81. Flowering Plant Reproduction flowering plants, the angiosperms, were the last of the seed plant groups to evolve, appearing over 100 million years ago during the middle of the Age of http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookflowers.html

FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION: Flower Structure Table of Contents Life Cycles Angiosperms Flowers Links Life Cycles Back to Top Animal life cycles have meiosis followed immediately by gametogenesis. Gametes are produced directly by meiosis. Male gametes are sperm. Female gametes are eggs or ova. The plant life cycle has mitosis occurring in spores , produced by meiosis, that germinate into the gametophyte phase. Gametophyte size ranges from three cells (in pollen ) to several million (in a "lower plant" such as moss). Alternation of generations occurs in plants, where the sporophyte phase is succeeded by the gametophyte phase. The sporophyte phase produces spores by meiosis within a sporangium . The gametophyte phase produces gametes by mitosis within an antheridium (producing sperm) and/or archegonium (producing eggs). Within the plant kingdom the dominance of phases varies. Nonvascular plants , the mosses and liverworts, have the gametophyte phase dominant. Vascular plants show a progression of increasing sporophyte dominance from the ferns and "fern allies" to angiosperms. The above image is reduced from gopher://wiscinfo.wisc.edu:2070/I9/.image/.bot/.130/Angiosperm/Angiosperm_life_cycle

82. Biological Diversity 6 Image from http//www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/gne_gne.jpg. Angiosperms are flowering plants Back to Top. All flowering plants produce flowers. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_6.html

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: SEED PLANTS Table of Contents Gymnosperms are Seed Plants Cycads Ginkgos Conifers ... Links Gymnosperms are Seed Plants Back to Top Gymnosperms have seeds but not fruits or flowers. Gymnos means naked, sperm means seed: gymnosperm = naked seeds. Gymnosperms developed during the Paleozoic Era and became dominant during the early Mesozoic Era . There are 700 living species placed into four divisions: conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetales (such as Ephedra The fossil records of some protist and plant groups. The width of the shaded space is an indicator of the number of species. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology , 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Gymnosperms are undoubtedly the group from which the angiosperms developed, although, as Charles Darwin noted in Origin of Species , which group "remains an abominable mystery". Numerous gymnosperm groups have been proposed as flowering plant ancestorts over the past century. Cycads Back to Top Cycads retain some fern-like features, notably pinnate leaves and circinate vernation. However, they (usually) produce

83. Chamaedorea Elegans Photographs of plants and flowering shoots. http://www.dipbot.unict.it/orto/0169-1.html

Front Index A B ... Z Chamaedorea elegans Mart. (Palmae) Synonims: Collinia elegans Liebm.; Neanthe elegans (Mart.) O. F. Cook Front Index A B ... Z Chamaedorea elegans Mart. (Palmae) Synonims: Collinia elegans Liebm.; Neanthe elegans (Mart.) O. F. Cook

84. Botany 3700 Home Page flowering plants Botany 3700 California State University Stanislaus Spring 2004 Dr. Steven J. Wolf. http://arnica.csustan.edu/boty3700/

Flowering Plants Botany 3700 California State University Stanislaus Spring 2004 Dr. Steven J. Wolf Instructor Materials Course Syllabus Lecture Notes Fruit Key CSU Stanislaus Botany Image Collection ... Search the CSU Stanislaus Herbarium Herbarium Label Here is the proper format for your herbarium labels. Calendar Dr. Wolf's schedule Virus Scan Before handing in any floppy disk to Dr. Wolf run a virus scan on it. Use the free PC-Cillin HouseCall service. You must be using Windows Internet Explorer. Let the program install itself, check the floppy drive box and click the scan button. Maps Expedia.com provides maps of the United States. TopoZone contains online topographic maps of the entire United States. Warning : these are big and slow to load, it is recommended that you access them from a fast connection. U.S.G.S.Geographic Names Information System contains information about almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features in the United States. Topo Maps for our field trips, print and bring with you in the field:

85. Cypripedium - Vermont Ladyslipper Company Specializing in laboratory propagated Cypripediums. All plants near flowering and flowering size. http://www.vtladyslipper.com

Now Accepting Orders For Shipment in Autumn 2004 ! Updated May 27, 2004 See the Cypripediums For Sale area of this website for Available Species For shipment in Autumn(October-mid November) 2004. Thank You for your patronage! Specializing in the genus Cypripedium Welcome to our web site! Vermont Ladyslipper Company specializes in laboratory propagated Cypripediums. Commonly known as Lady Slippers. This site includes Cypripedium species we currently have available for sale. Stop by our site often to see other Cypripedium species we will be introducing for sale. 100% Lab propagated Cypripediums! How to Order, Shipping, Terms, Forms Info about Gift Ordering, Shipping, Terms, Forms Inquiries, Ordering Help A Friendly Warning ! A graphics intensive page but well worth a visit! News of Vermont Ladyslipper Company Click Here to find some of the Lady Slipper questions most frequently asked of us. Some of our thoughts on Conservation Cypripedium Reginae or Showy Lady Slipper: Photo by Brad Howe © Created: June 23, 1999

86. Nearctica - Natural History - Plants - Flowering Plant Families A-K plants. You will also find information on similar looking plants, treatment of the rash caused by these plants, and the erradication of the plants. http://www.nearctica.com/nathist/vascular/pfama-k.htm

Plants Families A - K Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Buy Books about Plants AGAVACEAE (YUCCAS AND AGAVES) Agavaceae and Related Families . David Bogler. An introduction to the agaves and yuccas with particular emphasis on systematics. The Agave Page . Fred Dekkers. Photographs of several species of Agave. ANACARDIACEAE (POISON IVY, SUMACS, ETC.) Poison Ivy, Western Poison Ivy, Poison Sumac . Gerald Mulligan. This excellent page contains photographs and information about these three poisonous species of Rhus with their ecology and distribution. You will also find information on similar looking plants, treatment of the rash caused by these plants, and the erradication of the plants. Poison Ivy, Sumac, and Oak

87. Integrative Biology (PLBIO) 260 Systematics of flowering plants. It includes a survey of selected flowering plant families and provides information on their interrelationships. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/260/

Welcome to Integrative Biology 260 Systematics of Flowering Plants Effective Fall 2004 this course will be called Systematics of Plants (IB 335) to reflect the new Banner course title and number General Course Announcements Research and ... Syllabus About the Course: Intergrative Biology 260 (formerly Plant Biology 260 and soon to be Integrative Biology 335) introduces the principles and methods of identifying, naming, and classifying flowering plants. It includes a survey of selected flowering plant families and provides information on their interrelationships. The course meets three times a week for lecture, and once a week for a two hour lab. In the spring of 2004, it is taught by Stephen R. Downie and Kenneth R. Robertson Some Useful Links: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Main Page Map to Room 180 Bevier Hall for classroom Map to Room 408 Natural History Building for laboratory Map to Morrill Hall for office of S. Downie Map to Natural Resources Building for office of K. Robertson University Academic Calendar Spring 2004 UIUC Final Examination Schedule UIUC Courses Catalog Academic Integrity. Code of Polices and Regulations Applying to All Students ... Dr. Mom's Guide to College Links to Other WWW Systematic Courses Maryland SIU Colby TAMU ... Stanislaus Other Links of Importance to Systematists Mo Bot Gardens NY Bot Garden Phylogenetics Tree of Life ... Cultivar.Org

88. Welcome To J. C. Bakker & Sons Ltd. Wholesale Nurseries Growers of shade trees, evergreens, flowering shrubs, rose bushes, and ornamental plants. http://www.jcbakker.com

89. Weeds And Co Perennials A nursery with display gardens featuring flowering perennials, with a list of plants available with prices. http://weedsandco.tripod.com/perennials/

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Check out the NEW Hotbot Tell me when this page is updated workshops our plants A-B ... Contact Us weeds and co perennials The front garden in september EASY AND UNUSUAL PLANTS FOR THE PERENNIALGARDEN We are a small perennial growing operation , that turned a passion into a business. With almost an acre of display gardens we grow most of what we sell. Our gardens are open for you to wander through and see the plants growing that we sell. Most of our prices are staying the same for 2004 and we are in the process of adding many new varieties to our plantlist. We have renovated our barn over the winter and will be holding perennial workshops during the spring and summer. We are open 7 days a week from may until august from 10am until 5 pm . We are located on 47017 Roberts line in Sparta Ontario To find us head south from Sparta , the first road you come to is Roberts line . Turn left here and you will find us about one mile down the road. Look for the signs. Please get in touch to offer comments and join our mailing list for sales and specials!

90. Flowers We carry the following types of Flowers/plants/Trees. GINGERS, Alpinias. Plumeria. flowering plants AND TREES, Flower plants and Trees. Fruiting plants and Trees. http://www.alohatropicals.com/flowers.html

Home Flowers, Shipping Orders ... Books We carry the following types of Flowers/Plants/Trees GINGERS Alpinias Costus Curcuma Hedychiums ... Zingibers CALATHEAS Calathea MUSA ORNAMENTAL BANANAS Musa Ornamental Banana Musa Banana (Fruiting) HELICONIA Heliconia Pendant Heliconia PLUMERIA Plumeria FLOWERING PLANTS AND TREES Flower Plants and Trees Fruiting Plants and Trees Tropical Shrubs PASSIFLORAS Passifloras (Vines) NERIUM (OLEANDER) Nerium (Oleander) ORCHIDS Orchids PALMS AND CYCADS Palms and Cycads CORDYLIN TERMINALIS (TI) Cordyline Terminalis (Ti) CANNAS Cannas TROPICAL VINES Tropical Vines ANTHURIUMS Anthuriums STROMANTHEA FAMILY Stromanthea

91. Chamaedorea Oblongata Photographs of plants and flowering shoots. http://www.dipbot.unict.it/orto/0301-1.html

Front Index A B ... Z Chamaedorea oblongata Mart. (Palmae) Front Index A B ... Z Chamaedorea oblongata Mart. (Palmae)

92. Botany Online: Features Of Flowering Plants How to Identify plants. Important Features of flowering plants. flowering plants (Angiospermae) represent one of the largest groups of primary producers. http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/biologie/b_online/e02/02.htm

How to Identify Plants. Important Features of Flowering Plants The Stem Roots Leaves Flowers ... Literature Flowering plants (Angiospermae) represent one of the largest groups of primary producers. Their contribution to the production of oxygen as well as that to the nutriment of animals and man is consequently very large. All features reviewed in this chapter refer to seed-producing plants, also called spermatophytes. Typically, flowering plants are organized into an underground root and a shoot above ground that consists itself of a stem and leaves . The organs of a plant that serve sexual reproduction are the flowers . Part of the pollinated flower ripens and becomes the fruit In contrast to many other plant groups, flowering plants are striking, numerous and common. They are the most important group of the so-called primary producers that generate the prerequisite for life on earth: oxygen. Green plants have the ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy (photosynthesis) producing the oxygen necessary for all other organisms as a by-product. The useable plants among the flowering plants are - directly or indirectly - the basis of human existence; they are, too, an important economical factor. A basic knowledge of flowering plants should therefore be among everybody's general knowledge. Much has been written about flowering plants and every reader of this chapter will miss something that he regards worth knowing, while he might find other information trivial. But everybody will understand that it is impossible to review in a few lines a theme about which an extensive, partly popular scientific literature exists. And although this term may sometimes be used in a disparaging way, most of the popular scientific literature is scientifically correct, lucid and, above all, very well illustrated.

93. Tropical Plants Logee's Greenhouses Offers a sampling of many rare and unusual flowering plants for home, sunroom, patio, and conservatory display. http://www.logees.com/

Sorry, our site is only accessible with a frames-enabled browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or This Store Powered by SiteLINK . © Dydacomp 1999.

94. Flowering Plants Wayne s Word GeeWhiz Trivia For March 1998. Diversity Of flowering plants. flowering plants (angiosperms) comprise about 90 percent of the Kingdom Plantae. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/trmar98.htm

Wayne's Word Index Noteworthy Plants Trivia ... Search Wayne's Word Gee-Whiz Trivia For March 1998 Diversity Of Flowering Plants Flowering Plants Have Literally Colonized The Continents And Islands Of The Earth F lowering plants (angiosperms) comprise about 90 percent of the Kingdom Plantae. The total number of described species exceeds 230,000, and many tropical species are as yet unnamed. During the past 130 million years, flowering plants have colonized practically every conceivable habitat on earth, from sun-baked deserts and windswept alpine summits to fertile grasslands, freshwater marshes, dense forests and lush mountain meadows. Although a number of flowering plants live in aquatic habitats and have adapted to the saline conditions of dry lake beds and salt marshes, relatively few species live submersed in the oceans. True marine angiosperms are found throughout the oceans of the world, although most species are distributed in tropical regions. They are sometimes referred to as "seagrasses" and include about 50 species in 12 genera. The Amazing Marine Seagrasses T he three largest flowering plant families containing the greatest number of species are the sunflower family (Asteraceae) with about 24,000 species, the orchid family (Orchidaceae) with about 20,000 species, and the legume or pea family (Fabaceae) with 18,000 species. The total number of species for these three enormous families alone is approximately 62,000, roughly 25 percent of all the flowering plant species on earth. To put it another way, if you randomly lined up all the species of flowering plants on earth, every fourth one would be an orchid, a sunflower or a legume. The state of California (where WAYNE'S WORD is based) includes about 5,000 native and naturalized species, and 41 percent of these species belong to the following six plant families: sunflower family (Asteraceae), grass family (Poaceae), legume family (Fabaceae), snapdragon family (Scrophulariaceae), mustard family (Brassicaceae), and sedge family (Cyperaceae).

95. Montana Plant Life - Flora And Identification Of Edible, Medicinal And Poisonous Articles, images, and information on flowering, medicinal, edible, and poisonous plants of Montana. http://montana.plant-life.org/

Welcome to Montana Plant Life! This web site presents a wide variety of Montana wildflowers and other plants growing in the wilds of Montana. The flora of Montana is very varied and contains many species which range extends from the Pacific Northwest region as well as from the Great Plains. The site includes edible plants, medicinal plants as well as poisonous plants with sub-categories for edible roots, poisonous berries etc. Choices can also be made for displaying introduced vs. native plants and weeds. On the left menu there are indexes for english and scientific names, plus all presented species ordered after families. There are also lists for flowering month and plant types, for a total of 31 different indexes. Each presented species has its own page with pictures, a full description and, if applicable, information about edibility, medicinal and poisonous properties. The plant search engine from the title bar above can be used to search the entire plant identification database for any words or phrases, for example "lily", "arthritis", "Lewisia", "cancer" etc. If a name is not found in the indexes, it can often be found from a search instead. Each presented plant family has its own page with a description of its unique characteristics plus a plant identification online guide with pictures, short descriptions and links to the species that belong to it. The menu on the title bar above is the main navigation of the site. On the plant identification page, flower color, number of petals, leaf type etc. can be selected to find an unknown plant. This unique online plant identification system uses easy choices and images instead of a traditional plant identification key to arrive at the correct species. The site is created with the intent that anybody, without much prior knowledge about botany, should be able to identify and find information about Montana wildflowers and plants in general from the Montana flora. Therefore the guides on each family and genus page have also been set up to use easily recognizable features about the plants and, in addition, the images can be used to find the correct species.

96. Parasitic Flowering Plants Noteworthy plants For November 1999. Parasitic flowering plants. flowering plants That Live On Other plants. References About Heterotrophic flowering plants. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plnov99.htm

Wayne's Word Index Noteworthy Plants Trivia ... Search Noteworthy Plants For November 1999 Parasitic Flowering Plants Flowering Plants That Live On Other Plants Under Construction: More Information And Photos To Come W hen one organism steals all of its food from another organism's body it is called a parasite. The organism who is being robbed of its food supply is called the host. The parasitic mode of existence can be found throughout the kingdoms of life, from bacteria and fungi to insects, arachnids and worms. Parasitism has also evolved in many families of flowering plants. Some heterotrophic flowering plants get their nutrition from mycorrhizal soil fungi that are in turn attached to the roots of forest trees. These interesting plants are called mycotrophic wildflowers or mycoheterotrophs and are discussed in another article called fungus flowers . True plant parasites can be hemiparasitic (semiparasitic) with photosynthetic leaves (such as mistletoe), or holoparasitic and completely dependent on their host (such as dodder). Some stem parasites, such as a local southern California desert native ( Pilostyles thurberi ), are endoparasitic and live completely within the stems of their host. The only part of

97. The Families Of Flowering Plants - Index A taxonomical database with descriptions and illustrations of each family. http://www.biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/angio/

The Families of Flowering Plants L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz Index Introduction Citation Acknowledgements References ... Identification and Information Retrieval (Windows 95/NT or later) Brief Descriptions as an MS-Word Document Character List Implicit Attributes Descriptions The bold-italic parts are diagnostic descriptions, generated with the aid of Intkey (Dallwitz et al. 1993). They distinguish most taxa in at least two respects from the other taxa. A B C D ... Z A Acanthaceae Juss. Aceraceae Juss. Achariaceae Harms Achatocarpaceae Heimerl. ... Avicenniaceae Endl. ex Schnizl. B Balanitaceae Endl. Balanopaceae Benth. Balsaminaceae DC. Barbeuiaceae (Baill.) Nak. ... Byblidaceae Domin C Cabombaceae A. Rich. Cactaceae Juss. Calectasiaceae S.L. Endlicher Callitrichaceae Link ... Cyrillaceae Endl. D Daphniphyllaceae Muell. Arg. Dasypogonaceae Dum. Datiscaceae Lindl. Davidiaceae Takht. ... Dysphaniaceae (Pax) Pax E Ebenaceae Gurke Ehretiaceae Lindl. Elaeagnaceae Juss. Elaeocarpaceae DC. ... Euryalaceae J.G. Agardh F Fagaceae Dum. Flacourtiaceae DC. Flagellariaceae Dum. Foetidiaceae (Niedenzu) Airy Shaw ... Fumariaceae DC. G Garryaceae Lindl.

98. Plant Glossary - EnchantedLearning.com ANGIOSPERM (pronounced ANjee-oh-sperm) Angiosperms (meaning covered seed ) are flowering plants. In flowering plants, the bud develop in the axil of a leaf. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/glossary/

EnchantedLearning.com is a user-supported site. As a bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. Click here to learn more. (Already a member? Click here. Plant Printouts EnchantedLearning.com Botany and Paleobotany Dictionary Plants A B C D ... Z Click on an underlined word for more information on that subject. If the plant term you are looking for is not in the dictionary, please e-mail us A ABAXIAL Abaxial means being located on the side away from the axis . The abaxial surface of a leaf is its underside. ABSCISIC ACID Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits growth, causes the abscission of leaves, induces dormancy, closes stomata, and triggers other phenomena in response to adverse conditions. ABSCISSION Abscission is the normal separation of a leaf , fruit, or flower from a plant. Abscisic acid is the plant hormone involved in abscission. ABSCISSION ZONE The abscission zone is the area at the base of leaf's petiole, a fruit stalk, or a branch in which the separation (abscission) layer develops. The disintegration of this layer causes a leaf , fruit, or flower to fall from a plant. Abscisic acid is the plant hormone involved in this process.

99. Plant Printouts - EnchantedLearning.com Or go to the answers. Bee Cloze A fillin-the blanks printout about bees, important pollinators of flowering plants. Or go to the answers. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/printouts.shtml

EnchantedLearning.com is a user-supported site. As a bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. Click here to learn more. (Already a member? Click here. Plant Printouts EnchantedLearning.com Botany and Paleobotany Dictionary Plants A B C D ... Z Click on an underlined word for more information on that subject. If the plant term you are looking for is not in the dictionary, please e-mail us Plant Printouts Apple Shape Book A short book about apples to print, with pages on Johnny Appleseed, how to say apple in many languages, the seasons to label, apple facts, and apple questions. APPLESEED, JOHNNY Johnny Appleseed was a legendary man who spread apple trees through the USA. His real name was John Chapman, but he was called Johnny Appleseed because of his love for growing apple trees BULB A bulb is an underground stem, usually globular, that has fleshy leaves emerging from the top and roots emerging from the bottom. The fleshy leaves store food. Examples include the tulip, narcissus, and onion. FLOWER The flower is the reproductive unit of angiosperms. Flowers usually have

100. Fritillaria Pallidiflora Photographs of flowering plants in a meadow. http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/plants/magnoliophyta/magnoliophytina/liliop

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