences Plasma Group Office 3290 Chamberlin Hall 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390 Tel: 608-262-3595 Fax: 608-262-7205 Secretary: Linda Jones Faculty and Scientists A. Almagri P. L. Andrew J. D. Callen (also EP D. J. Den Hartog G. Fiksel C. B. Forest ... P. W. Terry Additional Information Description of the Madison Symmetric Torus Recent MST publications RFP bibliography Plasma physics bibliography ... National Fusion Energy Science Web Site This document created and maintained by J. C. Sprott Send comments to sprott@physics.wisc.edu

80. Plasma Physics, Atomic Physics, And Astrophysics motion of bodies; atomic collision processes and neutral particle plasma diagnostics; of quasars, neutron stars, and interstellar medium; solar physics, comet and http://www.ioffe.rssi.ru/pti_ppap.html

Research areas: high-temperature plasma (tokamak, plasma-wave interaction, diagnostics) low-temperature plasma (gas discharge, plasma technology, MHD-phenomena, dense plasma dynamics, shock waves) supersonic flows and motion of bodies atomic collision processes and neutral particle plasma diagnostics atomic spectroscopy gas-surface interaction (adsorption, desorption, ionization, elementary structures) theory of quasars, neutron stars, and interstellar medium solar physics, comet and cosmic ray physics, gamma- and X-ray astronomy mass-spectrometry techniques Staff: 332 researchers, including 46 Doctors and 182 Candidates of Sciences Division Officers Director: Michael P. Petrov Deputy Director: Andrei D. Lebedev Executive Secretary: Alexei B. Podlaskin

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