101. Reference Table Constants Back to the Brockport High School Science Department. http://www.frontiernet.net/~jlkeefer/refercst.html

Back to the Brockport High School Science Department

102. Physics Today March 2001 One of the recurring themes in the physics behind the fundamental constantsis that their values are rarely determined by a direct measurement. http://www.physicstoday.com/pt/vol-54/iss-3/p29.html

Back to Table of Contents March Articles: Adjusting the Values of the Fundamental Constants Time Measurement at the Millennium Joseph Loschmidt, Physicist and Chemist Site Index Physics Today Home Page Current Issue Past Contents Job Ads Upcoming Meetings Buyer's Guide About Physics Today Contact Us Advertising Information Print Ad Rates and Specs Online Ad Rates and Specs Advertiser Index Product Information Information Exchange Adjusting the Values of the Fundamental Constants Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor The best values of the fundamental constants can rarely be determined by a direct measurement. Instead, they are usually found at the end of a chain of experimental observations and theoretical relationships. In science, comparing theoretical predictions to experimental measurements often requires knowing the value of one or more of the fundamental physical constants or conversion factors, such as the electron mass or the relation between the electron volt and the joule. For these purposes, one looks up and uses the latest values of the necessary constants in a suitable table. The source of the numbers in the table is often not given much thought, however, nor is it critical in most cases. Further investigation into the source of the numbers reveals that they are determined by a broad range of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations involving many fields of physics and metrology. The best value of even a single constant is likely to be determined by an indirect chain of information based on seemingly unrelated phenomena. For example, the value of the mass of the electron in kilograms is based mainly on the combined information from experiments that involve classical mechanical and electromagnetic measurements, the highest precision optical laser spectroscopy, electrons in a trap, and condensed matter quantum phenomena, together with condensed matter theory and extensive calculations in quantum electrodynamics (QED). This particular chain of information will be examined in more detail below.

103. Physical Constants And Astronomical Data Physical constants and Astronomical Data. New! It is a JavaScript calculatorwith all of the constants below programmed into it. Physical constants. http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constants.html

Physical Constants and Astronomical Data New! Try my Physical Calculator . It is a JavaScript calculator with all of the constants below programmed into it. Physical Constants (converted to CGS units from the NIST Constant Index Name Symbol Number Exp CGS Units Relative Error (ppm) speed of light in a vacuum c cm s exact Planck constant h erg s hbar erg s Gravitational constant G cm g s Electron charge e esu Mass of electron m e g Mass of proton m p g Mass of neutron m n g Mass of hydrogen m H g Atomic mass unit amu g Avagadro's number N A Boltzmann constant k erg k Electron volt eV erg Radiation density constant a erg cm K Stefan-Boltzmann constant erg cm K s Fine structure constant Rydberg constant R erg Note: a "" in the error column means that I have not found a good source for that constant, so the value quoted is just an approximation Astronomical Units/Data NAME SYMBOL NUMBER EXP CGS UNITS Astronomical unit AU 1.496 13 cm Parsec pc 3.086 18 cm Light year ly 9.463 17 cm Solar mass M o 1.99 33 g Solar radius R o 6.96 10 cm Solar luminosity L

104. Fundamental Physical Constants The fundamental constants represent the numerical constants establishedexperimental, tied up to physical processes of varied nature. http://www.themeter.net/costanti_e.htm

unit of measure conversions equivalences italiano english Conversion table choose a quantity ACCELERATION ANGLE AREA ELECTRICITY e MAGNET. ENERGY and WORK FORCE HEAT, entropy, etc. LENGTH LIGHT MASS and INERTIA MOMENT of FORCE PERMEABILITY POWER PRESSURE RADIOLOGY TEMPERATURE TIME VELOCITY and SPEED VISCOSITY,dyna., kine. VOLUME, capac. flow Conversion factors in PDF choose A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T V W Y ALL LIST international system of units SI prefixes fundamental physical constants SI base and derived units ... periodic table fundamental physical constant quantity symbol value unit of measure constant of gravitation G newton*m /kg Avogadro constant N A mol Faraday constant F coulomb/mole Boltzmann constant k joule/K molar gas constant R joule/mole*K speed of light in vacuum c m/s elementary charge e coulomb permittivity of vacuum e coulomb /N*m permeability of vacuum m*kg/coulomb electron mass m e kg proton mass m p kg neutron mass m n kg classical electron radius r e m Stefan-Boltzmann constant s joule/m

105. Physics Problem Symbols used in Problems http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~dmason/probs/glossary/Symbols/Symbols.html

Symbols used in Problems...

106. AGU Reference Shelf Online 1 320. Fundamental Physical constants and Conversion Factors (l23) ~676KB PDFBruce M. Moskowitz 346. Earth Rotation (l-24) ~1.4MB PDF Jean 0. Dickey 356. http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys.html

Order print version This document is published in a searchable PDF format. To search Use the Find feature on your plug-in (rather than the browser menu bar.) Book Contents ~1.8MB PDF Preface MB PDF Contents ~51KB PDF Chapters Astrometric and Geodetic Properties of Earth and the Solar System (l-l) ~2.4MB PDF Charles F. Yoder 1 Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms (l-2) ~751KB PDF Anny Cazenave 32 Earth Tides (l-3) ~765KB PDF John Wahr 40 Global Magnetic Field (l-4) ~1.8MB PDF Jeremy Bloxham 47 Present Plate Motions and Plate Boundaries (1-5) ~1.7MB PDF Richard G. Gordon 66 Seismic Models of the Earth: Elastic and Anelastic (l-6) ~2MB PDF T. G. Masters and P.M. Shearer 88 Free Oscillations: Frequencies and Attenuations (l-7) ~2.3MB PDF T. G. Masters and R. Widmer 104 Seismic Traveltime Tables (l-8) ~1.9MB PDF B. L. N. Kennett 126 Heat Flow of the Earth (l-9) ~2.7MB PDF Carol A. Stein 144 Composition of the Solar System, Planets, Meteorites, and Major Terrestrial Reservoirs (l-10) ~3.4MB PDF Horton E. Newsom 159

107. Symbols And Abbreviations s, sigma, StefanBoltzmann constant (5.67 x 10 - 8 W / m 2 K 4 ). look funny (oryou just want to know where you are!), see the College physics for Students of http://www.rwc.uc.edu/koehler/biophys/symb.html

Symbols and Abbreviations Units are denoted by an asterisk. Dimensions and values of constants are in parentheses. See also the NIST pages on constants, units and uncertainty a, A acceleration (length / time atomic mass (total number of protons and neutrons in an atom) A Amperes * (electric current = C / s), Angstroms* (length = 10 m), amplitude (length) b intercept of a linear graph, drag coefficient (mass / time) B magnetic field (force / current) c speed of light (2.998 x 10 m / s), specific heat (energy / mass x temperature), concentration (number / volume), speed of sound cal calories * (energy = 4.186 J) cc cubic centimeter c g group velocity c p phase velocity C Celsius* (temperature), Coulombs * (electric charge), capacitance (charge / electric potential), heat capacity (energy / temperature), concentration Cal kilocalories * (energy) Ci Curie * (unit of radiation, equivalent to 3.7 x 10 decays / s) d distance D diffusion constant (area / time) db decibels (relative intensity) e electron, charge of an electron (1.602 x 10 C) eV electron Volts * (energy = 1.602 x 10

108. New Scientist NewScientist.com news service. One of the fundamental constants that underpins physicshas not changed as the Universe has evolved, according to a new analysis. http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994844

109. Physics - The Complete Guide To Physics - Articles - Glossary - Examples - Help You are here About Homework Help physics. Search. physics I am yourGuide, From Joseph Andersen, Your Guide to physics. Top physics http://physics.miningco.com/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Physics Home ... Physics FAQ zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); References, Glossary Worked Problems, Examples Thermodynamics Quantum Physics ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Physics newsletter. Search Physics From Joseph Andersen Your Guide to Physics FREE Newsletter. Sign up now! Gemini Mirror is First with Silver Lining PPARC Press Release 10th June 2004 A silver coating newly applied to the 8-metre mirror of the Gemini South telescope is set to make it the most powerful infrared telescope on the Earth, allowing UK astronomers and their international partners to study in detail the formation of stars and planets. A key measure of a telescope's Read more... Thursday June 10, 2004 Saturn within our sights - UK scientists look forward to entering Saturn's orbit 3rd June 2004 PPARC Press Release On 1st July 2004 the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft, a joint NASA, European Space Agency [ESA] and Italian Space Agency [AI] mission, will enter Saturn's orbit after a 7 year journey which has taken it past Venus (twice), Earth and Jupiter. UK scientists are involved with instruments on both the Cassini orbiter and the Huygens probe. Huygens will separate from the orbiter on the 25 December 2004 and descend onto the surface Read more...

110. Physical Constants Acceleration constant, g 0, 9.80665 m/s 2. NIST Constant Index (best one); FundamentalPhysical constants (SI); Fundamental Physical constants (SI with errors); http://www.f.kth.se/~f95-pax/refs/PeriodicTable/constants_physics.html

The periodic Table coloured by Discovery coloured by States Constants, Astronomy Constants, Physics SI Units by Peder Axensten e (math) e Speed of light (vacium) c m/s Gravitational constant C N m /kg Acceleration constant g 9.80665 m/s Universal unity of mass u kg Avogadro number N A mol General gas constant R 8.3143 J/mol K = N A k B Permeability constant of vacuum Vs/Am Permittivity constant of vacuum As/Vm c Fine structure constant = e Elementary charge e As (e/m As/kg) Electron rest mass m e kg u Electron radius r e m Electron g factor g e Electron gyromagnetic ratio e /sT e B /h Electron magnetic moment e J/T = -g e B Proton rest mass m p kg = 1.0072859 u Proton g factor (Lande factor) g H Proton gyromagnetic ratio (H O) p /sT Proton magnetic moment p J/T Neutron rest mass m n kg = 1.00867 u Bohr radius (hydrogen) a m Bohr magneton B Am = eh/m e N(uclear) Am = eh/m p Botlzmann constant k J/K = R/N A Compton electron wavelength c m = h/m e c Compton proton wavelength cp m = h/m p c Faraday constant F 96485.309 As/mol = N A Planck's constant h Js h Js) Stefan-boltzmann constant W/m K Rydberg constant R 10973731.534 m

111. PHY211 Unit Converter and press enter. You can also use this applet to reference major Physicsconstants in the bottom part of the applet. The source of http://www.pa.uky.edu/~phy211/UnitConverter/

If your browser recognized the applet tag, you would see an applet here. It might take awhile to download the applet, please wait ... This Java applet can be used to convert various kinds of Physics units into one another. Select the type of the units in the selection box on the top and chose a couple of units that you would like to do conversion between. Then, if you enter a numerical value in one of the text fields, you get the converted value in the other field. The numerical value in the right textfield is recalculated every time you: double click on a new unit (either on the left or on the right); select a new type of units ("Length", "Mass", ... ); edit the numerical value on the left and press enter The numerical value on the left is recalculated only if you edit the numerical value on the right and press enter. You can also use this applet to reference major Physics constants in the bottom part of the applet. The source of information on conversion and constants used in the creation of this applet is shown in the reference window ( press the button "Reference" ). Distribution files Created, designed and compiled by Vladimir Sorokin, 1997. See

112. AGU Reference Shelf Online 3 © 1995 by the American Geophysical Union. Order print version. Thisdocument is published in a searchable PDF format. To search Use http://www.agu.org/reference/rock.html

Order print version This document is published in a searchable PDF format. To search Use the Find feature on your plug-in (rather than the browser menu bar.) Book Contents ~158KB PDF Table of Contents ~39KB PDF Chapters Preface ~72KB PDF Thomas J. Ahrens vii Classification of Rocks and their Abundances on the Earth ~682KB PDF Myron G. Best 1 Sediments and Soils: Chemistry and Abundances (3-2) ~943KB PDF Scott M. McLennan 8 Acoustic Velocity and Attenuation in Porous Rocks (3-3) ~1.38MB PDF Kenneth W. Winkler and William F. Murphy III 20 Shock Wave Data for Rocks (3-4) ~623KB PDF Thomas J. Ahrens and Mary L. Johnson 35 Pressure-Volume-Temperature Properties of H O-CO2 Fluids (3-6) ~2.03MB PDF Teresa S. Bowers 45 Experimental Trace Element Partitioning (3-7) ~2.83MB PDF John H. Jones 73 Thermal Conductivity of Rocks and Minerals (3-9) ~1.99MB PDF Christoph Clauser and Ernst Huenges 105 Rock Failure (3-10) ~2.16KB PDF

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