81. Starmen.Net Message Forum: General Discussion => The Planets Thu, 06 May 2004 1725 Go to previous message. Re The planets. http://forum.starmen.net/index.php?t=msg&goto=21485

82. HubbleSite - Planets Related Links 1996+34 Hubble Monitors Weather on Neighboring planets (1995) http//hubble.stsci.edu/news_.and._views/pr.cgi.1995+17top Neptune general Information Gallery http://hubblesite.org/discoveries/hstexhibit/planets/links_planets.shtml

Shortcuts: Jupiter Mars Neptune Pluto ... Uranus PLANETS The following are Web pages related to this section. denotes a link to another part of HubbleSite denotes a link outside of HubbleSite Links outside of HubbleSite are provided solely as a service to our users. HubbleSite is not responsible for the content of those pages. Jupiter - General Information Gallery image of Jupiter. http://hubble.stsci.edu/gallery/showcase/solar_system/p3.shtml An in-depth look at Jupiter's tussle with a comet. http://hubble.stsci.edu/sci.d.tech/discoveries/10th/views/portfolio/slide21.shtml Hubble's planet watch. http://hubble.stsci.edu/sci.d.tech/discoveries/10th/our_universe/in-depth/planet.shtml top Jupiter - Press Releases Hubble Views Ancient Storm in the Atmosphere of Jupiter (1999) http://hubble.stsci.edu/news_.and._views/pr.cgi.1999+29

83. B Fuller Master Index: Phon-Pm , , Index/Tuck in a Plane. PLANET planets. general, Synergetics 2, sects 791.01,792.51; fig 791.01 (3), -, -. Earth, 06-95, Earth Pics, etc; San Diego, CA, USA. http://buckminster.info/Index/Phon-Pm.htm

BUCKMINSTER FULLER MASTER INDEX Phon-Pm Plywood Geodesic Dome PHONE Call, First Transatlantic B uckminster Fuller's Universe p 71 PHONETIC Critical Path p p See: Index/Communication PHOSPHORUS General Critical Path p 244 PHOTOELECTRIC Cell B uckminster Fuller's Universe " Critical Path PHOTOGRAPHY General Synergetics 2 sect 263.01 See: Index/Macro Micro -Photography PHOTON: PHOTONS General Cosmography " Synergetics 1 sects 223.71-91, 251.25, 530.01, 541.30-36, 901.12, 905.74, 1052.20, 1106.23 " Synergetics 2 sects 325.14, 325.16, 466.23, 935.18, 986.087, 986.524, 986.627, 986.835, plate 10 PHOTO SYNTHESIS General Cosmography See: Index/Energy Accounting Income " Critical Path Index/Petroleum Nature's Production of " Fuller's Earth " Synergetics 1 " " " " " " " Synergetics 2 " " " " " " " " " Your Private Sky R Buckminster Fuller, Discourse As Class-1 Evolution Critical Path Syntropic Cosmography Wealth Impoundment Critical Path Description of "

84. ThinkQuest : Library : Think Space general There are nine planets in our Solar System, and each is very unique. Lookat the data table below for more general information on all the planets. http://library.thinkquest.org/26220/solarsystems/

Index Astronomy Solar System Think Space ThinkSpace is designed to teach people about space. Using the Internet style of learning we created a web page that would be both informative and fun for the internet user. There are five main sections to the page: Stars, Galaxies, Solar System, Universe, and Astronomers. In each of these main sections we enable the user to expand upon their present knowledge. It is our hope that the users will help our site grow by taking part in the interactive sections of the site. We have included two areas where users may add pictures to a gallery and submit samples of their creative writing as it relates to topics about space. Additionally our chat program will allow the user to discuss and exchange ideas on a global basis. The web site is supplemented by a comprehensive popup glossary, search engine, message board, guestbook, and interactive games. Visit Site 1999 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Heather Newport Harbor High School, Costa Mesa, CA, United States Ryan Lakeland High School, Mohegan Lake, NY, United States

85. Life On Other Planets Kevin J. Anderson Dune (Imaginary place) Fiction Life on other planets Robots Science fiction Fiction Science Fiction Science Fiction - general . http://topics.practical.org/browse/Life_on_other_planets

topics.practical.org Life on other planets Dune: The Battle of Corrin Brian Herbert Kevin J. Anderson Dune (Imaginary place) ... Fantasy - General

86. Remote Sensing Of Planets Department - General Information Mail address Department Remote Sensing of planets , Astronomical Observatoryof Kharkov National University Sumskaya, 35 61022 Kharkov Ukraine http://www.univer.kharkov.ua/astron/rsp/rsp_info.htm

RSP information Principal directions of research: (1) development of theoretical and experimental models of light scattering in regolith-like media; (2) analysis of optical and radar data on planetary surfaces obtained by earth-based telescopes and spacecrafts. Basic results obtained in the Department: A new approach has been developed to study polarimetric properties of the Moon at large phase angles, which makes it possible to map the average regolith particle size for some regions of the nearside of the Moon. A theoretical model has been advanced for the negative polarization of the light scattered by atmosphereless celestial bodies at small phase angles; the model is based on the coherent enhancement of backscatter. Theoretical and computer models have been suggested for the shadow and interference components of the phase dependence of brightness of regolith-like surfaces; the models has been used for interpretation of the data obtained by Clementine. A theoretical model has been developed for spectral albedo of multicomponent regolith-like surfaces with different types of particle structure and composition; the model has been applied to the various celestial bodies (The Moon, Phobos, and asteroids). On the base of calculations and laboratory data, an alternative explanation has been proposed to 3 micron absorption band in low-resolution reflectance spectra of some asteroids: chemical trapping of solar wind protons and formation of OH groups in the superficial zones oxygen-bearing regolith particles; so the 3 micron absorption can take place without presence of water molecules on the surface.

87. Plabpc.csustan.edu/astro/planets/SolarSystem.htm What Is The Drake Equation?small logo general Information R* = The rate of formation of suitable stars(stars such as our Sun); f p = The fraction of those stars with planets. http://plabpc.csustan.edu/astro/planets/SolarSystem.htm

88. Orbits In Strongly Curved Spacetime more than could be explained by the influence of the other planets. In 1915, AlbertEinstein s general Theory of Relativity extended Newtonian gravitation http://www.fourmilab.ch/gravitation/orbits/

Orbits in Strongly Curved Spacetime Sorryit appears your browser doesn't understand Java applets. Introduction The display above shows, from three different physical perspectives, the orbit of a low-mass test particle , the small red circle, around a non-rotating black hole (represented by a grey circle in the panel at the right, where the radius of the circle is the black hole's gravitational radius , or event horizon . Kepler's laws of planetary motion, grounded in Newton's theory of gravity, state that the orbit of a test particle around a massive object is an ellipse with one focus at the centre of the massive object. But when gravitational fields are strong, as is the case for collapsed objects like neutron stars and black holes, Newton's theory is inaccurate; calculations must be done using Einstein's theory of General Relativity. In Newtonian gravitation, an orbit is always an ellipse. As the gravitating body becomes more massive and the test particle orbits it more closely, the speed of the particle in its orbit increases without bound, always balancing the gravitational force. For a black hole, Newton's theory predicts orbital velocities greater than the speed of light, but according to Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, no material object can achieve or exceed the speed of light. In strong gravitational fields, General Relativity predicts orbits drastically different from the ellipses of Kepler's laws. This page allows you to explore them. The Orbit Plot The panel at the right of the applet shows the test mass orbiting the black hole, viewed perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. The path of the orbit is traced by the green line. After a large number of orbits the display will get cluttered and may start to flash; just click the mouse anywhere in the right panel to erase the path and start over. When the test mass reaches its greatest distance from the black hole, a yellow line is plotted from the centre of the black hole to that point, the

89. General Relativity & Black Holes However, the effects of the known planets cannot account for all of Mercury s Einsteinapplied his general Theory to the motion of Mercury and found that the http://cassfos02.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/GR.html

University of California, San Diego Gene Smith's Astronomy Tutorial Einstein's General Theory of Relativity The General Theory of Relativity is an expansion of the Special Theory to include gravity as a property of space. Start with this Gravity Tutorial The Equivalence Principle The Theory of Special Relativity has as its basic premise that light moves at a uniform speed, c = 300,000 km/s , in all frames of reference. This results in setting the speed of light as the absolute speed limit in the Universe and also produced the famous relationship between mass and energy, E = mc . The foundation of Einstein's General Theory is the Equivalence Principle which states the equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass Inertial Mass is the quantity that determines how difficult it is to alter the motion of an object. It is the mass in Newton's Second Law: F = ma Gravitational mass is the mass which determines how strongly two objects attract each other by gravity, e.g. the attraction of the earth: It is the apparent equivalence of these two types of mass which results in the uniformity of gravitational acceleration Galileo's result that all objects fall at the same rate independent of mass: Galileo and Newton accepted this as a happy coincidence, but Einstein turned it into a fundamental principle. Another way of stating the equivalence principle is that gravitational acceleration is indistinguishable from other forms of acceleration. According to this view a student in a closed room could not tell the difference between experiencing the gravitational pull of the earth at the earth's surface and being in a rocketship in space accelerating with a = 9.8 m/s

90. Skewl Sites - Site Index - SCIENCE - General SCIENCE general. Nasa s Observatorium, A site that has pictures of the Earth, planets,stars, and other cool stuff, as well as the stories behind those images http://www.skewlsites.com/science.htm

SCIENCE - General Primary A to Z Teacher Stuff Thematic Units Index The elementary teacher's one-stop source for online thematic units, theme resources, literature activities, lesson plans, and activities. Adventures of Squirmin' Herman the Worm Let Squirmin' Herman the Worm teach you all about worms and how to make your own worm bin. Arthur Books Kids love the Arthur books and now they can enjoy Arthur stories and activities online. Arty the Part Time Astronaut A media rich, fun, and educational adventure through the solar system. Bats A complete integrated unit where you'll explore the science and conservation of bats. Berenstein Bears Lots of reading, writing, and activities for Berenstein Bear fans to enjoy. Bonus.com Offers hundreds of quality activities that invite kids to play, colour, explore, learn and imagine. Boomerwolf Join animated host, Boomerwolf on an entertaining, educational romp through the world of wolves.

91. General Considerations For A Mars Mission general considerations for a Mars Mission. Eccentricity According to Kepler s Laws, the planets revolve in elliptical orbits in which the Sun is at one of its http://www.marsacademy.com/traj/traj2.htm

Newton's Law of Gravitation General considerations for a Mars mission Orbits From Earth to Mars Getting to Low Earth Orbit From Low Earth Orbit to Mars ... Earth-Mars Java Tracker General considerations for a Mars Mission The mean distance between the Earth and Mars is approximately of 78,300,000 km., that is, roughly half the distance from the Earth to the Sun. As compared to the Moon, our boldest step in manned exploration so far, which is some 380,000 km away, Mars is at more or less 200 times the distance. The following table shows some orbital parameters of the Earth, Mars and Venus : Orbital Comparison Mars Venus Earth Distance to Sun: 1.52 AU 0.72 AU 1.00 AU Mean: 227,900,000 km 108,200,000 km 149,600,000 km Max: 250,000,000 km 109,000,000 km 152,200,000 km Min 206,500,000 km 107,400,000 km 147,100,000 km Eccentricity Period 686.98 days 224.70 days 365.26 days Inclination: Several important conclusions can be drawn from the above table: Celestial bodies that will influence the trajectory: The orbital mechanics of the mission will be influenced gravitationally by the nearby celestial bodies. In the case of an Earth-Mars mission, the Earth, Mars and the Sun will be primary factors due to mass (in the case of the Sun) and proximity (Earth and Mars) As it can be seen from the table, Venus is sufficiently near to exert its influence. Probably many of the trajectories to be considered will lie very close to Venus and thus be greatly influenced by its gravitational field.

92. General Astronomy: Lecture Notes: 5 Eudoxus (408355 BC) physical model with compound circular motion for planets. Generalissue raised How does one decide which data are important, which http://www-astro.physics.uiowa.edu/~lam/teaching/general/05.html

General Astronomy Prof. Molnar, Fall 1997 Lecture Notes 5: September 5, Motion of the Planets; Ancient Astronomy Lunar orbit details sidereal month: wrt the stars, 27.32 d synodic month: wrt the sun, 29.53 d 1/P syn = 1/P sid - 1/P Earth Motion of the planets "The planets generally move eastward near the ecliptic, occasionally stopping to move westward (retrograde)." Keywords prograde: eastward with respect to the stars retrograde: westward with respect to the stars zodiac: the band on the celestial sphere near the ecliptic in which planets are found opposition: the point in a planet's orbit when it is directly opposite the sun as viewed from Earth (never occurs for Mercury and Venus) conjunction: the point in a planet's orbit when it is along the line of sight to the sun as viewed from Earth. If the planet is closer than the sun, it is called an inferior conjunction; if further, a superior conjunction. quadrature: the point in a planet's orbit when the angle planet-Earth-sun is a right angle. greatest elongation: the point in a planet's orbit when the angle planet-sun-Earth is a right angle (for Mercury and Venus only) Planetary speeds Planet P syn (days) P sid (days) Mercury Venus Sun Mars Jupiter Saturn Synodic period: time between alignments (relevant to planning observations) Sidereal period: orbit with respect to the stars (assumed by Ptolemy to be related to distance) Retrograde motion details occurs near opposition (except Mercury and Venus) occurs when planets are particularly bright loops do not repeat exactly

93. Introduction To The Nine Planets A Blockbook of Medieval Popular Astrology; The Basics of Spaceflight from JPL; includesa nice general astronomy tutorial; GUSTAV HOLST The planets .aiff sound http://www.physics.louisville.edu/nineplanets/intro.html

Introduction to The Nine Planets T he Nine Planets is a collection of information about our Solar System intended for a general audience with little technical background. No special expertise or knowledge is needed; all technical and astronomical terms and proper names are defined in the glossary . The bulk of this material should be familiar to planetary scientists and astronomers but they may find a few interesting tidbits, too. T his document consists of about 100 WWW "pages", one page for each major body in the Solar System. Each page has: a large picture of its object and usually several smaller thumbnail images (all linked to their full-size originals) some scientific and historical facts about it, if the object has satellites then its page has a table of data on them and links to their pages, links to more images and information about the object elsewhere on the Web, and a list of open issues for which we as yet have no answers. T o truly justify the title of "Multimedia Tour", I've also included: short sound clips from Holst 's The Planets (about 10 seconds or 180k each) for seven of the planets;

94. Planets, Carnegie Library Of Pittsburgh Resource Guide general Sites. Exploratorium Your Weight on Other Worlds A java applet that calculatesthis for you The Nine planets A multimedia tour of the solar system by http://www.carnegielibrary.org/subject/homework/planets.html

Select Library Area: Ask a Librarian Careers at CLP Computer Classes Directions Employment Genealogy/History Homework Help Hours Kids' Site Library Subject Guide Locations Renew a Book Request a Book Research Databases Resource Guide Search Subject Departments Support the Library Teens' Site Subject Search: Web Site Catalog Internet Search Database Search Events Search Resource Guide: ... Astronomy The Planets General Earth Jupiter Mars ... Extra-Solar General Sites Exploratorium: Your Weight on Other Worlds A java applet that calculates this for you The Nine Planets A multimedia tour of the solar system by Bill Arnett, a software engineer interested in astronomy. The Planetary Society Check here for the latest news and discovery in extrasolar planets, extraterrestrial life, and more. Views of the Solar System Information and images of the sun, planets, and other celestial objects within our solar system. Created by Calvin J. Hamilton, an electrical engineer specializing in image processing. Welcome to the Planets An image collection from Cal Tech and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Jupiter Project Galileo bringing Jupiter to Earth Galileo Project Information Page at NSSDC (National Space Science Data Center) Mars ESA: Mars Express http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/

95. General Information: Free Planets Alliance Military Ranks Fleet Admiral, Field Marshal, Field Marshal, Fleet Admiral, n/a, general of theAir Corps, Notes. The Free planets Alliance rank system is not directly based onany http://www.logh.net/fparanks.htm

Free Planets Alliance officers in Legend of the Galactic Heroes can be distinguished primarily by the rank insignia on the collars of their uniforms. There are three major branches of the Alliance Armed forces: The Navy (Free Planets Space Fleet), the Marines (for example, the Rosen Ritter ), and the Alliance Air Corps. Conjecture also suggests there is a Free Planets Alliance land Army. Ranks Table Historical Navy Historical Army Alliance Army Alliance Navy Alliance Marines Alliance Air Corps Rank Insignia Japanese Kanji Private Private Private Spaceman Private Airman Private First Class Private First Class Private First Class Able Spaceman Corporal Lead Airman Corporal Corporal Corporal Lead Spaceman Lance Corporal Corporal Petty Officer Sergeant Sergeant Petty Officer Sergeant Sergeant Chief Petty Officer Staff Sergeant Staff Sergeant Chief Petty Officer Staff Sergeant Flight Sergeant Master Petty Officer Master Sergeant Master Sergeant Master Petty Officer Master Sergeant Senior Flight Sergeant (Midshipman) Cadet Lieutanent Sub-Lieutenant Ensign Officer Candidate Warrant Officer (Sub-Lieutenant) Sub Lieutanent 2nd Lieutenant Sub-Lieutenant 2nd Lieutenant 2nd Lieutenant (Lieutenant Junior Grade) (2nd Lieutenant) 1st Lieutenant Lieutenant, Junior Grade

96. GLY 4045: Moons, Planets And Meteors addressed and solved in our exploration of the Moon and other planets. in ClassicalGreece and the Renaissance, reflects the history of science in general). http://www.cas.usf.edu/~jryan/planets.html

GLY 4045: Moons, Planets and Meteors: An Introduction to Planetary Science Instructor: Jeff Ryan Link to Official Spring, 2003 Course Syllabus Link to Official Spring, 2003 Course Schedule Textbooks: Changeable Fare - Check the Official Syllabus for Current Requirements Selected Readings from space science journals, and information from the WorldWide Web Journal Sources of Planetary Science Literature: Meteoritics and Planetary Science (formerly Meteoritics Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets Proceedings of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Earth and Planetary Science Letters To a great degree, the topics we cover in this class will depend on you. Planetary science is a broad and diverse field: there is no specific body of knowledge to be transmitted here. Today, before you leave, each of you will fill out a card for me with your name, major, the science courses you have taken, and a brief explanation as to what you want to get out of this course, i.e., what about our Solar System and its exploration got you curious enough to take this class? The specific schedule of what we'll do in here will depend in large part on what you tell me today! Course Requirements and Evaluation: Examinations: We will have a midterm and final examination, or their equivalent - see the official Syllabi!. Both will be of a short essay (~1 page answers) format, and the questions will generally be issues-oriented: often, your answers will be based on your own opinions, as informed by the class. Grading will be based on the implicit understanding of course materials apparent from your answers, and on the quality of your thinking. (20% each; 40% of total grade)

97. Links For Sites With Information Relevant To The Darwin Space Infrared Interfero Pulsar planets Penn State. Known Planetary Systems Willman at Princeton.Lunar and Planetary Institute Solar System planets, general info. http://ast.star.rl.ac.uk/darwin/links.html

Main Mission Status Planets ... Links Useful Links to Darwin-related information General Extra-solar Planets Exoplanets Forum Planet Atmospheres ... Usenet Discussions General The Astrobiology Web - good pages and links Telson Spur - resources for the extraterrestrial life debate - P J Hughes Extra-solar Planets Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia Schneider at Meudon Extrasolar Planetary Systems and other information - Astrobiology Web Extrasolar planet Tutorial - Arizona State U Telson Spur - resources for the extraterrestrial life debate - P J Hughes Other Worlds - Dave Garber Extrasolar Visions - Whatmough Review of planet searching methods - Schneider Primer on planet searching - ASP A parade of New Planets - Scientific American - July 96 Exo-planet questions and answers by Ask the Space Scientist at NASA. See also the Astronomy Cafe Eric Mamajek's exoplanet page - UNSW Darren Williams's exoplanet page - Penn State Students for the Exploration and Development of Space Exo-planet discussion and pointers - seems to be the up-to-date version Exo-planet discussion and pointers - The Nine Planets pages Ascending Node - U Arizona SEDS monthly Newsletter. See articles in

98. Newsgroups Sci.astro,sci.answers,news.answers Subject [sci.astro In general, but certainly more vaguely, the last century of astronomy has providedmany eg, where metals come from, why the Sun shines, why there are planets). http://sciastro.astronomy.net/sci.astro.2.FAQ

Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.answers,news.answers Subject: [sci.astro] General (Astronomy Frequently Asked Questions) (2/9) Followup-To: poster From: jlazio@patriot.net Summary: This posting addresses frequently asked questions about general astronomy topics and related issues. Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU Last-modified: $Date: 2004/01/27 00:00:01 $ Version: $Revision: 4.10 $ URL: http://sciastro.astronomy.net/ Posting-frequency: semi-monthly (Wednesday) Archive-name: astronomy/faq/part2 Subject: Introduction sci.astro is a newsgroup devoted to the discussion of the science of astronomy. As such its content ranges from the Earth to the farthest reaches of the Universe. However, certain questions tend to appear fairly regularly. This document attempts to summarize answers to these questions. This document is posted on the first and third Wednesdays of each month to the newsgroup sci.astro. It is available via anonymous ftp from , and it is on the World Wide Web at and . A partial list of worldwide mirrors (both ftp and Web) is maintained at . (As a general note, many other FAQs are also available from

99. TSN: General BB Post: Alignment Of Planets.... Search the general bulletin board Main general Bulletin Board Post Followup FAQ Next by Date Alignment of planets . http://www.saabnet.com/tsn/bb/general/?bID=132316

100. General Planetary Science -- From Eric Weisstein's Encyclopedia Of Scientific Bo general Planetary Science. Beatty, J. Kelly and Chaikin, Andrews (Eds.). Cattermole,Peter. Earth and Other planets Geology and Space Research. 1995. http://www.ericweisstein.com/encyclopedias/books/GeneralPlanetaryScience.html

General Planetary Science Beatty, J. Kelly and Chaikin, Andrews (Eds.). The New Solar System, 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 326 p. Now out in 4th ed. Beatty, J. Kelly; Petersen, Carolyn Collins; and Chaikin, Andrew (Eds.). The New Solar System, 4th ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 432 p. $31.96. Brandt, John C. and Hodge, Paul W. Solar System Astrophysics. 290 p. $23.95. Cattermole, Peter. Earth and Other Planets: Geology and Space Research. 1995. 160 p. $39.95. Consolmagno, J. and Schaefer, Martha W. Worlds Apart: a Textbook on Planetary Sciences. 1993. 323 p. $50.20. Encrenaz, Therese and Bibring, Jean-Pierre. The Solar System, 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995. 368 p. $59.50. Frazier, Kendrick. Solar System. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1985. 176 p. $?. Gehrels, Tom (Ed.). Planets, Stars and Nebulae; Studied with Photopolarimetry. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1974. $66. Hess, Wilmot N. and Mead, Gilbert D. (Eds.). Introduction to Space Science, 2nd ed., rev. and enl.

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