FRANCISCO PIZARRO Introduction Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish explorer and a conqueror of Peru. He was noted for audacity, cruelty, courage and unscrupulousness. Also for his abilities as a military leader. Biography Pizarro was born in Trujillo, Spain in 1470. Francisco never went to school, so he never learnt how to sign his name. In 1510 Pizarro and Vasco de Balboa went to America and took part in a number of exploratory expeditions. These expeditions resulted in the discovery of the Pacific Ocean in 1513. In 1519, Pizarro settled in Panama, and here resolved to conquer the empire of the Incas. The faithful few waited for Almagro who had once more been sent for reinforcements. When Almagro returned his expedition (now reduced to one vessel) he sailed to Gulf Gaugaquil. There they found civilisation and they did indeed exist. In 1528, he contracted to cooperate in the conquest of Peru. In 1528 he also went to Spain to enlist Royal aid for the venture. The following year, Charles 1, King of Spain granted Pizarro the authority to conquer and rule Peru. Pizarro raised a military force in Spain. In 1530, Pizarro sailed to Panama where he enlisted additional recruits. In 1531, with about 180 men and 27 horses, Pizarro sailed to Peru, landing there in 1532. Here Pizarro founded the town of San Miguel. In 1532, they set to Andes. The crossing of the vast mountain range by a tiny group of Spaniards in totally alien country was one remarkable event of exploration. Here, pretending he wished for a conference to be held, he captured the Inca ruler and killed most of his guards. When the Indians tried to resist the treacherous act, the Spaniards killed a great number of them and put the rest to flight. With the ruler in his hands, Pizarro demanded Indians should fill a large room with gold before he released Atahulpa. The Indians obeyed the instructions and the Spaniards were in possession of a fortune in gold. Pizarro then had Atahualpa strangled. | |
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