141. Non-Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany General description of this family of terrestrial, herbaceous, homosporous vascular plants, comprising a single genus with about 15 species. Includes photos of several Equisetum species. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/equiset.htm

Equisetaceae Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Equisetum arvense , horsetail. This species normally has the strobilus borne on short, non-green, ephemeral shoots that appear early in the growing season. The green shoots develop later, by which time the fertile shoots usually have wilted. In this population, an aberrant green shoot with a developing strobilus was found long after the normal non-green fertile shoots had senesced. Equisetum hyemale , scouring rush. Whorls of leaves and the terminal strobilus are clearly visible. The amber colored umbrellalike sporangiophores are evident and a few pendulous pale yellowish sporangia are partially visible. Equisetum telmateia , giant horsetail, vic. Newport, OR, 2002. Equisetum x schaffneri (E. giganteum x E. myriophyllum) , horsetail or scouring rush. Note whorled branches. The stems are ribbed and are hollow except at the jointed nodes. Cells in the stem may be silicified or glasslike, contributing to the utility of the stems in scouring pots and pans, a quality that was exploited by pioneers in western North America. Non-Flowering Plant Family Access Page Home Page

142. World Builders 1: Vascular Structures In Plants E Viau CSULA vascular Structures in plants. vascular structures allowed the different parts of the plant to contribute to the good of the whole. http://curriculum.calstatela.edu/courses/builders/lessons/less/les8/vascular.htm

Home Web Links Lesson 8 ... Lesson 8 Vascular Structures in Plants When cells join together to make more complex organisms, they begin to develop specialized functions. They become dependent on one another to supply the energy and nutrients that they need to live. An immediate problem that they have to solve is how to share resources with one another. They need to develop vascular systems. We know that in our own bodies, blood is circulated through veins and arteries. The blood cells bring oxygen and glucose to our cells and take waste products away. Plants also need to circulate fluids through their systems. How do they do this? When plants are single cells, they simply absorb water and nutrients through their cell walls. However, when cells are grouped together, the cells in the interior of the organism are cut off from these resources. The cells on the inside also have no way to dispose of the wastes that they once simply pushed out through the cell wall. The need to develop distribution systems had to be met before more complex organisms could develop. As we learned in Important Landmarks in the Evolution of Land Plants,

143. Erik's Own Cyberspace Home General introduction to the gymnosperms, the group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit). http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/6761/ecycads.htm

If you want to know more about Cycads, you have to know first a little more about the group of plants (gymnosperms) Cycads belong to. If you are only vaguely interested please don't try to read this. If you desperately want to know more about the most trilling plants on the face of this planet ( living fossils ) Read on and wonder about them. There are more species then you know! Enjoy it. I really like to thank the Encyclopaedia Britannica, since most of the informatian of this page came from it. Gymnosperms Introduction GENERAL FEATURES Diversity in size and structure. Among the gymnosperms are plants with stems that may barely project above the ground and others that develop into the largest of trees. Cycads resemble palm trees, with fleshy stems and leathery, featherlike leaves. The tallest cycads reach 19 metres (62 feet). Zamia pygmaea, a cycad native to Cuba, has a trunk less than 10 centimetres (four inches) in height. Of the gnetophytes, Ephedra (joint fir) is a shrub and some species of Gnetum are vines, while the unusual

144. Local Flora: Introduction University of Florida Herbarium Florida Museum of Natural History Local Flora vascular plants of North Central Florida INTRODUCTION. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herbarium/locfl/

Local Flora Vascular Plants of North Central Florida INTRODUCTION Revised by R. Anthony Miller University of Florida Herbarium Florida Museum of Natural History 379 Dickinson Hall PO Box 110575 Gainesville, FL 32611-0575 Web version of Circular 451, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL Intro Ferns Vines Trees and Shrubs ... Herbs The following checklist represents a revision of Local Flora - Vascular Plants of North Central Florida by Dana G. Griffin, III (1978). This checklist was derived from existing lists and expanded through observations made during several University of Florida field courses and a study of records at the University of Florida Herbarium. The names of several species listed in the 1978 publication have been deleted, while those of many previously unlisted species have been added. The primary focus of this revision is the standardization of common names. I do not claim that this checklist is complete, nor do I expect it to be free from error. My intent was to list the more common or biologically interesting species found in north central Florida as a guide for those studying the plant life of the region. I am grateful to the staff of the University of Florida Herbarium for the use of their facilities during the preparation of this checklist. I also greatly appreciate the assistance I have received from many individuals, particularly, Dr. D. G. Griffin and Dr. D. B. Ward. I wish to thank Kent D. Perkins, Collection Manager at the UF Herbarium for his editorial suggestions. Comments regarding editorial matters should be addressed to him.

145. Wisconsin Vascular Plants Species Details Humulus lupulus L. common hop, hops. http://wiscinfo.doit.wisc.edu/herbarium/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=HUMLUP

146. Database Of Tennessee Vascular Plants - TENN Distribution map for Dennstaedtia punctilobula. http://tenn.bio.utk.edu/vascular/database/vascular-database.asp?CategoryID=Pteri

147. CSM Guidance For Vascular Plants This chapter deals with Common Standards Monitoring (CSM) for vascular plants on designated sites, including SSSIs and SACs. vascular plants. Download guidance. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/csm/guidance/vas_plants.htm

Home Search Common Standards Monitoring Common Standards Monitoring Guidance - Species Common Standards Monitoring Statement on CSM Guidance for CSM Introduction ... Lower plants Vascular plants Download guidance This chapter deals with Common Standards Monitoring (CSM) for vascular plants on designated sites, including SSSIs and SACs. It provides guidance on the identification of interest features, attributes and targets. Guidance is provided for all those vascular plant species which qualify as individual notified features or qualify in combination with other vascular plant species according to the Guidelines for selection of biological SSSIs (NCC, 1989), or according to similar guidelines that have been used to select ASSIs, or which appear on the Habitats and Species Directive Annex II. Download guidance Common Standards Monitoring Guidance for Vascular plants (PDF, 618KB)

148. ISB: Atlas Of Florida Vascular Plants Taxonomic data and mapped distribution of this clubmoss from Atlas of Florida vascular plants http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=2895

149. Status And Trends Of Plants On The Colorado Plateau or introduced species is also high; Utah has at least 580 introduced species sharing space with about 2,500 species of indigenous vascular plants. http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/Biota/plants.htm

Search the CP-LUHNA Web pages Biotic Communities Alpine Tundra Subalpine Conifer Forest Quaking Aspen Forest ... Agents of Biotic Change Status and Trends of Plants East Tavaputs Plateau, Utah. Photo © Ray Wheeler The states of New Mexico and Arizona may have the greatest diversity of vascular plant species in the continental United States. New Mexico is estimated to have about 3,900 and Arizona about 3,370 species of flowering plants and ferns. Endemism is high among plants on the Colorado Plateau in Utah, but less high in more southern areas: about 5% of Arizona plant species are endemic (46 species on the Colorado Plateau), and less than 4% in New Mexico (24 are cacti, mostly in the desert regions). The number of nonindigenous or introduced species is also high; Utah has at least 580 introduced species sharing space with about 2,500 species of indigenous vascular plants. The Plateau has some of the highest proportions of globally rare native plants in the country, about 15% of the total taxa, yet northern portions of the Plateau are some of the mostly poorly studied areas for vascular plants. The moss flora of the region, for example, is one of the least known in the United States, and our knowledge of liverworts and hornworts in New Mexico, Arizona and surrounding regions is the poorest in the country.

150. ISB: Atlas Of Florida Vascular Plants Taxonomic data, photographic image and mapped distribution from Atlas of Florida vascular plants. http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=2108

151. Name Criteria - All Species - Scientific Or Informal Names, Species - Informal N selected. Move selection down to plants, vascular, plants, vascular. Move selection down to plants, Nonvascular, plants, Non-vascular. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?init=Species

152. Non-Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany Brief description of this family of terrestrial or epiphytic homosporous, protostelic vascular plants comprising about half a dozen genera and 300 species with images of three species. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/lycopodi.htm

Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiophyta (Microphyllophyta). The Lycopodiaceae are terrestrial or epiphytic homosporous, protostelic vascular plants comprising about half a dozen genera and 300 species. The free-living sporophytic plant body is basically dichotomously branching, consisting of a rhizome with adventitious roots, and an aerial portion with numerous, closely spaced, mostly spirally disposed microphyllous leaves, each with a single vascular trace. Eusporagia are found on the upper surface of the microphylls, either in unmodified shoot axes or in compact strobili. The independent gametophytes are bisexual, and are either irregularly lobed photosynthetic masses, or subterranean, branching structures that lack chlorophyll and require a fungal symbiont. Multiflagellated sperm produced in an antheridium must travel through a film of water to reach the egg of an archegonium in order to initiate the zygote that may develop into the new sporophyte individual. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Lycopodium venustulum , club moss. This is an example of a species that forms peduncled strobili consisting of fertile microphylls.

153. Bio 332 - Vascular Plant Diversity A survey of vascular plants using evolutionary and ecological principles to interpret patterns of diversity in vascular plant form and function. http://academic.reed.edu/biology/courses/BIO332/

Bio 332 - Vascular Plant Diversity Catalog Description Course Staff ... Readings CATALOG DESCRIPTION 332 Vascular Plant Diversity Full course for one semester. A survey of vascular plants using evolutionary and ecological principles to interpret patterns of diversity in vascular plant form and function. Topics include morphological adaptations of plants, the genetic properties of plant populations, plant reproduction and mating system variation, a survey of biotic and abiotic ecological interactions important to flowering plants, and the paleobotany and biogeography of plant species. Laboratory work will include a survey of flowering plant taxonomy with an emphasis on learning elements of the flora of the Pacific Northwest. Laboratory projects will demonstrate methods used for establishing evolutionary relationships, assessing genetic structure in natural populations, and identifying adaptive features of plant form and function, and will include independent research in the laboratory or field. Prerequisite: Biology 101/102. Lecture-laboratory. COURSE STAFF The course is taught by Keith Karoly Keith's Office: B240; ext. 7846

154. Non-Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany Brief description of this monogeneric family of terrestrial or epiphytic heterosporous, protostelic vascular plants with about 700 species and images of three Hawaiian species. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/selaginell.htm

Selaginellaceae Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Selaginella flabellata , small club moss. This is a species with dimorphic microphylls of two sizes on the shoots bearing the strobili. Strobili may be readily seen in photos 1,3, and 4. Very close inspection of the strobili in the 4th photo will reveal a few slightly 4-lobed megasporangia with more distended sporophylls among the more prevalent unlobed microsporangia. Selaginella arbuscula, lepelepe a moa, 1 - Akaka Falls, Hawai'i, 3 - Poamoho Trail, Oahu, endemic to Hawaii. Selaginella deflexa , small club moss. A 3-lobed megasporangium is clearly visible inside the bend in the fertile axis. The smooth, unlobed sporangia are microsporangia. The megasporangia contain 4 large spores in a tetrahedral configuration while the microsporangia contain hundreds of tiny microspores. 1,2 - Pepeopae Bog, Moloka'i, endemic to Hawaii. Selaginella sp., 1, 2 - note bulge with distended microsporophyll at position of megasporangia, 3 - note several smooth-walled orange microsporangia and one larger, greenish "lumpy" megasporangium, 4 - note large white megaspores associated with dehisced megasporangia, H. L. Lyon Arboretum, Manoa Valley, HI, December, 2004. Non-Flowering Plant Family Access Page Home Page

155. ISB: Atlas Of Florida Vascular Plants in Atlas of Florida vascular plants. http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=801

156. ISB: Atlas Of Florida Vascular Plants Taxonomic data and mapped distribution from Atlas of Florida vascular plants. http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=4030

157. ISB: Atlas Of Florida Vascular Plants Taxonomic data, photographic images and mapped distribution from Atlas of Florida vascular plants. http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=3613

158. The Families And Genera Of Vascular Plants The Families and Genera of vascular plants. vascular plants (pteridophytes and seed plants) are the main components of the plant cover of our planet. http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/ialb/herbar/famgen.htm

The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants General Editor: K. Kubitzki Editor for asterid volumes: J.W. Kadereit University of Hamburg University of Mainz Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany Saarstr. 21, 55122 Mainz, Germany e-mail: kubi@botanik.uni-hamburg.de e-mail: kadereit@mail.uni-mainz.de Vascular plants (pteridophytes and seed plants) are the main components of the plant cover of our planet. To date, more than 260,000 species, 14,000 genera and 500 families of vascular plants have been described. The need for a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of this enormous diversity is sharply felt in many fields of pure and applied plant sciences. Such information is required to assess plant diversity correctly and to make prudent use of the plant world as the very basis of human survival and welfare. The series "The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants" has attempted to satisfy this need. Potential authors for families not yet assigned are invited to contact the editor. Guidelines to contributors are also provided.

159. ISB: Atlas Of Florida Vascular Plants Taxonomic data and mapped distribution from Atlas of Florida vascular plants. http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=1448

160. UW-Stevens Point Freckmann Herbarium: Vascular Plants Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium. University of Wisconsin Stevens Point. vascular plants. Skumk-cabbage. The Taxonomy of vascular plants. Download Checklist. http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/VascularPlants.html

Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point Vascular Plants Browse Featured Plant Identification Guides Families Wildflowers Genera Trees ... Shrubs Search Vines Names Aquatic-Semi Aquatic Specimens ... Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Other Resources Town Range Common Spiderwort The Taxonomy of Vascular Plants Ethnobotany Download Checklist Changed: Wisconsin's nomenclature and checklist Found: Only the second known site for Smith's melic grass Melica smithii. New: Dryopteris key and descriptions by Lauren Ebbecke Plants of Wisconsin Botany News/Events Home Links ... Webmaster Last updated June 11, 2004 2950 maps 7156 pictures representing 2596 unique plants Optimized for Internet Explorer-4 or newer

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