21. Pesticides & Environment pesticides environment. Dr Mushtaq Hussain Jokhio. pesticides are mainly used to control and eradicate disease vectors of desirable plant species, which in turn improve agricultural productivity . http://www.angelfire.com/az/Sindh/envi11.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Dr Mushtaq Hussain Jokhio Pesticides are mainly used to control and eradicate disease vectors of desirable plant species, which in turn improve agricultural productivity. In today's world, particularly in developing countries, the use of pesticides have become so important that they are linked with improvement of human welfare (Otter et al., 1980). Because the losses of crops caused by pests are higher in developing countries, specifically under mono-cropping systems. Pesticide poisoning in developing countries occurs in variety of ways. The group most at risk is farm worker, who mixes and applies pesticides in the field, also enters in the field after spraying. In 1976 massive poisoning among spray men of Malaria Control Programme occurred in Pakistan, and more than 7500 field workers were affected and five of them died (WHO, 1978). These injuries were result of mixing pesticides by hand and other poor practices (USAID, 1977). Effect of Pesticides on Livestock: Increasing use of pesticides has contributed in livestock diseases and mortality in rural areas of Pakistan. In December 1997, in Landhi Karachi, 40 buffaloes and cattle died due to unknown reasons. After laboratory tests it was identified that these animals died due to pesticide poisoning. After feed analysis it was found that their cotton seed cakes were contaminated with organo chlorine pesticide residue. In Tando Adam (Sindh), a herd of cattle and buffalo was affected due to pesticide poisoning, while the herd was grazing in fallow land besides cotton field, because cotton field was sprayed with pesticides.

22. EUROPA - Environment - Chemicals As many pesticides are deliberately released to the environment, they are also a source of surface and ground water pollution. Therefore http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/chemicals/

en EUROPA European Commission Environment Policies ... Resources Consultation: Development of an EU Mercury Strategy Chemicals In the early days of the European Community it was recognised that there was a need to protect the Community's environment and to create common standards to protect consumers in order to ensure the free circulation of goods among the Member States. For this reason, the first Community environment legislation dealt with products, amongst them dangerous chemicals. However, in recent years, drawbacks of the current system have been identified and examined. The most important of these are: 100.106 existing substances can be used without testing burden of proof on public authorities no efficient instrument to ensure safe use of the most problematic substances lack of incentives for innovation, in particular of less hazardous substitutes The White Paper on the Strategy for a future Chemicals policy , adopted on 13 February 2001, addresses the shortcomings of the current system. The REACH proposal was adopted by the Commission on 29 October 2003.

23. UCONN IPM Promotes the use of a variety of pest control methods designed to protect public health and the environment, and to produce quality crops and other commodities with the most judicious use of pesticides. http://www.hort.uconn.edu/ipm/index.html

University of Connecticut IPM To users of browsers not capable of frames: Our new Home Page is designed specifically to work with browsers with frame capabilities. Since you are reading this message, you are using a browser that cannot display frames. You can go directly to our no-frames pages. To do so, click here. Enjoy your visit, whether you view it with frames or without!.

24. Environment Agency - Pesticides The levels of pesticides found in the environment are not necessarily in proportion to their usage. The environment Agency’s 2001 pesticide report http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/business_industry/agri/pests/

25. EPA: Pesticides - Rights and responsibilities when working in pesticide environment http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/workers/PART170.htm#170.102

Pesticides: Health and Safety Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Pesticides Health and Safety Worker Safety Training ... Recursos en Español Part 170 - Worker Protection Standard The Code of Federal Regulations files for this site are taken from the Federal Register, 40 CFR Part 170. Use this electronic CFR file for informational purposes only. The only official electronic CFR files reside on the Government Printing Office's Home Page, which provides an accurate redistribution of the official, authoritative paperbound volumes. For more information, contact: group.pesticide-safety@epa.gov Subpart AGeneral Provisions Sec. 170.1 Scope and purpose. 170.3 Definitions. 170.5 Effective date and compliance dates. 170.7 General duties and prohibited actions. ... 170.9 Violations of this part. Subpart BStandard for Workers Sec.

26. U.S. EPA Recalls Faulty Home Pesticide Products CNN http://cnn.com/2000/NATURE/05/31/environment.pesticides.reut/index.html

27. Pesticide Residues Seen Too High In Children's Food CNN http://cnn.com/2000/NATURE/06/07/environment.pesticides.reut/index.html

28. Environmental Quality Program By their very nature, most pesticides pose some risk of harm to humans, animals or the environment because they are designed to kill or adversely affect living http://contaminants.fws.gov/Issues/Pesticides.cfm

Pesticides and Wildlife Accessible Acrobat Reader download page. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to view pdf files. Contact Us at contaminants@fws.gov USFWS Home Page FOIA Gilliom, Robert ). Pesticides were identified as one of the 15 leading causes of impairment for streams included on States' Clean Water Act section 303(d) lists of impaired waters. Pesticides have also been identified as a potential cause of amphibian declines and deformities and as one of a number of potential causes of pollinator species' declines and declines of other beneficial insects. By their very nature, most pesticides pose some risk of harm to humans, animals or the environment because they are designed to kill or adversely affect living organisms. Significant fish and bird kills have resulted from the legal application of pesticides, such as the 1991 death of more than one million fish in Louisiana ( Williams, Ted

29. Pesticide Watch Information about pesticides and the problems associated with pesticide use. Provide California communities with the tools they need to protect themselves and the environment from the hazards of pesticides. http://www.pesticidewatch.org/

MM_preloadImages('Images/Buttons/linksON.gif'); MM_preloadImages('Images/Buttons/GetInvolvedON.gif'); MM_preloadImages('Images/Buttons/PestProblemON.gif'); MM_preloadImages('Images/Buttons/SchoolsON.gif'); MM_preloadImages('Images/Buttons/homegardenON.gif'); Get Involved! Pesticide Watch Campaigns The Pesticide Problem Pesticides in Schools Pesticides in Parks ... Overkill: Why Pesticide Spraying for West Nile Virus in California May Cause More Harm Than Good Pesticide Watch and Pesticide Watch Education Fund are sister organizations dedicated to fighting dangerous pesticide use in California communities. For nearly a decade, Pesticide Watch and Pesticide Watch Education Fund have been providing California communities with the tools they need to protect themselves and the environment from the hazards of pesticides. Our staff provide a wide range of assistance for community groups and activists: Information about pesticides and the problems associated with pesticide use;

30. Centre For Science And Environment (CSE) Home Page 05, 2004 JPC report sets a reform agenda for environmental and public health action. confirms pesticides in 75 per cent of tested samples of soft drinks more http://www.cseindia.org/

Air Pollution Global Green Governance Pollution Monitoring Lab ... CSE Publications What happend to our right to clean air? Climate change, global warming, who takes all the decisions? Applying scientific research to study pollution in air, water and soil The way to sustainable industrial growth Good health and clean environment. Two sides of the same coin Taking environment into classrooms, worldwide Campaign to make water everybody's business Books, monographs, documentaries, images and much more... CSE Main Site... About CSE Down To Earth Campaigns Programmes Newsletters In the News Library CSE Store WHAT'S NEW AT CSE Sign up for our fortnightly newsletter Industry pays a pittance for the water it uses, and wastes Caught in a socio- economical transition, what is the future of these forest patches? In-depth coverage and additional resources Ground- water Prospects map of Delhi Detailed block-wise hydro- geological data Small farmers are constantly innovating with sustainable irrigation Seven experts on the CoP-9 negotiations in Milan, Italy (Dec. 1-12)

31. FADINAP PESTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENT DATABASE Commercial Products. (2naphthyloxy)acetic acid 1,2-dichloropropane 1,3-dichloropropene 1-naphthylacetamide 1-naphthylacetic acid http://www.fadinap.org/pesticide/script_arsap/list_ai_prod.idc

Commercial Products (2-naphthyloxy)acetic acid 1,2-dichloropropane 1,3-dichloropropene 1-naphthylacetamide ... ziram

32. Imagine That! No Calls For More Pesticides -- Environment Refer this site to a friend! (click here). environment Free Market Project. Imagine That! No Calls For More pesticides. You will want http://www.freemarketproject.org/environment/2003/envir20031126.asp

Bias in the media is a threat to America's most democratic system - its free market system. Select Topic Absurdity Advisor Thoughts Commentary Economic Terrorism Environment Electionomics Litigation WSJ Watch Home Search About FMP Advisors Links Books ... Site Search Environment Free Market Project Imagine That! No Calls For More Pesticides You will want to carefully check any fruit from California you are planning to serve at Thanksgiving dinner. “It may make sense for Massachusetts residents to pay extra attention when shopping for fruit over the holiday weekend after reports of black widow spiders hidden among bunches of red grapes in three supermarkets. The unfortunate shoppers included a Boylston woman, who found a black widow spider in some red seedless grapes she was feeding to her one-year-old daughter.” Those sentences come from an MSNBC / Associated Press report on several incidents in which flummoxed shoppers discovered they had brought more than produce home from their local grocery store. Buried near the end of the piece was this shocking—shocking!—revelation: “Officials say the occasional spider may be due to farmers using less pesticides on their fruit.”

33. A Method To Measure The Environmental Impact Of Pesticides pesticides should be used in agricultural production systems because they are naturally occurring and are perceived to be less harmful to the environment. http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/EIQ.html

id=13849 Home Online Publications A Method to Measure the Environmental Impact of Pesticides Authors: J. Kovach*, C. Petzoldt, J. Degni**, and J. Tette, IPM Program, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station Geneva, New York 14456 *current address: Dept. of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 **current address: Cornell Cooperative Extension, Lewis County, Lowville, New York 13367 Skip to Table 2, List of Pesticides Introduction and Background Because of the EPA pesticide registration process, there is a wealth of toxicological and environmental impact data for most pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural systems. However, these data are not readily available or organized in a manner that is usable to the IPM practitioner. Therefore, the purpose of this bulletin is to organize the published environmental impact information of pesticides into a usable form to help growers and other IPM practitioners make more environmentally sound pesticide choices. This bulletin presents a method to calculate the environmental impact of most common fruit and vegetable pesticides (insecticides, acaricides, fungicides and herbicides) used in commercial agriculture. The values obtained from these calculations can be used to compare different pesticides and pest management programs to ultimately determine which program or pesticide is likely to have the lower environmental impact.

34. Pesticides In Schools safety of pesticides and because children, who are particularly vulnerable to harmful substances in their environment, may be exposed to pesticides in their http://www.oag.state.ny.us/environment/schools96.html

Home Press Releases Tour the AG's Office Contact the AG's Office ... Index Updated 1-24-03 Pesticides in Schools: Reducing the Risks Attorney General of New York New York State Department of Law Environmental Protection Bureau Original printing: March 1993 Revised: Feb. 1994, Feb.1996 Contents Introduction Summary Pesticides and Safety Survey Method ... Appendices A Schools Responding to the Survey B Some Pesticides Reported Used C Some Sources of Information about Integrated Pest Management NOTE: In 1993, this report was recognized by the New York State Library Association's Government Information Roundtable, with its "Notable Documents Award." The Roundtable commended the Attorney General's Office for an exemplary awareness of the need to provide access to information vital to the public." INTRODUCTION Pesticides, a diverse group of toxic chemicals, are widely used in agricultural production, in factories and offices, in homes and restaurants, and in schools. Schools, with their kitchens and cafeterias, athletic fields and playgrounds, classrooms and offices, are regularly treated with a variety of pesticides. An increasing body of scientific data on the potentially harmful effects of pesticide exposure on people and the environment rightfully raises concern about the broad use of these toxic substances. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, "All pesticides are toxic to some degree. This means they can pose some risk to you, to your children and pets...." The commonplace, widespread use of pesticides is both a major environmental problem and a public health issue.

35. The Secret Hazards Of Pesticides use of pesticides, has categorized inert ingredients into four groups substances known to cause longterm health damage and harm the environment, chemicals http://www.oag.state.ny.us/environment/inerts96.html

Home Press Releases Tour the AG's Office Contact the AG's Office ... Index Updated 1-24-03 The Secret Hazards of Pesticides: Inert Ingredients Attorney General of New York New York State Office of the Attorney General Environmental Protection Bureau February 1996 Printable version of this page Contents The Secret Hazards of Pesticides: Inert Ingredients Table 1: Percent Inerts in Some Pesticide Products Table 2: Some Adverse Health Effects of Certain Inert Pesticide Ingredients Table 3: Guide to Selected Regulations Covering Chemicals Also Used As Inerts ... Explanation of Regulations and Advisories for Selected Chemicals Used As Inerts The Secret Hazards of Pesticides: Inert Ingredients Look at any label on a pesticide product and you will find a list of "active" ingredients, with a few long chemical names, and then typically the phrase "inert ingredients," with only a single percentage figure given and no listing of individual ingredients. The active ingredients are the chemicals used to control the target pest and must be listed on the label. The so-called "inert" ingredients are used as carriers for the active ingredients, to help dissolve them, make them easier to apply or to preserve them. Inerts usually make up at least half if not most of consumer pesticide products. For instance, 99.1 percent of Raid's Ant and Roach Killer is inert ingredients and Ortho Diazinon Dust is 96 percent inerts. Of the 85 pesticide products examined by the Attorney General's office, 75 percent contained over 90 percent inert ingredients (see

36. .::Environment & Human Health, Inc. EHHI is dedicated to protecting human health from environmental harms through Cancer Diesel Exhaust pesticides Asthma School Environments Smoke. http://www.ehhi.org/

Home About Links Publications ... info@ehhi.org Environment and Human Health, Inc. EHHI is dedicated to protecting human health from environmental harms through research, education and promotion of sound public policy. Our Mission Latest EHHI Report EHHI's report on the State of Nutrition and Physical Activity In Our Schools Click here for full text, summary and more. Latest EHHI Press Release Study of Nutrition and Physical Activity in Connecticut Schools, finds "that physical exercise and physical education were woefully lacking in schools while schools provide many opportunities to eat high fat and high sugar foods outside the lunch room. Click here for press release. Cancer Diesel Exhaust Pesticides ... more A Survey of Asthma Prevalence in Elementary School Children 2003 Risks from Lawn Care Pesticides, Including Inadequate Labeling Packaging and Labeling Children's Exposures to Diesel Exhaust on School Buses 12 steps to reducing carcinogenic exposures Asthma among School Age Children in Connecticut ... EHHI 1191 Ridge Road North Haven, Connecticut 06473 Phone: (203) 248-6582 Fax: (203) 288-7571 info@ehhi.org

37. Pesticide Reduction pesticides were the first product group addressed under the policy they are potentially hazardous chemicals intentionally placed directly into the environment. http://www.cityofseattle.net/environment/pesticides.htm

SEATTLE.GOV City Services Departments Staff Directory ... City Contacts Site Directory About OSE Accomplishments Annual Report 2003 Chemical Use Reduction Clean Air Earth Day Earth Day Calendar Earth Day Event Submit Environmental Action Agenda Environmental Management Program Events Calendar Green Fleets Healthy Urban Environments Lean Green City Government Legislation Links - City Links - External Message from OSE Director OSE Workprogram 2003 PBTs Smart Mobility Pesticide Reduction Pesticide Tier Tables Publications and Reports (OSE) Segway Life Cycle Cost Analysis Sustainable Infrastructure Resource Directory Sustainable Purchasing Treated Wood Trees - Contacts Urban Forest West Nile Virus What's New What are the goals of the Pesticide Reduction Program? The two main goals of the program are (1) to eliminate the use of the most potentially hazardous herbicides and insecticides and (2) to achieve a 30 percent reduction in overall pesticide use. These are aggressive goals considering the grounds staff have been practicing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for over 20 years, using pest prevention and mechanical and cultural methods in landscape maintenance. Why does the City have a Pesticide Reduction Program?

38. FAQ: WOMEN AND PESTICIDES Search our database by Health Topic or enter your own keywords. WOMEN AND pesticides. DDT does not occur naturally in the environment. http://www.4woman.gov/faq/envfaq/pest.htm

Search our database by Health Topic or enter your own keywords WOMEN AND PESTICIDES What is DDT? How might I be exposed to DDT? How can DDT affect my health? I am concerned about pesticide in my food. Is this something I should be worried about? What is DDT? How might I be exposed to DDT? Humans can be exposed to DDT and similar chemical contaminants (DDE and DDD) primarily by eating food that contains small amounts of these compounds. Even though DDT has not been used in this country since 1972, small amounts of DDT and DDE are found in soil and, under certain conditions, may be transferred to crops grown on this soil. In addition, imported foods may have been directly exposed to DDT. The amount of DDT in crops has been decreasing and is expected to continue to decrease with time. EPA banned all uses of DDT, except for public health emergency, in 1972 primarily because amounts were building up in the environment and because some cancer tests in laboratory animals showed positive results. How can DDT affect my health?

39. Health Canada - Health Protection - Environmental Health a safe environment for Canadians, addressing air quality, water quality, soil contamination affecting food supply, toxic management, use of pesticides and http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/protection/environment.html

Affiliates It's Your Health About Health Canada Just for You ... Ministers There is an important relationship between human health and environmental health. Health Canada has developed programs and resources to help maintain a safe environment for Canadians, addressing air quality, water quality, soil contamination affecting food supply, toxic management, use of pesticides and radiation-emitting devices , as well as a wide range of workplace health and safety issues. Resources Air quality and health Drinking water quality Environmental health in Aboriginal communities It's Your Health - Environment - Fact sheets Second-hand smoke St. Lawrence River: How does it affect the health of those who live near it? Programs Climate Change and Health Office Safe Environments Pesticides Before a pesticide is considered for registration in Canada, it must undergo extensive testing to determine the potential risks posed to human health and the environment and the pesticide's value. The Pest Control Products Act covers these products which are designed to manage, destroy, attract or repel pests including herbicides, insecticides and fungicides.

40. Toronto Environment Alliance - Pesticides Find out more about the environmental and health effects of pesticides, and about chemicalfree ways to have a green lawn. home http://www.torontoenvironment.org/pesticides/

Kids' Health or Chemical Lawns? On May 22nd, 2003, Toronto City Council voted to pass a By-law to prohibit the cosmetic use of pesticides on all outdoor property starting April 2004. On May 21st, 2004, City Council voted to uphold the bylaw by adopting a prohibition on chemical pesticide use to control weeds on lawns. Find out more about the bylaw and how your Councillor voted! Find out more about the environmental and health effects of pesticides, and about chemical-free ways to have a green lawn. home contact us links council watch ... green directory

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