41. Peru Indigenous Rebellions - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural R Rebellions http//workmall.com/wfb2001/peru/peru_history_indigenous_rebellions.html Tosurvive their brutal subjugation, the indigenous peoples had early on http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/peru/peru_history_indigenous_rebellions.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Peru Indigenous Rebellions http://workmall.com/wfb2001/peru/peru_history_indigenous_rebellions.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS An upsurge in native discontent and rebellion had actually begun to occur in the eighteenth century. To survive their brutal subjugation, the indigenous peoples had early on adopted a variety of strategies but were never as passive as portrayed in the scholarly literature until recently. To endure, the native Americans did indeed have to adapt to Spanish domination. As often as not, however, they found ways of asserting their own interests. After the conquest, the crown had assumed from the Incas patrimony over all native land, which it granted in usufruct to indigenous community families, in exchange for tribute payments and mita labor services. This system became the basis for a long-lasting alliance between the colonial state and the native communities, bolstered over the years by the elaboration of a large body of protective legislation. Crown officials, such as the corregidores de indios , were charged with the responsibility of protecting natives from abuse at the hands of the colonists, particularly the alienation of their land to private landholders. Nevertheless, the colonists and their native allies, the

42. Crosspoint - Peru was founded in 1986 in Lima, peru by a group of people who were aspiring to achievethe confirmation of the identity and the rights of the indigenous peoples. http://www.magenta.nl/crosspoint/peru.html

Crosspoint Anti Racism Peru Indigenous Resources Chirapaq is a non- governmental organization without lucrative resources. It executes projects from an intercultural perspective and develops propositions with indigenous peoples. The work is concentrated on improving especially the situation of indigenous women and children. The goal of Chirapaq is to achieve a full exercise of the rights of indigenous peoples and to improve the equality of genders within a framework of sustainable development. The organization was founded in 1986 in Lima, Peru by a group of people who were aspiring to achieve the confirmation of the identity and the rights of the indigenous peoples. Human Rights/Refugees Derechos Human Rights in Peru. El Proyecto Desaparecidos es un proyecto de diversos organismos y activistas de derechos humano para mantener la memoria y alcanzar la justicia. Es un lugar donde poder conocer y recordar a las víctimas del terrorismo de estado en América Latina y el mundo. Home Submit your URL About the Crosspoint others say ... crosspoint@magenta.nl

43. Crosspoint - Indigenous Peoples Resources Native American and International indigenous sites on the of North American tribalpeoples brought together Derecho humanos Indigenas en peru, Bolivia, Ecuador http://www.magenta.nl/crosspoint/indg.html

Crosspoint Anti Racism Indigenous Peoples Resources World CBF-unreached people. Albanians, Balinese, Bedouin, The Bisu, The People of Chechnya, Kazaks, Kurds, Lampungese, Muang and others. Center For World Indigenous Studies CWIS is an independent, non-profit (U.S.)research and education organization dedicated to wider understanding and appreciation of the ideas and knowledge of indigenous peoples and the social, economic and political realities of indigenous nations. Cultural Survival. Founded in 1972, is a recognized leader in educational and communication forums that advocate the rights, voice and vision of indigenous peoples. We believe that indigenous peoples should be able to determine their own futures on their own lands. DMOZ Indigenous People Open Directory Project Indigenous People and other cultures under threat This page is concerned with indigenous peoples around the world and other cultures that are under threat. It contains links off to all the current sites on the Internet which have information on this very important area. IWGIA an independant international organization staffed by specialists and advisers on indigenous affairs. IWGIA supports indigenous peoples' human rights, self -determination, right to territory, control of land and resources, cultural integrity, and the right to development.

44. Earth Love Fund - Conservation Projects - Supporting Local Indigenous Peoples compile national laws pertaining to indigenous peoples, publish a funds for infrastructureof local indigenous organisations in Brazil, peru, Columbia, and http://www.unisong.com/elf/cons3.html

PROTECTING FORESTS DEVELOPING A LIVING FROM THE FOREST ALTERNATIVES TO FOREST CLEARANCE SUPPORTING LOCAL INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Community Workshops On Oil Exploration, Peru ... RAISING AWARENESS AND BUILDING LOCAL EXPERTISE In West Papua , an Earth Love Fund grant supplied an Indigenous Resource Centre with equipment and training to join the Internet. In Venezuela , an ELF grant was used to compile national laws pertaining to indigenous peoples, publish a legal justification for the creation of indigenous reserves and support a project for self-demarcation of ancestral lands by an indigenous group. In Columbia , ELF helped fund emergency work with the Nukak Maku, who are suffering mass epidemics and mortalities due to their first sustained contact with Western society. Earth Love Fund has given funds for infrastructure of local indigenous organisations in Brazil Peru Columbia , and Venezuela . ELF has also given emergency funds to help indigenous organisations coordinate responses to multi-national development projects in Peru Guyana Venezuela Suriname and West Papua BREAKOUT: Community Workshops On Oil Exploration, Peru

45. South American Indigenous Peoples peru paired national flag. These flags have been adopted for the indigenous organizationsof the The Continental flag (used by the native peoples to represent http://www.flags-by-swi.com/fotw/flags/sam-nat.html

South American indigenous peoples Last modified: by rob raeside Keywords: bolivia peru ecuador america ... mapuche Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors ... Mapuche Tupac Katari by The Tupac Katari Indians live in Bolivia and Peru. The flag is square and consists of 49 smaller squares in seven rows of seven. The squares are colored in diagonal lines from upper hoist to lower fly. The colors are light blue, purple, brown, pink, red, yellow, and green! I'm sure this is the only place you will ever find purple, brown, and pink stripes next to each other! An alternate design for Tupac Katari in Bolivia and Peru. Source: NAVA's flags of Native American peoples www pages. Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Tawantisuyu people in Bolivia, Peru. Source: NAVA's flags of Native American peoples www pages. David Lewellen Qhishwa-Aymara Indians (Source for all Qhishwa-Aymara flags: NAVA's Native American www pages.) by Kjell Roll Elgsaas by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Peru paired national flag. Qhishwa-Aymara sub-divisions: by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians of the Antinsuyu Region by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians of the Cinchausuyu Region by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians of the Kuntinsuyu Region by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians of the Qullansuyu Region These flags have been adopted for the indigenous organizations of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians (called a whipala (= banner) in Quechua language).

46. UDHR - People's Stories Around 30 million indigenous peoples live in Latin America. In Bolivia, Guatemalaand peru, indigenous peoples make up over half the population. http://www.universalrights.net/people/f_indig.htm

Fact file Indigenous Peoples are the original inhabitants of many countries. We are also called the first peoples, first nations, aboriginal peoples and tribal peoples. How many? Where do we live? Indigenous peoples number about 300 million in more than 70 countries. We are found on all five continents from the Arctic, to the Amazon from the Sahara to Australia . We include the Native Americans, the Inuit of the circumpolar region (Canada, Alaska, Greenland), the Saami of Northern Europe (Norway, Sweden, Finland) and the Maori of Aoteoroa (New Zealand). The majority of the world's Indigenous peoples, more than 150 million live in Asia, in countries such as Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Phillipines, Sri Lanka and Thailand . Around 30 million indigenous peoples live in Latin America . In Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru, Indigenous peoples make up over half the population. In Australia the Indigenous population numbers over 315,000 Aboriginal peoples and 29,000 Torres Strait Islanders, according to the 1996 Census. Within the Aboriginal population there are 250 distinct cultural groups, including the Yolngu from Arnhem Land (my own people), the Wiradjuri of south eastern Australia, the Yamatji in Western Australia, the Kalkadoons of northern Queensland, the Anangu from Central Australia and the Palawas from Tasmania.

47. South America's Indigenous Peoples --  Encyclopædia Britannica to have profound effects on relations between Iberians and indigenous people in andyou ll hear the diverse backgrounds of the region s people. , peru Cult of http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=367173

48. Indigenous People Of Peru - Bibliography The indigenous Population and the construction of Democracy in peru. trans.Charles Roberts. indigenous peoples and Democracy in Latin America. http://www2.truman.edu/~b1257/biblio.html

Home Cultural Tradition Economic Status Political Power ... Race and Ethnicity in Latin America Bibliography "A Murky Democratic Dawn in Post-Fujimori Peru." Economist 359, no. 8216 (7 April 2001), 37+. Babb, Florence. Between Field and Cooking Pot . Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998. Bolin, Inge. Rituals of Respect: The Secret of Survival in the High Peruvian Andes. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998. Central Intelligence Agency. "Peru." The World Factbook http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pe.html "Peru." Discovery.Com http://school.discovery.com/homeworkhelp/worldbook/atozgeography/p/411220.html Davies, Thomas M. Indian Integration in Peru Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970. Fairly, Jan. "Folk, Popular and Dance Music." The Cambridge Enclyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean , 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Fernandez, Ricardo Valderrama and Carmen Escalante Gutierrez, ed.

49. Indigenous Peoples And Forests: Restoring Historical Rights further their cause, a process that lies at the heart of Pedro Garcia s initiativein peru. His endeavour is to impress upon the indigenous peoples the power http://www.changemakers.net/journal/99march/ambasta.cfm

Indigenous Peoples and Forests: Restoring Historical Rights By Dr. Ashesh Ambasta Home Current Journal Journal Archives ... Newsletter Back to March 1999 Journal See articles about two activists fighting to correct centuries of injustice: Pedro Garcia and Diana Pombo T The current attempts to usurp traditional knowledge are thus only the latest manifestation of the piecemeal subversion of historical rights to land and natural resources. The challenges before Diana Pombo and Pedro Garcia, the two activists profiled this month, are formidable. For they are engaged not only in correcting centuries of injustice but also in converting attitudes and prejudices that have hardened into concrete blocks of resistance. Deforestation and Forest Communities: Contours of the Predicament In 1980 a study by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimated that world forests were disappearing at the alarming rate of nearly 114,000 square kilometres a year. Ominous? Evidently not: A study by F.A.O. in 1992 put the rate at a staggering 170,000 square kilometres a year, an increase of nearly 54 percent.

50. In Peru, The People Of The Forest Are Taking Control Biopiracy, though important to peru s indigenous peoples, has taken a back seatto their concern with oil companies which began to pour into peru in the mid http://www.changemakers.net/journal/99march/salguero.cfm

In Peru, the People of the Forest are Taking Control By Carol Salguero Photos by Claus Kjaerby, Racimos de Ungurahui Home Current Journal Journal Archives ... Newsletter Back to March 1999 Journal Location Map "I awoke to gunshots, thinking a war had begun," Pedro Garcia said of his first morning in Peru's dense Amazonian jungle near the border with Ecuador, "but it was only the Aguaruna men out hunting." In 1970, Pedro and a group of like-minded friends jumped at the chance to experience "the freedoms the jungle represented," compared with a Spain still under the dictatorial thumb of Francisco Franco. Fresh out of university, he had degrees in law and political science, and additional studies in psychology and communication science, and "no expertise in anything," he says. Raised in a family with a strong social conscience, which gave him "a community mentality," Pedro came to Peru "with the idea of forming a cooperative." He did, a number of them, and many other grassroots organizations, too. For 14 years Pedro remained along the Cenepa and Maranon Rivers working among the Aguaruna and Huambisa ethnic groups scattered throughout Peru's northeastern jungle, several days by dugout canoe from the nearest town, "but one day with 40 horsepower outboard, if you were lucky enough to have one."

51. The E7 Observer peru), Chevron and HydroQuébec were the main speakers. At the workshops, participantsdrafted a suggested Mission Statement for the indigenous peoples http://www.e7.org/Pages/Observer/E7Obs21/E7Obs21.3.6.htm

Enhancing Social Trust A North American Experience: the Inuit of Northern Canada and Development Projects. A proponent Perspective: Earning Mutual Social Trust Throug Capacity Building. Collaborating within the Indigenous Peoples Section of IAIA experiences. At the workshops, participants drafted a suggested Mission Statement for the Indigenous Peoples Section of IAIA. The working draft reads: Several recommendations were tabled during the workshops after being thoroughly discussed among speakers and participants. One of the main actions recommended for the Indigenous People Section was to set up a Indigenous Exchange - an IAIA committee network to exchange data on guidelines, recent references and documents in use in the field (such as explanations of technical subjects). The following issues were identified as priorities to be addressed by the Indigenous Peoples Section: I Previous Page I Next Page I Table of Contents I Last updated: 2003-09-16

52. PERU 2 Peruvian Amazonian Indigenous Peoples In The World Forest Congres peru 2 peruvian Amazonian indigenous peoples in the World ForestCongress by carlos.soria 17 September 2003 0200 UTC, http://csf.colorado.edu/mail/elan/2003/msg00442.html

Date Index PERU 2 Peruvian Amazonian Indigenous peoples in the World Forest Congress by carlos.soria 17 September 2003 02:00 UTC Thread Index Hildebrando Ruffner and Wilmer are two Peruvian indigenous leaders from the Amazon attending the World Forest Congress. If any amigo is attending please take a time to learn about Peru´s Indigenosus Peoples and our forests and contat them Carlos Soria Date Index Environment and Latin America Network List Archives at CSF Subscribe to Environment and Latin America Network Thread Index

53. Report From The Net Warriors Indigenous Peoples Global Caucus or the indigenous peoples would not return. He expressed the principles layed outin the Decade goals of new partnerships and working together. peru indigenous http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/28/029.html

Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 15:49:28 CDT Subject: Indig. Report from Geneva - 23 October 1996 Report from the Net Warriors Indigenous Peoples Global Caucus On the United Nations Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Geneva, 23 October 1996 N E T W A R R I O R S Indigenous Peoples Global Caucus netwarriors@hookele.com http://www.hookele.com/netwarriors Intersessional Working Group Earlier Net Warriors sent you our Joint Statement Sisters and Brothers... Last night we sent you our statement and it was too difficult to report on what had taken place throughout the day. We were in Global Caucus deliberations for hours in effort to come to consensus on our strategies. Our delegations are weighted with the choice of how to respond to the negotiating process. Our greatest difficulty is knowing truly the machine we are dealing with. As we each define our purpose in the values of our futures through the foundation within each of us instilled by our ancestors. We have found great frustrations in this stand to remain integral to our collective principles, our individual principles and most important the principles of our people at home. Our diversity of struggle is somewhat defined by our regions and the governments both in military occupation of us and in relation to our geographic positions. Our drafting committee was charged by our Global Caucus to draft the earlier statement based upon the hundreds of points presented by our body throughout the day. We felt finally that it served our position well.

54. World Civil Society Forum Official Report Ms. Martha Llanos from peru spoke of women as agents of change in recent years particularlythrough the power of the cultural identities of indigenous peoples. http://www.worldcivilsociety.org/REPORT/EN/06/15-jul-02/summ_15.06.html

Working Groups Civil Society and International Organizations Cooperation Indigenous Peoples, Gender and Development Information Society Environment, Trade and Sustainable Development ... Summaries and Documents are available for almost all sessions. Click the schedule to acess. Monday, 15 July 2002 Time Title Plenaries : Opening Session Plenaries : Aims, objectives and mandate of the Foru... ... : Desertification : Visit to the International Labour Organi... Other sessions : Circé et César (Blues) Other sessions : Indigenous peoples improvisation Cultural : World Conference Against Racism: Focus o... Regional Meetings : The role of civil society organizations ... Other sessions : La Kinkeme Summary: Working Group on Indigenous Peoples, Gender and Development Indigenous People, Gender and Development Time: 15 July 2002, 14:00-15:30 Updated: VK 9:18 AM 8/3/2002; RS 22:07 15-Sep-02

55. Machu Picchu Declaration On Democracy, The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples And The by Dr. Alejandro Toledo of the Presidency of peru, have adopted the following MachuPicchu Declaration on Democracy, the Rights of indigenous peoples and the http://www.comunidadandina.org/ingles/document/machu_picchu28-7-01.htm

CAN Acts, Declarations and Agreements Machu Picchu Declaration on Democracy, the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the War against Poverty The Presidents of the Andean Community Member Countries, in the presence of the Presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Panama, Paraguay, and Uruguay, the Prince of Asturias, and the Secretary General of the Andean Community, gathered for the assumption by Dr. Alejandro Toledo of the Presidency of Peru, have adopted the following: Machu Picchu Declaration on Democracy, the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the War against Poverty BEARING IN MIND that our political systems are grounded in democracy, respect for human rights, and the basic freedoms; BEARING IN MIND the interrelationship and mutual involvement that exist among democracy, human rights, peace, social development, and the war on poverty; CONSIDERING that the multicultural and multiethnic nature of our countries was an essential element in the formation of the nationalities and the historical identity of our nations; and that it continues to be an essential characteristic of the human and social wealth of our societies, as in the past;

56. CINE's Traditional Food Systems Research With Indigenous Peoples In Asia 12 case studies of indigenous peoples will demonstrate the values of traditionalfood resources to health of Aguaruna (peru), Infant food making Aguaruna (peru http://www.cine.mcgill.ca/globalhealth.htm

Indigenous Peoples' Food Systems for Health Promotion: GLOBAL HEALTH 12 case studies of Indigenous Peoples will demonstrate the values of traditional food resources to health of these communities, and why traditional food environments should be protected. Here are some photos of CINE academic and community partners: Aguaruna (Peru) Infant food making - Aguaruna (Peru) Children in Cenepa - Aguaruna (Peru) Nutritional Assessement - Aguaruna (Peru) Tim Johns : Maasai (Kenya) Ainu (Japan) Masami - Ainu (Japan) Gopa Kothari - Bhil (India) Community members distributing meat – example of community sharing – Bhil (India) Salome Yesudas with food crops - Dalit (India) Suttilak Smitasiri - Karen (Thailand) Community workers (Oom and Sompop) – Karen (Thailand) Ingano Team (Colombia Chief Bill Erasmus - Chair CINE Governing Board Harriet Kuhnlein and family Gail Harrison – UCLA Laurie Chan - Inuit - Food and Environment Committee Grace Egeland – CINE Stephanie Meakin - Inuit (Canada) Nancy and Thelma – Nuxalk Nation (BC Canada) Background People International Activities Response Strategy ... Careers Date this page was last updated: 08/26/03

57. FPP Letter To IADB - Camisea, Peru - Dec 03 a loan for the total of US$ 135 million to peru s Camisea Gas In particular, the Bank slack of a specific mandatory indigenous peoples policy has left decision http://forestpeoples.gn.apc.org/Briefings/Private sector/iadb_camisea_peru_fpp_l

FPP letter to the Executive Director of the Inter-American Development Bank Mr. Yoshihisa Ueda Executive Director Inter-American Development Bank Phone: (202)623-1059 Fax: (202)623-3610 Email: yueda@iadb.org 2nd December 2003 Dear Mr. Ueda, Re: The IDB’s approval of a loan for Peru’s Camisea Project On 4 September 2003 the Forest Peoples Programme (FPP) sent an Email letter asking you to reject IADB co-funding for the Camisea pipeline project in Peru. The FPP has never received any reply from you nor from your office to that written representation. The purpose of this second letter is to inform you, as UK representative on the board of the IADB, that the Forest Peoples Programme is extremely disappointed to learn that the Inter-American Development Bank approved a loan for the total of US$ 135 million to Peru's Camisea Gas Project. The severe environmental and social problems tied to this project have lead national and international civil society groups to repeatedly exhort the IADB to withhold its financing, and yet, despite many other potential funders pulling out due to unresolved human rights and environmental concerns (see below), the IADB pushed this loan through with no heed to its constituents. We would like to express our particular astonishment that the European Executive Directors approved the loan in spite of the United States ED abstaining, citing inadequacies in the IADBs environmental and social oversight and conditions and the projects environmental and social management. In addition, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), the United States Export-Import Bank and, as we have recently learned, the ABN-AMRO, have all rejected financing for this project. In addition, Citigroup withdrew as financial advisors to the project last year.

58. FPP - Model Letter To President Peru Re Ashaninka Community - March 04 of the CFA are cancelled since they violate their own standards and represent asevere threat to the integrity of indigenous peoples, their communities peru. http://forestpeoples.gn.apc.org/Briefings/s_america/peru_model_let_atayala_mar04

Violence and threats of eviction against the Ashaninka Churinashi community, Atayala Province, Peru March 2004 Dear Friends, Below is a letter addressed to the President of Peru, urging him to deal with the serious situation faced by the Ashaninka community of Churinashi in the country’s Atayala Province in the Amazon region. The situation for this community is a very urgent one and requires your help to put pressure on the President, in order to stop the violence and threats of eviction the community are under at the moment. The Consorcio Forestal Amazonico, one of the largest logging consortia in Peru, has been granted a concession on the Churinashi community’s territory, without consultation of any sort, and has used manipulation, corruption and violence to try to remove the community from its ancestral home. The unstable and potentially dangerous situation in the area is one of violence and intimidation, and a recent resolution passed by the judicial authorities of the Atayala Province notifies the local indigenous organisation of the imminent use of the ‘public forces’ should they not resettle away from the concession. The AIDESEP, a regional Amazonian indigenous organisation, has asked that their campaign be supported as widely as possible, and therefore respectfully ask supporters to send a letter to President Toledo, cc-ing it to the Minister for Agriculture, Mr. Leon, asking him to support the demands of the representative indigenous organisations, including:

59. GBF Indigena (Costa Rica) Comision Jurídica Para el Autodesarrollo de Los Pueblos OriginariosAndinos (CAPAJ, peru) indigenous peoples Biodiversity Network (IPBN http://www.gbf.ch/desc_workshop_old.asp?no=21&app=&lg=EN&now=5

60. Who Are Indigenous Around 30 million indigenous peoples live in Latin America. In Bolivia, Guatemalaand peru, indigenous peoples make up over half the population. Colonisation. http://www.gcc.ca/Political-Issues/international/who_are_indigenous.htm

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