41. A Walk Through Time A walk through time This Internet site, maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), presents the history and evolution of time measurement. Visitors begin in the http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/time.html&a

42. :: Paths Of Physics ::. history, Philosophy and Foundations of physics. The site has moved to http//fisicavolta.unipv.it/percorsi/. http://matsci.unipv.it/percorsi/

History, Philosophy and Foundations of Physics The site has moved to: http://fisicavolta.unipv.it/percorsi/

43. Institute Of Physics - About The Institute Of Physics Energy Particle physics; Higher Education; history of physics; Information Technology, Electronics and Communications; Instrument Science http://about.iop.org/IOP/Groups/

Divisions and Groups Divisions The Divisions act as forums for reviewing research and development in their respective field of physics. Each Division comprises several Subject Groups coming within its area of interest and in collaboration with those Groups organises an annual or biennial conference. Through the Divisional Affairs Committee the Divisions are invited by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) to comment on the its Business Plans for Physics and Materials. There are currently five Divisions: Optics and Photonics Division of Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Nuclear and Particle Physics ... Surface Science and Technology Groups The Subject Groups are concerned with the specialist subject areas of physics, the Professional Groups with the application of physics in research, development and manufacture across a wide range of disciplines. In addition to arranging meetings and conferences, the majority of Groups produce regular newsletters keeping their members in touch with the latest developments in their field and providing information on relevant meetings organised by other bodies. Some Subject Groups make bursaries available to help students attend conferences. Several of the Groups are organised jointly with other societies with similar interests.

44. Plasma Physics -- History Site Map 7H. Plasma physics history. When blood is cleared of its various corpuscles there remains a clear liquid, named plasma http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/whplasma.html

Site Map #7H. Plasma Physics History When blood is cleared of its various corpuscles there remains a clear liquid, named "plasma" by the great Czech medical scientist, Johannes Purkinje (1787-1869). The use of the term "plasma" for an ionized gas started in 1927 with Irving Langmuir (1881-1957), an American whose achievements ranged from the chemistry of surfaces to cloud seeding for promoting rain, and who in 1932 won the Nobel prize for chemistry. Langmuir worked for the General Electric Co., studying electronic devices based on ionized gases, and the way the electrified fluid carried high velocity electrons, ions and impurities reminded him of the way blood plasma carried red and white corpuscles and germs. Irving Langmuir As a result of those studies, carried out on relatively cool and dense plasmas, scientists nowadays can talk of "Langmuir waves" and fly "Langmuir probes" aboard satellites. Gradually plasma research spread in other directions , of which three were particularly significant. First , the development of radio led to the discovery of the ionosphere , the natural "plasma roof" above the atmosphere, which bounces back radio waves and sometimes absorbs them. Starting with the study of the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere, a wide variety of plasma waves was identified, in general spreading differently along magnetic field lines than perpendicular to them.

45. Brief History Introduction A Brief history of Magnetospheric physics During the Space Age. Reviews of Geophysics, 34, 131, 1996 David P. Stern, Laboratory http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/bh2_1.html

A Brief History of Magnetospheric Physics During the Space Age Reviews of Geophysics, 34 David P. Stern, Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 Abstract After 1958, when scientific satellites began exploring the Earth magnetic environment, many puzzling phenomena could be directly examined, especially the polar aurora and disturbances of the Earth's magnetic field [see Stern , 1989a]. The notion of the solar wind, introduced that same year, helped clarify the role of the Sun in driving such phenomena. The large-scale structure of the magnetosphere, the space region dominated by the Earth's magnetic field, was gradually revealed within the next decade: its trapped particles, its boundary, and its long magnetic tail on the night side. Inevitably, however, the new discoveries led to new questions at a more fundamental level, about the transfer of energy, the flow patterns of plasmas and electric currents, the acceleration of the aurora, and about transient events such as magnetic substorms and storms, which energized ions and electrons. Though significant progress has occured in some of these areas, many unresolved issues still remain. This review outlines the history of magnetospheric research, draws some general conclusions and provides an extensive bibliography. Table of Contents Clicking on any marked section on the list below brings up a file containing it and all unmarked sections immediately following it on the list. This list is repeated at the beginning of each file.

46. Institute Of Theoretical Physics - History A short history of Theoretical physics at Hoza 69 Czeslaw Bialobrzewski (18781953) was the first head of Theory at Hoza. He http://info.fuw.edu.pl/~bartnik/hist.html

A short history of Theoretical Physics at Hoza 69... Czeslaw Bialobrzewski (1878-1953) was the first head of Theory at Hoza. He came in 1921 from Jagiellonian University (Cracow). For a long time he was the only theoretician, so he also indulged in experimental work, and, accumulating wisdom, he tackled philosophy... In 1938 he organized the prestigious conference New Theories in Physics . During World War II he continued scientific work with his group under the pretext of carrying out measurements for water works etc. (at that time the occupying Germans, considering the Poles to be an inferior race (Untermenschen), had forbidden any scientific activity). The books he has written in this period have unfortunately been destroyed during the Warsaw Uprising (1944). Myron Mathisson (1897-1940) was the most famous theoretical physicist at Hoza. His works on general relativity are cited even today. At the time he could not get tenure at any Polish university (he was a Jew, you see...). He gave courses on mathematical physics at Hoza as Privatdozent . He spent one year in the Soviet Union in Kazan and in 1939 moved to London, where he died.

47. History Of Physics And Astronomy 4000 Years of Women in Science; The Hypatia Institute A website dedicated to gender equity for women in physics with science history links, science poetry, how http://www.physlink.com/Education/History.cfm

Not a member yet? Get Free Membership Username: Password: Remember me Forgot your login? Ask the Experts Physics ... Become a Sponsor History of Physics and Astronomy Menu General Guides History of Physics History of Mathematics Online Archives, Museums and Exhibits General Guides Center for History of Physics by AIP (Excellent!) Physics Timeline: -585 to 1999 History of Science, Technology and Medicine - WWW Virtual Library: ICOS International Catalog of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences SI Base Units Historical context of the SI base units A Walk though Time A descriptive look at the history of timekeeping from ancient to modern methods History and Philosophy of Physics Research activities, meetings, essays, databases in history and philosophy of physics. A section is dedicated to the history of physics in Italy. Contributions of Physics to Information Technology and Electronics The history of important inventions by physicists in the fields of computers and solid state electronics. History of Physics CERN Historical and Scientific Archives The Nobel Foundation Nobel Prize in Physics: 1998 -1901 The Bruce Medalists Brief biographies of astronomers awarded the Bruce medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, many with portraits.

48. Physics Historical Museum You can see pictures and read descriptions of some of the many hundreds of items in the Grinnell College physics Historical Museum. For a history of the museum http://web.grinnell.edu/physics/PMuseum/

49. UCT Physics - History University of Cape Town physics Department Historical Information. will provide links to articles covering notable milestones in our history, illustrious past http://www.phy.uct.ac.za/courses/dept/history.htm

University of Cape Town Physics Department Historical Information The Department has a long tradition of leading research and teaching in the physical sciences. This page will provide links to articles covering notable milestones in our history, illustrious past members of the department, as well as subsequently famous (or notorious) graduates. Professor R.W. James FRS , pioneer of X-Ray Diffraction (after whom the Physical Sciences building is named). Professor Walter Schaffer , Head of Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, 1957 - 1971. Professor W.E. Frahn , Professor of Theoretical Physics 1964 - 1982, and Head of Department 1972 - 1973 and 1982. A.M. Cormack , 1979 Nobel laureate for Physiology and Medicine, and lecturer in the department 1950 - 1957. Sir Aaron Klug , 1982 Nobel laureate in Chemistry, an MSc student in the department 1946 - 1948. dga/001103 RETURN TO: UCT Physics Department homepage

50. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Physics/History/People/Bohr,_Niels Niels Bohr Archive A repository of primary material for the history of modern physics, pertaining in particular to the early development of quantum mechanics http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Physics/History/People/Bohr,_Niels

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... People Bohr, Niels (20 links) Publications See Also: Science: Chemistry: Elements: Bohrium Science: Physics: Nuclear Science: Physics: Particle Science: Physics: Quantum Mechanics News about Bohr, Niels Scientists 'Beef Up' Plant-dwelling Bacteria To Boost Phytoremediation (April 12, 2004) full story Milky Way Past Was More Turbulent Than Previously Known (April 7, 2004) full story X-ray Shout Echoing Through Space (January 27, 2004) full story Researchers Engineer Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells To Form Sperm Cell Precursors (December 12, 2003) full story Mouse Embryonic Germ Cells And Male Gametes Created In The Lab (December 11, 2003)

51. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Sciences - Physics - History A great resource for United States New - Library - Sciences - physics - history. Find the web s best sites, add websites, and http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=331052

52. PhysicsWeb - Best Of PhysicsWeb Condensed Matter. history of physics. Optics and Lasers. Particle and Nuclear physics. physics in Biology. Superconductivity. Best of history of physics. http://physicsweb.org/bestof/history

Advanced site search best of physicsweb Applied Physics Astronomy and Astrophysics Careers Condensed Matter ... Superconductivity From the reclusive to the flamboyant, the lives and personalities of many great physicists have been as fascinating as their discoveries. Luck and charisma play their roles alongside academic brilliance in the world of science, and both social and scientific aspects of many historic breakthroughs are still hotly debated today. Features William Gilbert: forgotten genius History revisited The Cavendish Laboratory and structural biology The legend of the leaning tower ... John Bell and the most profound discovery of science News New letters expose war-time secrets Reviews The Einstein File: J Edgar Hoover's Secret War Against the World's Most Famous Scientist, Fred Jerome

53. Health Physics Instrumentaion Museum Directory Associated Universities Health physics Historical Instrumentation Museum Collection is to chronicle the scientific and commercial history of radioactivity and http://www.orau.org/ptp/museumdirectory.htm

Privacy/Security Notice MUSEUM DIRECTORY Accidents, Incidents Miscellaneous Atomic Brand Names Monitors and Scalers ... X-ray and Gas Discharge Tubes Military RADIAC Equipment X-ray Tubes - Coolidge Type This site has been chosen as a Yahoo Pick of the Week as well as a selection of the Internet Scout Report. The purpose of Oak Ridge Associated Universities' Health Physics Historical Instrumentation Museum Collection is to chronicle the scientific and commercial history of radioactivity and radiation. It has been deemed the official repository for historical radiological instruments by the Health Physics Society , and the Society has been generous in its financial support for the purchase of items. The collection is the property of the not-for-profit ORAU Foundation, and it is located at the Professional Training Programs (PTP) training facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. To find out more about the collection, or if you are interested in making a donation, please contact Dr. Paul Frame via E-mail ( framep@orau.gov

54. APS News Online This Month In The History Of Physics Linksgiving.com Science Technology physics historyWinner of the Weekly Link Award Center for history of physics Winner of the Weekly Link Award - The Center for history of physics at the American Institute http://www.aps.org/apsnews/thismont.html

This page has moved, please make a note of this. Your browser should automatically be redirected to the new location. If your browser does not move, click on the link below: APS News Online This Month in the History of Physics

55. Sir Isaac Newton And The Unification Of Physics & Astronomy Sir Isaac Newton and the Unification of physics Astronomy Sir Isaac Newton (16421727) was by many standards the most important http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newton.html

Sir Isaac Newton and the Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was by many standards the most important figure in the development of modern science. Many would credit he and Einstein with being the most original thinkers in that development. The Accomplishments of Newton Newton's accomplishments were of astonishingly broad scope. For example, as a sidelight to his fundamental contributions in physics and astronomy, he (in parallel with Liebnitz) invented the mathematical discipline of calculus, so if you have to take both physics and calculus courses, you have Newton to blame! No survey course such as this one can possibly do justice to what Newton accomplished. The poet Alexander Pope was moved to pen the lines Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night; God said, Let Newton be! and all was light and a study of Newton's discoveries suggests that Pope was indulging only slightly in hyperbole. We shall concentrate on three developments of most direct relevance to our discussion: (1) Newton's Three Laws of Motion, (2) the Theory of Universal Gravitation, and (3) the demonstration that Kepler's Laws follow from the Law of Gravitation. The Great Synthesis of Newton Kepler had proposed three Laws of Planetary motion based on the systematics that he found in Brahe's data. These Laws were supposed to apply only to the motions of the planets; they said nothing about any other motion in the Universe. Further, they were purely empirical: they worked, but no one knew a fundamental reason WHY they should work.

56. SLCentral Directory - Science - Physics - History SLCentral Directory Science - physics - history. These pictures are in the vein of The history of physics and contains images of notable phsyicists. http://www.slcentral.com/directory/index.php/Science/Physics/History/

Site of the Week: Polyphonic Ringtones For ring tones nokia Friday 11 th June 2004 05:16 AM Advanced Search Recieve bi-weekly updates on news, new articles, and more Most Popular Links college fight songs ring tones Samsung A800 Polyphonic Ringtones free and ringtones and cingular and nokia Nokia 3560 Polyphonic Ringtones Gift Ideas accessories for the lg vx4400 cell phone free ringtones to copy onto my mobile phone fone, nokia Antennas Car Stereo ... How To Build A Water Bong Other Stuff car audio canton ohio Tack And Equestrian replica wheels alloy Womens Fragrance Paul Smith ... Submit a Site SLCentral Directory - Science - Physics - History People Atomic Age Electromagnetism See also: Science: Astronomy: History Science: Chemistry: History Science: Math: History Science: Physics: Education ... Society: Issues This category in other languages: Danish French German Spanish ... American Physical Society Forum on the History of Physics - A member unit of the American Physical Society. It was founded as a venue for physicists, historians, and other members of the APS with an interest in discussing and exploring the historical dimensions of physics research. Forum benefits and activities include the Forum's widely read semiannual Newsletter and sponsored sessions at the March and April meetings of the APS. Atomic Archive - This site explores the complex history surrounding the invention of the atomic bomb Center for History of Physics - Has a mission to preserve and make known the history of modern physics and allied sciences including astronomy, geophysics and optics.

57. Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons And Human Rights A biography of Andrei Sakharov and his contributions to Soviet nuclear weapons research, nuclear fusion, cosmology, human rights, and world peace. Includes a bibliography and links to related sites. http://www.aip.org/history/sakharov/

Text Version ndrei Sakharov (1921-1989) was a Soviet physicist who became, in the words of the Nobel Peace Committee, a spokesman for the conscience of mankind . He was fascinated by fundamental physics and cosmology, but first he spent two decades designing nuclear weapons. He came to be regarded as the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, contributing perhaps more than anyone else to the military might of the USSR. But gradually Sakharov became one of the regime’s most courageous critics, a defender of human rights and democracy. He could not be silenced, and helped bring down one of history’s most powerful dictatorships. This exhibit tells about Sakharov’s extraordinary life. This exhibit is brought to you by the Center for History of Physics a division of the American Institute of Physics Next: Early Years, 1921-1944 Material on this site is American Institute of Physics and Gennady Gorelik

58. Great Moments In Solar Physics 1 Great Moments in the history of Solar physics (1). 1223 BC The oldest eclipse record. 207221. Later Great Moments in the history of solar physics. http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/great_moments.html

Great Moments in the History of Solar Physics (1) 1223 BC: The oldest eclipse record Total eclipses of the Sun are arguably the most impressive astronomical phenomenon that can be observed more or less regularly with the naked eye (see slides 9 and slide 10 of the HAO slide set The Sun: A Pictorial Introduction ). They occur when the Moon reaches a point in its orbit around the Earth that lies on the line joining the Earth and Sun. By a remarkable coincidence, the Moon's angular diameter, as seen from the Earth, is almost identical to that of the Sun. The Sun's disk is then completely eclipsed, and daytime darkness falls upon the Earth for a few minutes (This physical explanation of the phenomenon was only put forth much later, in the first century BC). Like comets, solar eclipses were taken to be astrological omens of great significance. It is therefore not surprising that such a spectacular event is often mentioned in surviving written records and chronicles of ancient civilizations. The oldest eclipse record is found on a clay tablet uncovered in the ancient city of Ugarit, (in what is now Syria), with two plausible dates usually cited: 3 May 1375 BC or 5 March 1223 BC, the latter being favored by most recents authors on the topic. It is certainly clear that by the eight century BC, the Babylonians were keeping a systematic record of solar eclipses, and may even have been able to predict them fairly accurately based on numerological rules.

59. Solar Physics Information Solar physics Information. What is the history of solar physics? Some great moments in the history of solar physics ca. 200 BC The distance to the Sun. http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/sp.html

Solar Physics Information What is the history of solar physics? Solar physics began with the invention of the telescope at the beginning of the 17th century. Using this new device in the period from 1610 to 1613, Galileo studied the properties of dark sunspots and established their existence as features move on the visible disk of the Sun as it rotates. Thus began observations to lead eventually to the discovery of the 11 year cycle of solar activity by the amateur astronomer S. Schwabe, in 1843. Another major scientific advance came in 1817 with Fraunhofer's discovery of 'dark lines' in the spectrum of light from the Sun. Coupled with the understanding of atomic energy levels, studies of the solar spectrum gave us a scientific method to learn the atomic composition of the sun and the temperatures in its outer layers. Solar spectroscopy advanced rapidly late in the 19th century to the development of specialized instruments showing the existence of magnetic fields on the Sun at Mt. Wilson Observatory in 1908. Solar astronomers continued fruitful studies of the Sun from the ground until the space age dawned in 1946 with rocket observations and then accelerated in 1957 with the launch of Sputnik. Rocket instruments and orbiting satellites allowed observation of the ultraviolet and x-ray regions of the solar spectrum for the first time (since these wavelengths are normally absorbed by the earth's atmosphere and do not reach the ground) and thus opened the way for high temperature astrophysics to be applied to the solar atmosphere where temperature can exceed 1 million degrees. Although our understanding of solar-type stars required ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, such short wavelength emission cannot be observed from the ground because of absorption by the Earth's atmosphere.

60. Science, Physics, History, People: Newton, Isaac Isaac Newton (1642 1727) - Detailed biography reproduced from a 1908 history of mathematics. Isaac Newton - Short biography and sketch from PBS. http://www.combose.com/Science/Physics/History/People/Newton,_Isaac/

Top Science Physics History ... Newton, Isaac Related links of interest: Kids and Teens:School Time:Science:Scientists:Newton, Isaac Science:Physics:Classical Mechanics:People BBC Online: Sir Isaac Newton - Detailed biography includes a look at Newton's early years and his developing interest in science. Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727) - Detailed biography reproduced from a 1908 history of mathematics. Isaac Newton - Short biography and sketch from PBS. Observations of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John - Summarizes how Newton was one of the most prolific writers about Bible prophecy, penning over a million words on the subject. Sir Isaac Newton Resource Page - A tongue-in-cheek collection of"facts"about Newton, Liebniz, and Kepler. Sir Isaac Newton - Dialogue with Daniel Zwerdling, author of 'The Last Sorcerer', from NPR. Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor The combose.com directory is based on the Open Directory and has been modified and enhanced using our own technology.

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