21. Biology 201 Botany Of Seed Plants 19Oct, Tue, plant anatomy ­ Stems, Secondary Growth, Ch 27. 22-Oct, Fri, plant cellularstructure, Review of Cytology, 25-Oct, Mon, cell structure Function, Control of http://www.goshen.edu/bio/biol201/sylb201.html

BIOLOGY COURSE MATERIALS MERRYLEA Botany of Seed Plants Biology 201 3pm, MWF Tue 8am-9:50 Offered Fall Semester, 2004 4 Cr Hours Instructor: Dr. Larry Yoder, Merry Lea Office: Merry Lea Phone: 219 799 5869 (Merry Lea) E-mail: larryry@goshen.edu Time: One-hour sessions are scheduled for M,W,F at 3pm; and a two hour session is set for Tuesdays beginning at 8am. Textbook: Raven, Evert and Eichhorn. Biology of Plants. 1999. 6th edition. Worth Publishers, NY, NY. Used copies are fine Larry Yoder has been on the staff of Merry Lea since 1981. Prior to that time he was Associate Professor of Botany at The Ohio State University's Marion Campus. Yoder received his PhD in botany from Indiana University. His studies focused on plant anatomy and morphology. Photo Gallery Purpose What Happens in Class Evaluation (Tests) ... Schedule NOTE TO BOTANISTS: About the Course...

22. Course Descriptions method, biological molecules, cell structure and function, histology, metabolism,anatomy and physiology molecular genetics, survey of plant and animal http://www.wvutech.edu/biology/course Information/course descriptions.htm

Biology Department Home Page WVUIT Home Page WVUIT Catalog, Biology Course Descriptions BIOL-111 GENERAL BIOLOGY (Both 4) 4 (ENGL-100 or ENGL-101 or §) A comprehensive introduction course investigating the major areas of modern biological inquiry. Scientific method, biological molecules, cell structure and function, histology, metabolism, anatomy and physiology of animal. Vertebrate dissection required. BIOL-112 GENERAL BIOLOGY (Both 4)4 (BIOL-111) A continuation of BIOL-111. Principles of inheritance, molecular genetics, survey of plant and animal diversity, evolution, and ecology. Plant anatomy and physiology. Dissection required. BIOL-231 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (For nursing students only; others by departmental permission) (Part of an eight hour sequence) Biological principles including biochemistry, cytology histology, musculoskeletal and nervous systems. Mammal dissection required. BIOL-232 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (BIOL-201) (Part of an eight hour sequence) Continuation of BIOL-201 with coverage of regulatory, circulatory, lymphatic, digestive, respiratory, urogenital, and integrative systems. Dissection of mammal required.

23. Lab I - Plant Structure (1) This lab reviews plant structure, especially cell and tissue For a more comprehensivereview of plant anatomy and morphology, consult the following http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/IB181/VPL/Ana/Ana1.html

The morphology and anatomy of fossil plants contains a wealth of information on the function, physiology, ecology, and life habit of ancient plants. Plant morphology can also yield clues to taxonomic and evolutionary relationships. Consequently, background in plant structure is a prerequisite for studying land plant evolution. This lab reviews plant structure, especially cell and tissue types, and the arrangement of the vascular system. We provide only the most basic information here. For a more comprehensive review of plant anatomy and morphology, consult the following references: Bierhorst, D.W. 1971. Morphology of Vascular Plants. . MacMillan, New York. Esau, K. 1965. Plant Anatomy, second edition. Wiley, New York. Foster, A. and E.M. Gifford. 1974. Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants. . Freeman, San Francisco. Raven, P.H., R.F. Evert, and H. Curtis. 1981. Biology of Plants. , third edition. Worth, New York. Basic Organization Compared with animals, plants have a relatively simple design. Most land plants consist of a stem or axis , which functions for support and contains the conducting tissues of the plant. The stem usually supports light-gathering and photosynthetic structures called

24. Duckweed Anatomy - The Frond Duckweed anatomy the structure of Duckweed Fronds from the work of Elias Landolt. Theanatomy of a plant is shaped by cell walls that give the plant its http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/duckweed-anatomy.htm

Duckweed Anatomy: the Structure of Duckweed Fronds from the work of Elias Landolt Details of a Lemna Plant Schematic Diagrams ... See inside the plant The anatomy of a plant is shaped by cell walls that give the plant its structural framework. Studying the framework of the plant will help you understand how it is organized and grows. The illustrations on this page show details of duckweed anatomy that cannot be seen by casual observation. The first two sections have diagrams illustrating the relationships among the fronds in a typical cluster. To understand these diagrams it is important to keep in mind that the duckweed plants consists of a cluster of fronds descended from a single mother frond. You can view the hidden framework inside a duckweed plant using a simple chemical treatment. Read how. Photo from Landolt, 1986, used with permission. Click on any image for a magnified view. Above Right: Cleared specimen of Landoltia (Spirodela) punctata , stained to reveal the cell walls, photographed from below (ventral view). A = tissue ( prophyllum ) covering the point of attachment of the roots, B = root cap.

25. Plant Cell Biology Research Group - Teaching - Practical Exercises In Morphology of sessions, basic functional anatomy of the the relationship between structure andfunction in plants. Construction and use of the microscope, cell structure. http://www.uni-giessen.de/~gf1114/rgvbel/teaching/morphologyanatomyspermatophyte

Plant Cell Biology Research Group Teaching Introductory lectures and courses Exercises in morphology and functional anatomy of spermatophytes (compulsory basic course, 1st semester) In a number of sessions, basic functional anatomy of the seed plants is taught through an introductory lecture and associated practical exercises. Each session is concluded by a plenary discussion. The general focus is on the relationship between structure and function in plants. The sessions include the following themes: a. Construction and use of the microscope, cell structure. Procedures for staining cell organelles, cells and tissues. pH and osmolarity of cells. b. Structure and functions of membranes. Structure and functions of the cell wall. The cell as an osmotic system. Plasmolysis and experiments on osmotic events using tissues, isolated cells and protoplasts. c. Germination and growth. The life cycle of the plant. Embryonic and seed development. Mobilisation of the reserve materials of the seed and the enzymatic breakdown processes involved. Growth and development of monocot and dicot seedlings. d. The root. Root ontogeny. Vertical zonation and horizontal differentiation. Functional analysis of the calyptra and the respective rootzones. Structure-function relationships of various cells and tissues. Gravitropism, water and mineral uptake, selection by the endodermis. Apoplast, symplast. Root hairs and hair roots. Vascular bundles, xylem and phloem.

26. PLANTANATSYLLABUS2003 plant anatomy. At Nobel Science Library Copy Center, 2nd floor, NOT BOOKSTORE! WAug 27, The hierarchy of plant structure, F Aug 29, cell wall, 3540. http://lifesciences.asu.edu/plb306/PLANTANATSYLLABUS2003.html

PLANT ANATOMY * Plant Biology 306/ 590 Fall Semester 2003 Lecture : MWF 9:40 10:30 LSE S36 Laboratory: W OR TH 1:40 4:30 LSE S36 Course Instructor: Kathleen B. Pigg, LSE 744, 745, MW 1-2; kpigg@asu.edu; TA: Maria Tcherepova: LSE 745, maria.tcherepova@asu.edu Text (required): Mauseth, J. D. 1988. Plant anatomy. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Menlo Park, CA. Website for text: http://www.esb.utexas.edu/mauseth/weblab/ Laboratory manual (required): Pigg, K. B. 2003. Plant Anatomy. At Nobel Science Library Copy Center, 2nd floor, NOT BOOKSTORE! O ptional: An introductory botany textbook is optional. Many students find one useful. Similar information will be available from websites. Course website: http://lifesciences.asu.edu/plb306 LECTURE SCHEDULE: Week Date Topic Readings in Tex t M Aug 25 Introduction W Aug 27 The hierarchy of plant structure F Aug 29 Cell wall M Sept 1 Labor Day no class W Sept 3 F Sept 5 Parenchyma M Sept 8 Collenchyma W Sept 10 Sclerenchya F Sept 12 Sclerenchyma M Sept 15 Epidermis W Sept 17 Epidermis; Cuticle

27. Plant Molecular Biology Group of phytophagous insects, protein structurefunction relationships Gates Crop Botany;plant anatomy, plant taxonomy, plant Nick Harris plant cell Biology; barley http://www.dur.ac.uk/biological.sciences/PlantMolBiol/PMB.html

FAST FIND Main areas of expertise: Crop Protection Development Metabolism Research Topics Staff Some current research topics in plant molecular biology and biochemistry: phytoalexin metabolism in legumes glutathione transferases and plant stress genetic engineering of plants for insect resistance genetic engineering of plants for nematode resistance biochemical bases of plant-insect interactions insecticidal plant proteins isolation of genes involved in plant defence against insects and other pests isolation of insect genes targetted by plant defences control of storage protein gene expression in developing pea seeds molecular biology of pea fruits ethical and environmental issues in biotechnology pollen physiology and genetics crop development in arid areas plant cell structure and development ultrastructural studies on barley malting quality ultrastructural studies of developing embryos in plants pod shatter in Brassica stomata plant growth physiology biology of flavones genetic bases of plant development promoter tagging production of mutants to investigate plant development chemotaxis and motility in Agrobacterium tumefaciens biocontrol agents gene expression ancient crop DNA molecular biology and biochemistry of plant lipid metabolism genomic and cDNA cloning of enoyl ACP reductases cloning of plant acetyl CoA carboxylase genes cDNA and genomic cloning of ketoacyl ACP reductase purification and characterisation of plant condensing enzyme complementation cloning of plant fatty acid synthesis genes in

28. Plant Molecular Biology Group targetting, plant transformation, cell wall proteins insects, protein structurefunctionrelationships Dr Gates Crop Botany; plant anatomy, plant taxonomy, plant http://www.dur.ac.uk/biological.sciences/Research/PlantMolBiol/PMB.html

FAST FIND Main areas of expertise: Crop Protection Development Metabolism Research Topics Staff Some current research topics in plant molecular biology and biochemistry: phytoalexin metabolism in legumes glutathione transferases and plant stress genetic engineering of plants for insect resistance genetic engineering of plants for nematode resistance biochemical bases of plant-insect interactions insecticidal plant proteins isolation of genes involved in plant defence against insects and other pests isolation of insect genes targetted by plant defences control of storage protein gene expression in developing pea seeds molecular biology of pea fruits ethical and environmental issues in biotechnology pollen physiology and genetics crop development in arid areas plant cell structure and development ultrastructural studies on barley malting quality ultrastructural studies of developing embryos in plants pod shatter in Brassica stomata plant growth physiology biology of flavones genetic bases of plant development promoter tagging production of mutants to investigate plant development chemotaxis and motility in Agrobacterium tumefaciens biocontrol agents gene expression ancient crop DNA molecular biology and biochemistry of plant lipid metabolism genomic and cDNA cloning of enoyl ACP reductases cloning of plant acetyl CoA carboxylase genes cDNA and genomic cloning of ketoacyl ACP reductase purification and characterisation of plant condensing enzyme complementation cloning of plant fatty acid synthesis genes in E. coli

29. Courses and concepts scientific method, biological chemistry, cell structure function principlesand concepts evolution of plants, plant anatomy reproduction http://www.brenau.edu/shs/sciences/courses.htm

BRENAU UNIVERSITY Department of Mathematics and Sciences From the Chair Biology ... Environmental Studies Courses Faculty School of Health and Science Courses Biology BY 101 I Biological Science(4) BY 102 II Biological Science(4) Prerequisite: BY 101 or permission of the instructor. BY 111H I Honors Biological Science(4) BY 112H II Honors Biological Science Prerequisite: BY 111H or permission of the instructor. BY 301 Genetics A study of the nature and function of hereditary materials, the genetic code, the physical basis of inheritance, molecular genetics, cell cycles, Mendelian and Neomendelian genetics. BY 302 Ecology A study of the interrelationships of organisms with their physical and living environment. The course emphasizes a holistic examination of the natural world and stresses a systems approach to understanding nature. Laboratory includes local fieldtrips. Course may include two weekend fieldtrips. BY 304 Plant Sciences A course designed to acquaint the student with the major plant divisions, their biology, role in the ecosystem, and economic significance. The laboratory will include fieldtrips to study taxonomic and ecological aspects of regional flora. Emphasis is placed on plants native to the Appalachian Mountains and Piedmont area of Georgia.

30. BOTONY AT A GLANCE though satisfactory techniques for histology, anatomy, and cytology magnificationof the structure of plant cells and tissues fine structure of the cell and of http://www.westgodavari.org/GMCPARK/webcheck/Botony.htm

BOTONY BOTONY AT A GLANCE Knowledge of the fine structure of plant cells has enabled investigators to determine the sites of important biochemical activities, especially those involved in the transfer of energy during photosynthesis and respiration. The scanning electron microscope, a relatively recent development, provides a three-dimensional image of surface structures at very great magnifications. For experimental research on the morphogenesis of plants, isolated organs in their embryonic stage, clumps of cells, or even individual cells are grown. One of the most interesting techniques developed thus far permits the growing of plant tissue of higher plants as single cells; aeration and continuous agitation keep the cells suspended in the liquid culture medium. MUSEUM Museum specimens of different types of leaves, roots, stems, tubers and cones. . Models exhibited to measure plant growth, Conducting tissues and cells, Root modifications. BIO- VISUAL ISING CHARTS Bio-visual charts explaining the modifications of Stems

31. KVL Course Descriptions cell biology). Interactions between cells and tissues are guidedand limited by the plant structure (anatomy). During growth, a http://campus01.kvl.dk/presentation/presentation.asp?menulanguage=dk&coursecode=

32. Assigned Readings cell wall structure. The Walls of Growing plant cells. plant Organs. Stems. Waterand the evolution of plants. structure of water. Review of plant anatomy. •Xylem. http://biomicro.sdstate.edu/reesen/327/syllabus-2000b.htm

Topic Assigned readings Suggested additional readings Review - Plant and Plant Cell Structure Chapter 1 Symplast Membranes The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Structure of Membranes Organelles Microbodies in the Living Cell Cytoskeleton Apoplast Cell wall Structure The Walls of Growing Plant Cells Plant Organs Stems Leaves Roots Water Potential and Movement in Plants Chapters 2 and 3 Water and the evolution of plants Structure of water Ionization and pH Water movement Bulk Flow Diffusion Osmosis Water Potential Calculations Methods of Measurement Transpiration Evaporation of water Review of plant anatomy •Xylem •leaves •roots Cohesion theory Plant Mineral Nutrition Chapters 4 and 5 Essential elements Effects of pH Deficiency and Toxicity symptoms Toxicities in Crop Plants Nutrient Uptake Membrane Transport Diffusion Facilitated transport Active transport Nutrient assimilation Photosynthesis - Light Reactions Chapters 7, 8 and 9 Properties of light Chloroplast structure Pigments of photosynthesis Light absorption and oxygen evolution Electron transport and energy capture How Cells Make ATP Photosynthesis - Carbon Fixation and Translocation of Assimilates Chapters 10 and 11 Gas exchange and the leaf Rubisco and the Calvin cycle Photorespiration C4 fixation CAM Starch and Sucrose synthesis Phloem Structure Pressure Flow Hypothesis Assimilate Distribution Respiration Chapter 12 Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Glycolysis / Pentose Phosphate Pathway

33. Tennessee Wesleyan College 4) Emphasizes the molecular basis of cell structure and function 4) A comparativestudy of anatomy and embryonic B 403 plant TAXONOMY (4) A study of the systems http://www.twcnet.edu/Academics/Biology/default.html

Your browser does not support script Biology Faculty Bowling Computer Lab Environmental Studies Courses B.A. or B.S. Degree in Biology ... Photos of Class trips B.A. or B.S. Degree in Biology The course of study for a major in Biology seeks to provide students with a sound introduction to the fundamental principles of biology, and to enhance their understanding and appreciation of the diversity and complexity of living things. The Department of Biology offers courses that prepare students for graduate study in biology, as teachers of biology, as biologists in governmental and industrial employment, and for advanced professional courses in medicine, dentistry, nursing, physical therapy, and medical technology. Courses leading to the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and to the Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees in Biology are available. Required biology courses are identified for both programs, but the B.A. requires the additional courses detailed elsewhere under Additional Requirements for the Bachelor of Arts.

34. Untitled Document to plant anatomy, Aug. 27, Introduction to the plant Kingdom, 1. Microscopy, Photography,and plant Diversity. Aug. 29, Unique Features of plant cell structure, 17 http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/courses/3510diggle/OTHER PAGES/SYLLABUS.html

Plant Anatomy Syllabus EEB 3510 Fall Semester 2003 Lectures: MWF 10-10:50 in Ramaley N1B23 Laboratory: T 1-4 or W 1-4 in Ramaley C231 Faculty instructor: Dr. Pamela Diggle Office Hours: Wedesday 11-12 and Thursday 1-2 in Ramaley C287 Laboratory Coordinator Dr. Stepahnie Mayer Office Ramaley C105 Graduate Student Teaching Assistant: Claire Lay Office Ramaley C105 Office hours: 12-1 Tuesday, 11-12 Wednesdays in Ramaley C231 Required Texts: Laboratory Manual, available in the CU Bookstore The following texts are also on reserve in Norlin Library: A. Fahn. 1990. Plant Anatomy, 4th edition. Pergamon Press. J.d. Mauseth. 1988. Plant Anatomy. Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co. Menlo Park, CA. Exams: Hour Exam IOctober 1100 pts Hour Exam II-November 10100 pts Lab Exam I-October 14-15100 pts Lab Exam IIDecember 9-10100 pts Lab QuizzesTBA100 pts Final Exam-Decmber 17200 pts Grading: At the end of the semester, all of the points accumulated by each student will be totaled and expressed as a percentage of the total points possible (700). Grading will then be on an absolute scale: 90-100% = A, 80-90% = B, 70-79% = C, etc. Extra Credit: If you attend a seminar or colloquium on any aspect of biology and submit a one page written summary, you will receive up to 5 points per summary for a maximum of 3 seminars (a total of 15 possible extra credit points).

35. Cell Structure cell structure. cell structure Page. 1. Onion Root Tip 9. Sperm. cell structure. ©1996 University of Kansas Medical Center. Department of anatomy and cell Biology. http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/cytology/cytology.htm

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36. Plant Anatomy- Image List Lab 1 Introduction to plant structure. Lab 8 anatomy of stems. Lab 2 plant cells. Lab 9 anatomy of leaves page. LAB 2 plant cells. View Mesophyll cells from Zinnia http://www.uri.edu/artsci/bio/plant_anatomy/images.html

IMAGE LISTS The slides listed below are organized by lab topic. Click on the slide numbers to view a photomicrograph and sample questions. You can also choose to view this list as thumbnail images organized by lab. (Thumbnail images may take longer to load.) Information about how the images were prepared for the web is available at the bottom of this page. LAB TOPICS Lab 1 Introduction to plant structure Lab 8 Anatomy of stems Lab 2 Plant cells Lab 9 Anatomy of leaves Lab 3 Lab 10 Anatomy of roots Lab 4 Dermal tissue system Lab 11 Organ modification Lab 5 Ground tissue system Lab 12 Vascular cambium Lab 6 Vascular tissues: xylem Lab 13 Secondary growth Lab 7 Vascular tissues: phloem LAB 1 Introduction to plant structure (No slides) Return to top of page LAB 2 Plant cells View Mesophyll cells from Zinnia View Section of red pepper View Starch grains from bean embryo View Epidermal peel of Tradescantia showing purple pigment in the vacuoles View Cross section of a pine needle View Bright field and polarization micrographs of a stem section of Aloe View Bright field and polarization micrographs of a stem section of Myriophyllum View Section of pear fruit View Circular-bordered pits from pine wood View Electron micrograph of plasmodesmata Return to top of page View Longitudinal section of Elodea shoot apical meristem View Longitudinal section of Equisetum shoot apex View Longitudinal section of Lonicera shoot apex meristem View Cross section of Salvia shoot apex View Developmental sequence of leaf initiation in Coleus View Longitudinal section of

37. Plant Cell Structure plant cell structure This web page provides a colorful threedimensional diagram of a typical plant cell with each part labeled. The accompanying text presents a general introduction to plant http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.htm

38. Plant Structure II the growth ring, which is formed by very small cells followed by large cells withthe Angiosperm anatomy An excellent site detailing plant structure. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPLANTANATII.html

PLANTS AND THEIR STRUCTURE II Table of Contents Monocots and Dicots Secondary Growth The leaf Links Monocots and Dicots Back to Top Angiosperms, flowering plants, are divided into two groups: monocots and dicots Features of monocot and dicot plants. Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology , 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Monocot seeds have one "seed leaf" termed a cotyledon (in fact monocot is a shortening of monocotyledon). Dicots have two cotyledons. Both groups, however, have the same basic architecture of nodes, internodes, etc. Comparison of monocot (left, oat) and dicot (right, bean) gross anatomy. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology , 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. The above images is from gopher://wiscinfo.wisc.edu:2070/I9/.image/.bot/.130/Stem/Zea_cross_section/Stem_composite . Note the scattered vascular bundles of the corn stem. The above image is from gopher://wiscinfo.wisc.edu:2070/I9/.image/.bot/.130/Stem/Medicago_cross_section/Labeled

39. Plant Cell Anatomy - EnchantedLearning.com The following is a glossary of plant cell anatomy terms. wall a thick, rigid membranethat surrounds a plant cell. of cellulose fiber gives the cell most of http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/

Become a member of Enchanted Learning. Click here for more information on site membership. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal As a thank-you bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. (Already a member? Click here. Plant Cell Label Me! Printout EnchantedLearning.com Plant Cell Anatomy Animal Cell Printout Bacterium Cell Printout The cell is the basic unit of life. Plant cells (unlike animal cells) are surrounded by a thick, rigid cell wall. The following is a glossary of plant cell anatomy terms. amyloplast - an organelle in some plant cells that stores starch. Amyloplasts are found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits. ATP - ATP is short for adenosine triphosphate; it is a high-energy molecule used for energy storage by organisms. In plant cells , ATP is produced in the cristae of mitochondria and chloroplasts cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. cell wall - a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. This layer of cellulose fiber gives the cell most of its support and structure. The cell wall also bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant.

40. OVERVIEW:B DEVELOPMENTAL PLANT ANATOMY We will explore plant growth from the apex relationships in leaves ( 2); leaf anatomy( 3); morphology 5); plasmodesmata ( 6) and cellcell communication in http://botany.ru.ac.za/FACTFILE/Overview.HTM

OVERVIEW: DEVELOPMENTAL PLANT ANATOMY INTRODUCTION Developmental plant anatomy must include studies that focus on key aspects of plant structure-function relationships. The material that is presented in the 'Factfiles' supplements that which can be found in Applied Plant Anatomy , and students are encouraged to cross-refer and to make use of The Anatomy of Seed Plants and Plant Anatomy by Esau as well as any other plant anatomy reference texts that are available. The material covered in the Factfiles includes leaf development, the development of the vascular system, intercellular transport, phloem loading and unloading. Interest will be focused on the leaf and specifically, development of the xylem and phloem. Biochemically, plants may function as sources and sinks - with sources being the sites at which essential carbon skeletons are synthesized and sinks being those regions where these carbon skeletons are either accumulated (stored) or metabolized and converted into other more useful secondary plant metabolites associated either with growth or further development of the plant. Take for the potato tuber as an example. The tuber acts as a strong carbohydrate sink in the summer season, attracting excess carbohydrates which are converted into starch. Once the potato plant has died, the tuber will undergo a series of complex changes, related to the onset and formation of "eyes" (root primordia). This occurs particularly in relation to its transport physiology, with the result that the tuber becomes a

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