21. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Theodosius (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, B Category ancient history, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biographies. Theodosius d.376, Roman general under Valentinian I. He defeated (368–69) the picts and http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/T/Theodos.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 11, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biographies ... Theodosius By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z T Theodosius, Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biographies Related Category: Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biographies Theodosius d. 376, Roman general under Valentinian I Topics that might be of interest to you: Theodosius I Valentinian I Encyclopedia U ... com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Related Categories: People History History Ancient Greece and Rome ... Biographies More articles from AllRefer Reference on Theodosius Encyclopedia U com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Link to AllRefer.com

22. SCOTLAND - PICTS And OUR SEARCH FOR TRIBAL TATTOOS He tells us how the picts used a blue dye from a mustard plant called woad to tattoo Arethere any other clues in ancient history that we have yet to unearth http://www.vanishingtattoo.com/pictish_tattoos.htm

The Legendary Land of the Picts They wrote in Historians disagree The search for the vanishing tattoo takes a detour here because Thomas knows that all record of tattoos from this matrilineal culture vanished long ago. Never mind that historians disagree on nearly everything that has been written about the Picts, Thomas doesn't let the lack of facts prevent him from embarking on a pilgrimage to their famous sculptures. In the presence of these " standing stones ", Lockhart conjures up an image of these painted warriors. The fifth century monk, Gildas, called them " foul hordes like dark throngs of worms who wriggle out of narrow fissures in the rock when the sun is high and the weather grows warm ." Loch Ness Monster! Thomas sees them clearly now, his own imagination transposing the mysterious stone sculpted images of animals, abstract designs, and Christian crosses onto flesh . He tells us how the Picts used a blue dye from a mustard plant called "woad" to tattoo their bodies. Did the tattoos indicate rank or caste, were they symbols of religious devotion, an appeal for fertility or simply for decoration? We'll never know. But if an entire society is tattooed from head to toe then surely we cannot underestimate the significance that tattoos played in Pictish culture. Thomas points to something depicted on the standing stone an elephantine animal with flippers. "There's your Loch Ness Monster!" Have we solved another of Scotland's great mysteries?

23. Celts, Basques And Picts When Rome conquered Britain in the 1st Century AD, they found the population largelyCeltic, with the more ancient picts holding out far to the north in http://www.hyw.com/books/history/Celts__B.htm

Celts, Basques and Picts While the Roman and German influence essentially defined Medieval culture, there were other ethnic groups around who had some impact, and left some reminders of their presence. The chief among these also-rans were the Celts, Basques ,and Picts. The latter two groups belonged to the original human inhabitants of Europe, people who, several millenia B.C. had established themselves and their cultures throughout Europe. These included the Ligurians (in what is now Germany and France), Iberians (in Spain), Picts (in Britain), the Sikels (in Sicily), and the proto-Latins (in Italy). Up in Scandinavia were the Germans. In what is now eastern Europe were Slavs and Celts. The Germans who later stayed behind became the Vikings and the modern Scandinavians. In the Balkans were more Ligurian peoples. In Greece you had Greeks. Further east you had Etruscans (who later migrated to Italy), Semites, Persians and Dravidians until you ran into the people who looked Chinese The ethnic composition of Europe was quite different during the Medieval period, and even more so during the 1st and 2nd Centuries BC, when the Romans were putting their empire together. In the beginning, there were the Ligurians, Iberians and related peoples in Europe. These peoples developed from the neolithic (cavemen) types that settled in Europe after the last ice age ended some 10,000 years ago. The Celts gradually

24. Ancient History Professional analysts have researched the history of lowland The ancient foundingrace of the north were a from the east, and finally the picts and Dalriadants http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/biggar/

Ancient History Of The Surname Biggar Home

25. Slitherine - New Forum Poll - Which Era Of Ancient History Are You Most Interest Topic New Forum Poll Which era of ancient history are you most interested in? Raidother tribes, attack other ancient nations like the picts, fight the http://www.aimoo.com/forum/postview.cfm?id=453260&CategoryID=198817&startcat=1&T

26. Powell's Books - Used, New, And Out Of Print studies, U. of Windsor, Ontario; art history, U. of the succession of civilizationsthat flourished in ancient Mesopotamia from Who Were the picts and Celts? http://www.powells.com/subsection/WorldHistoryAncientHistory.21.html

Rare Books Technical Books Kids' Books eBooks ... Windows World History Writing view all sections... Ancient History There are 969 books in this aisle. Browse the aisle by Title by Author by Price See recently arrived used books in this aisle. Featured Titles in World History -Ancient History: Page 21 of 52 next Used Trade Paper List Price $19.95 add to wish list The Gods of Prehistoric Man (History of Religion) by Johannes Maringer Publisher Comments Includes bibliographical references (p. 207-211) and index.... read more about this title check for other copies New Hardcover add to wish list Ancient and Medieval Memories by Janet Coleman Publisher Comments This book contains a series of studies that take the ancient texts as evidence of the past, and show how medieval readers and writers understood them. In particular, they examine how medieval readers examined the construction of these texts to find some... read more about this title check for other copies New Hardcover add to wish list Etruscan Roman Remains: In Popular Tradition (Kegan Paul Library of Arcana) by Charles Godfrey Leland Publisher Comments The Etruscans are one of historys great mysteries -a sophisticated society that flourished at the heart of the Classical world and then vanished, leaving relatively few archaeological remains and few records of their culture. The Etruscans were adept at...

27. University Of St. Thomas timeline on Irish history provided by Fianna Guide to Irish Genealogy. Pictish NationWeb site dedicated to ancient civilization (known as the picts) that once http://www.stthom.edu/irishstudies/links/ancienthistory.html

Ancient History Links This has never been a rich or powerful country, and yet, since earliest times, its influence on the world has been rich and powerful. No larger nation did more to keep Christianity and Western culture alive in their darkest centuries. No larger nation did more to spark the cause of independence in America, indeed, around the world. And no larger nation has ever provided the world with more literary and artistic genius.” Address Before the Irish Parliament President John F. Kennedy Dublin, Ireland June 28, 1963 Ancient Ireland History and Research Ancient Ireland is a website that continues to grow and serve as both an archive and as a teaching vehicle for the dissemination of accurate history of Ireland, the Irish and our Celtic heritage. Animal Symbolism in Celtic Mythology A student paper at the University of Michigan by Lars Noodén, 22 November 1992. Book of Kells images General site, with links to other Book of Kells sites. Brehon Law Site Extensive site dedicated to reclaiming Ireland's legal heritage through collecting resources relating to the Brehon Laws, the ancient Celtic common law of Ireland. Celtic Connection Provides summary of the Celts and provides links to sites related to Celtic history and tradition.

28. New Page 5 The original IronAge settlers of northern Scotland became known as the Picti (picts)after Roman colonisation, an extremely artistic race, but also extremely http://www.scottishwildcats.co.uk/Ancient history page.htm

Evolution is ever changing... species in the distant past have evolved into the flora and fauna of the present day, and in turn they will evolve into new species. The ancestor of felis silvestris grampia, the Scottish wildcat, is thought to be felis lunensis (left), Martelli's wildcat. Lunensis bones have been found all over Europe, including Britain, dating back to the Early Pleistocene Era, around 2 million years ago, lunensis eventually evolving into the European wildcat of today. Lunensis was a larger animal than the present species, and detractors often point this out as a sign pure wildcats have become extinct, leaving only hybridised smaller cats. In fact most species from this era were much larger than their modern counterparts. Around 9000 years ago, sea levels rose after the last ice-age, forming the North Sea and English Channel, isolating Britain from the rest of Europe. 9000 years of isolation resulted in the British wildcat becoming slightly different to the European wildcat, which has a lighter coat, with less noticeable stripes. The lynx was also present in post ice-age Britain, but became extinct in the first few hundred years AD. Pre-historic Iron-Age humans in Britain knew of the domestic cat, even before the Romans invaded, and this is often cited as another reason why there can't be any pure wildcats left. But even as late as medieval times, chroniclers recorded that domestic cats were very rare in Britain, even in towns, but that the 'cat of the forest', i.e. the wildcat, was still very plentiful everywhere.

29. Images Of Cumbria - Ancient History Of Carlisle ancient history of the City 1. Its ancient British name is supposed to have been Llugydagwal astrong frontier town, against the invasions of the picts and Scots http://www.stevebulman.f9.co.uk/cumbria/ancientcarlisle.html

Ancient History of the City Although the origin of the "ancient and famous city of Carlisle," is lost in the uncertainties of antiquity, historians are agreed that it was a place of importance in the time of the Romans. Its ancient British name is supposed to have been Llugyda-gwa l, which meant the Army by the Wall ; the Romans called it Luguvallum, and in Bede's life of St. Cuthbert, it is called Luguballa. Whitaker says that Lugu-vall-ium signifies forts on the water . The Roman name Luguvallum was afterwards abbreviated by the Saxons to "Luell," which, added to the Saxon word Caer , (city) became Caer-Luell , whence is derived its present name. Two of the Scottish historians, Fordum and Boethius, inform us that Carlisle, one of the strongest British towns, was burned by the Scots during the absence of the Romans, in the reign of the emperor Nero. "It must have been after this event, and probably in the time of Agricola, that Carlisle was fortified by the Romans, as a strong frontier town, against the invasions of the Picts and Scots." So durable was their structure, that notwithstanding the recorded desolation of this city by the Danes, and the many subsequent repairs of the walls, after its sundry sieges, much Roman masonry remained in different parts of it , till of late years, especially on its eastern side. During the residence of the Romans in Britain, Cumberland was preserved from the hostile assaults of the Picts, but as soon as they relinquished their possessions, and retired, the Britons became a prey to these relentless persecutors, who soon laid desolate the city of Carlisle; and, so complete was the destruction, that there was scarcely left one stone upon another

30. History From Rampant Scotland Directory It deals with the history of the ancient Scots from some historians will disagreewith some of the theories and conclusions whether the picts were also a http://www.rampantscotland.com/history.htm

Rampant Scotland Directory! History Links to pages on the people and events of Scotland's long history, from before the Romans, through the Dark Ages, the Wars of Independence, the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. There are separate pages on this site Archaeology and Scottish Castles as well as Famous Scots and Scottish Regiments . There is also a separate section for Museums and for researching your own personal family history in the guide to Genealogy. Chronology of Scottish History A timeline of over 700 historical events which took place over the last 2,000 years of Scottish history, with their precise dates from 76AD to 1999. Links are also provided to around 400 related articles where you can find more information on the events - and the people - that made Scotland what it is today. And the dates are also presented month by month - you can find which Scottish event has its anniversary on your special day! Scotland's Past - History Based on a comprehensive timeline of Scottish history, Scotland's Past has a growing number of well written articles on the main events and the characters of Scottish history. If you want to use the time-line to browse a lot of the pages, use the Home page link above; if you want a specific article, here is a list of the main ones: Act of Union, 1707

31. Scotland Until 1000AD: Early Scottish History, Picts, Romans, And Prehistoric Sc An introduction to ancient Scottish history. stone circles, hill forts and artefactsof the ancient races that of the Celts, Roman invasions, the picts and the http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbookshop/usbs-historyto1000.html

Scotland until 1000AD Undiscovered Scotland: The Ultimate Online Guide Bookshop Righthand Column Bookshop Righthand Column Undiscovered Scotland Home Bookshop Scotland until 1000AD Left Index How To Purchase Scotland until 1000AD: Early Scottish History, Picts, Romans, and Prehistoric Scotland These books may be purchased from the Undiscovered Scotland Bookshop via Amazon.co.uk. Simply click on the cover image or the title of the book you are interested in. This will open a new window allowing you to purchase via the Amazon.co.uk site, using Amazon's well established and secure ordering and payment system. In doing so you benefit from Amazon's prices and you also help support Undiscovered Scotland. Ancient Scotland: Stewart Ross (November 1998). An introduction to ancient Scottish history. It looks at standing stones, tombs, stone circles, hill forts and artefacts of the ancient races that lived in Scotland, along with the first elements of civilization, the Beaker folk, the arrival of the Celts, Roman invasions, the Picts and the Vikings. The Picts and the Scots: Lloyd Laing, Jennifer Laing (November 2001).

32. Untitled From France the picts had sailed northward to The ancient Monarchies of Ireland refusedthem permission to hierarchy, first in the annals of British history. http://www.orrock.accessgenealogy.com/custom2.html

Free Web space and hosting - accessgenealogy.com Choose an ISP NetZero High Speed Internet Dial up $14.95 or NetZero Internet Service $9.95 Orrock Surname History Home Page About Page Photo Page Contact Page ... My Family Tree(Orrocks) The Ancient History of the Distinguished Surname ORROCK According to venerable Bede, the "Father of English History" who was born in 673, the Pictish race, one of the founding races of the British Isles, arrived in Scotland from Brittany about the 15th century BC. From France the Picts had sailed northward to Ireland. The ancient Monarchies of Ireland refused them permission to land, but they were allowed to settle in the eastern part of Scotland on condition that all their Kings marry an Irish Princess. This established a matriarchal hierarchy, first in the annals of British history. The family name Orrock is believed to be descended from this source. Nechtan was the first recorded Pictish King about 720A.D, although, according to Roman history, many Pictish Kings before him had fought gallantly at Hadrian`s Wall against the Roman invasion many centuries before. From the north, after the year 900, the Picts were invaded by the Orcadian Vikings who penetrated as far south as Caithness, and they were left with a territory on the eastern coast of Scotland from Aberdeen, south to Edinburgh. From some of the many early documents researchers examined such records as the Inquisitio, 1120 A.D., the Black Book of the Exchequer, the Exchequer Rolls or Scotland, The Ragman Rolls, the Chronicles of the Picts and Scots, and various other cartularies of parishes in Scotland. From these archives they produced the early records of the name in Fifeshire where they were anciently seated in the lands of Orrock some say well before the 12th century. Simon Orrock is recorded as holding those lands in the year 1248. Simon, with his brother Freskinus and son Robert agreed to give the convent of Dunfermline the lands of Muyoch and Knokduy, part of the clan lands of Orrock.

33. »»Reviews For Ancient History«« The picts were the inhabitants of Northern Scotland whose unique culture prior to connectedto the ancient Near East from Bible and ancient history, art and http://www.booksunderreview.com/Kids_and_Teens/School_Time/Social_Studies/Histor

Ancient History Reviews Related Subjects: Americas,_The China Egypt Greece ... Rome More Pages: Ancient History Page 1 Book reviews for "Ancient History" sorted by average review score: In Search of the Picts - A Celtic Dark Age Nation Published in Paperback by Trafalgar Square (01 October, 1998) Authors: Elizabeth Sutherland and Tom E. Gray Amazon base price: Average review score: Another superb work from Sutherland Elizabeth Sutherland, former curator of Groam House in Rosemarkie, Rose-shire, was responsible for establishing the museum as a Pictish Centre. She had published several novels, a guidebook for the Highland life, and other books on the Picts. There are excellent photographs, maps and drawing to help illustrate her text presentation. She begins by tracing the origins fo the picts from the neolithic nomad-farmer, coming of bronze age, moving into the invaders from Rome, covering Mons Graupius. The next part of the text goes into the 'foundation myths', the Kings List, St Columba. Also it covers the forts and palaces. She dedications a section to the stones and symbols, especially Pictish-Christian interaction. The 5th sections covers the important people in a Pictish tribe, the warlocks, hunters, monks and touches on Pictish Lore. Section Six dealing with what has been left behind, Language, writing, jewellery. Seventh section dealing with the everyday life in a Pictich Settlement. Finally the last section deals with the Viking invaders, later Viking settlers and the Rise of Kenneth mac Alpin.

34. »»Reviews For Ancient History«« account of almost a thousand years of picts, Celts, Romans undoubtly lead one to reconsidertheir conception of ancient Greek history, Platonic cosmology http://www.booksunderreview.com/Kids_and_Teens/School_Time/Social_Studies/Histor

Ancient History Reviews Related Subjects: Americas,_The China Egypt Greece ... Rome More Pages: Ancient History Page 1 Book reviews for "Ancient History" sorted by average review score: Kings and Queens of Early Britain Published in Paperback by Academy Chicago Pub (October, 1998) Author: Geoffrey Ashe Amazon base price: List price: that's off! Used price: Average review score: A surgically precise separation of evidence from legend A skillful protrayal of history and myth This book discusses English history from about 1100 B.C to the reign of Alfred the Great, A.D. 871. Much of our information on this period comes from Geoffrey of Monmouth, whose "history" owed more to imagination and folklore (in particular the Welsh Mabinogian) than to historical scholarship. But from Geoffrey's work come many of the underpinnings of the King Arthur story, and he wrote of kings further immortalized in Shakespeares' plays and Eliot's poetry. Ashe discusses Geoffrey's work, comparing it to historical references. The result is a story viewed through the context of myth as well as history. The two do not always agree, but they complement each other and create a fascinating story with a varied cast: the warrior-queen Boadicea, Constantius, Merlin, Arthur. The brief discussion of Arthur's historical roots will be familiar to those who have read other books by Ashe, but it provides a good introduction for readers new to the subject. As always, Ashe writes in a clear and accessible style. The book offers a historical perspective to readers interested in Arthurian lore and English literature. It is also likely to appeal to the reader who has an interest in history but not an extensive background.

35. BBC - History - Ancient - Vikings speakers. They were known as picts, and inhabited part of the Kingdomof the picts which made up most of mainland Scotland. The http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/lj/conquestlj/colonists_05.shtml?site=history_vikin

36. Constantine The Great, C.274-337 in the west, at Boulogne on the expedition against the picts, and before He chosethe ancient Greek city of Byzantium for his capital, and in The history Guide http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/constantine.html

Constantine the Great, c.274-337 Before the battle a flaming cross inscribed "In this conquer" was said to have caused Constantine's conversion to Christianity. In 313, the edict of Milan, issued conjointly with Licinius, gave civil rights and toleration to Christians throughout the empire. Constantine was now sole emperor of the west; and by the death of Galerius in 311 and of Maximin in 313, Licinius became sole emperor of the east. After a war (314) between the two rulers, Licinius had to cede Illyricum, Pannonia and Greece, and Constantine for the next nine years devoted himself to the correction of abuses, the strengthening of his frontiers and the chastising of the barbarians. Having in 323 again defeated Licinius, and put him to death, Constantine was now sole ruler of the Roman world. He chose the ancient Greek city of Byzantium for his capital, and in 330 inaugurated it under the name Constantinople. Christianity became a state religion in 324 although paganism was not persecuted. In 325 was held the great Church Council of Nicaea, in which the court sided against the Arians. Yet it was only shortly before his death that Constantine received baptism. The story of his baptism at Rome by Pope Sylvester in 326, and of the so-called Donation of Constantine , long treated as an argument and justification for the temporal power of the papacy, is completely unhistorical. His later years were stained with bloodshed, especially the execution of his eldest son Crispus (326) for treason and of his own second wife Fausta (327) on some similar charge. He proposed to divide the empire between his three sons by Fausta Constantius, Constantine and Constans but in 340 Constantine II lost his life in war with Constans. Constantine the Great died May 22, 337.

37. SkyeNet's Scottish, Celtic & Medieval History Online, Wallace, Bruce, Clearances The ancient Celts* and From the Hallstatt and La Tene Cultures on to the Britons,picts, Scots and Irish, read these brief accounts of Celtic history. http://members.aol.com/skyelander/main.html

Main Western European htmlAdWH('7008303', '234', '60'); [ Bookmark This Site ] [Email this page to a friend or colleague] [ Site Map ] Search this history site powered by FreeFind Note: to stop the music, simply click on 'Bookmark this Site', top. News updates for this site! About this site: These pages will feature: Scottish History, Medieval History, Ancient Celtic History, Irish, Welsh, and early medieval British history. Additions and articles to be updated quarterly, so please check back often for new essays and original articles. Be sure to check out the Online Books, "Story of Scotland" and "Tragic Highland Clearances" and NEW-"Celtic Warriors" Also new is a Scottish Battles Timeline with brief descriptions of each battle. This main page is divided in three categories, (1) Scottish history, (2) Celtic history (Irish, Welsh and ancient Celts) and (3) a special new section devoted to medieval European history: Famous battles, warfare, tactics, weapons, armour, and Dark Age cultures of interest, such as the Vikings. (Still under construction) You're vote in the history mini-poll will determine which articles come first! So please vote. Scottish, Celtic History Messageboards.

38. CELTIC History The Ancient Celtic Warriors Of Europe Purpose A brief history of the ancient Celts, Warriors Also, we will learn of Celtsin Greece, Egypt, Rome, Gaul, Britain, the picts, Scots, Irish and Romano http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/skyelander/menu14.html

CELTIC History: The Ancient Celtic Warriors of Europe Purpose: A brief history of the Ancient Celts, Warriors, weapons and their early society, including their battles. Later chapters will give details on Celtic warriors, battles and migration to all areas. Also, we will learn of Celts in Greece, Egypt, Rome, Gaul, Britain, the Picts, Scots, Irish and Romano-Britons (Welsh related) and some of their decisive moments in history and battle. This should get even more interesting as we get deeper into the chapters. Please feel free to explore ahead using the links below. Introduction to 'Celtic Warriors'- Hallstatt culture. The Beginnings. Part 2: La Tene Celts Part 4: Celts vs the Greeks under Brennos - the sack of Delphi Part 5: Celts in Egypt? a look at Celtic mercenaries Part 6: Celts from Gaul face off against Julius Caesar Part 7: Britain Invaded a British chieftain defies Rome Part 8: Celt Headhunters and the Celts as mercenaries Part 9: Revolt of Boudica and the Celtiberians fight the Romans Part 10: A Celtic Arthur? the British Celts fight the pagan Saxon invaders Part 11: Britons vs Saxons the Britons try to resist Germanic invaders the Picts and Scots battle for Scotland.

39. Visible Traces Of The History Of Scarborough North Yorkshire From 8,000 BC To Th history on Interludes doorstep. Around AD650 the present day Yorkshire area was occupiedby both picts (ancient people of Northern England) and Saxons (Germanic http://homepage.ntlworld.com/interludes/history.htm

History on Interludes doorstep On 11 May '98 the Scarborough Evening News announced that a research team from Cambridge University had uncovered evidence of an advanced community of stone age hunters at Starr Carr about 8 miles from Scarborough between Seamer and Flixton. This community is believed to be more advanced than anything else in Europe at the time and has drawn comparisons with Jericho and the Middle east - traditionally thought of as the cradle of civilisation. Castle Rock 500 BC Excavations in the area of the Castle Rock in the 1920's found Bronze Age relics. It is important to remember that at this time Britain was still joined to Europe - the land to the East was mostly marsh. AD 400 The Romans built a series of signal stations along the East Coast so that fires could be lit in the event of an invasion from the North Sea. These beacons were built at Ravenscar, Scarborough (on Castle Rock) and Filey Brigg. The Scarborough site was abandoned around AD400. Around AD650 the present day Yorkshire area was occupied by both Picts (ancient people of Northern England) and Saxons (Germanic in origin). In AD655 King Oswy of Northumbria defeated the Picts and then ruled the East Coast from Aberdeen down to the Wash. Around AD790 the Danes began attacking Northumbria and by AD880 they had occupied much of Northern England including York which they made their capital. A Danish prince called Thorgil was nicknamed 'Scarthi' which means 'hare lip'. The settlement established in AD966 took its name from "Scarthi's Burgh" or Scarthi's stronghold - hence Scarborough.

40. Sleeping Giant Sculptures - Celtic Design Polymer Clay Sculptures at this point to mention how our understanding of ancient history has. and continuesto radically change. It is fair to say that, if anything, the picts were. http://www.btinternet.com/~joe.porter/pict.htm

The Picts The term 'Pict' or 'Picti' is one that causes a great deal of confusion and misunderstanding. The Roman writer Eumenius first used the term in 297 A.D. to describe the inhabitants of the country now known as Scotland. The translation means 'painted ones'; exactly what was meant is still a bone of contention. On tribesmen who fiercely defended their independence. It is worthwhile noting, however, that the Gauls used wode, the Britons used wode and neither group was described as 'Picti'. I believe the Romans were describing the mode of dress that they found these natives wearing. The use of wode as war paint was seen to be the common practice of 'barbarian peoples' and not worthy of comment. We must remember that Roman writers of the period were the war correspondents of their time and that only the unusual was worth reporting. Only new species were worth transporting home and only the peculiarities of new lands and peoples were worth mentioning. That said, we can then assume that

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