41. Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Marine And Sea Otters Bibliography of technical and popular articles from the Encyclopedia Smithsonian. http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmnh/otter.htm

Smithsonian Institution Marine Otters - Technical Brownell, R.L., Jr. 1978 Ecology and conservation of the marine otter, Lutra felina Otters, Proceedings of the First Working Meeting of the IUCN - SSC Otter Specialist Group, Paramaribo, Suriname . IUCN Publication New Series, pp. 104-106. Cabello, C.C. 1978 La nutria de mar ( Lutra felina ) en la Isla de Chiloe, Chile. Otters, Proceedings of the First Working Meeting of the IUCN - SSC Otter Specialist Group, Paramaribo, Suriname . IUCN Publication New Series, pp. 108-118. La nutria de mar en la Isla de Chiloe . Corporacion National Forestal, Bol. Tec. 6, pp. 1-37. Castilla, J.C. 1982 Nuevas observaciones sobre conducta, ecologia y densidad de Lutra felina (Molina 1782) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) en Chile . Publicaciones Ocas. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat.. No. 38, pp. 197-206. (In Spanish with English summary.) Estes, J.A. 1986 Marine otters and their environment. Ambio , Vol.15, No. 3, pp. 181-183. Grimwood, I.R. 1969 Notes on the Distribution and Status of Some Peruvian Mammals 1968 . Special publication 21, American Committee for International Wildlife Protection and New York Zoological Society, Bronx, New York. 86 pp.

42. Sea Otter Research At WERC WERC maintains expertise on sea otters in California, Washington, and Alaska, and works with state, federal, and local partners throughout the species range. http://www.werc.usgs.gov/otters/

43. Sea Otters! sea otters. Southern sea Otter Facts. Scientific Name Enhydra lutris, or Enhydra lutris nereis. In the year 1920 sea otters were believed to be extinct. Senses http://www.monterey.k12.ca.us/~drey/ptlobos/otters.html

44. Surfing The Net With Kids: Sea Otters sea otters. Friends of the sea otters. In January 1977, the US Fish and Wildlife Service placed sea otters on the Endangered Species list. http://www.surfnetkids.com/seaotters.htm

...Click for Menu... ~~ Home ~~ Light a Fire Quotations How to Add Games Email Book Clubs Book Store Calendar Blog Free Web Content Games Jokes Newsletters Postcards Printables Screensavers Suggest a Site Tell a Friend Top Ten Pages Topic Directory ~~ Search this Site Arts, Crafts, Music Computers, Internet Hobbies, Sports Geography Holidays, History Language Arts Math Parents, Teachers Pre-K and K Science, Animals Link to Us From my Mailbox My Bio Ad Rates Write Me Visit My Office Blog Book Club Calendar Free Content ... Topics Related Games Sea Otter Jigsaw Sea Otter Word Game Sea Otter Board Game Quiz Related Sites Read Reader Suggestions Suggest a Sea Otter Site Send a Sea Otter Postcard Related Books (in association with Amazon.com) Related Toys (in association with Amazon.com) Search: Members Login Login Printables Club Printables Club Free Trial Surfing the Calendar January, February, March April, May, June July, August, September October, November, December Directory of Site Reviews Arts, Crafts, Music Computers, Internet Games, Hobbies Geography, Social Studies ... Science Directory of Games Add Games to Your Site American Games Jokes Word Games ... Print-n-Play Games My Other Sites Welcome to My Office "How to Add Games to Your Site" "How to Add Games" Blog Surfnetkids Journal ... Prevent Link Rot Surfnetkids Journal Welcome to My Office Fleischerheim Add Games to Your Site Feedback Send a Joke Suggest a Site Company Info About Surfnetkids Subscribe to Newsletter Visit Me in My Office Ad Rates ... Search this Site Sea Otters Email this page to a friend with a personal message Unlike whales and sea lions that rely on a layer of blubber to keep them warm in the icy North Pacific Ocean, the sea otter is protected by its thick fur. While we humans have between 20,000 to 100,000 hairs on our heads, the sea otter has from 600,000 to a million hairs per square inch. It's this luxurious fur that made the sea otters so attractive to trappers, who brought the otters to near extinction until stopped by the International Fur Seal Treaty of 1911.

45. Sea Otter Resources For Students Gander Academy sea otters, sea otters. sea otters Where do sea otters live? How many sea otters are there? Have there always been sea otters in British Columbia? http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/oceanotters.htm

Gander Academy Sea Otters General Resources General Resources Top of Page Sea Otters Sea Otters Where do sea otters live? How many sea otters are there? Have there always been sea otters in British Columbia? Are all sea otters endangered? Introduction to Sea Otters Sea otters are the smallest marine mammals; they are furry creatures that spend almost all of their lives in the ocean. Although they resemble small seals, sea otters are not related to seals. They are actually related to weasels, badgers, and minks. Sea Otters Sea Otters are playful animals that spend almost all their time in the sea. They eat, sleep, and even have their babies in the water. In the daytime sea otters float on their backs eating Abalone, their favorite food. Sea Otters The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) lives in shallow water areas along the shores of the North Pacific. Its range once extended from southern California north then west through the Aleutian Islands, to the Kamchatka Peninsula, and south to the northern islands of Japan. Sea Otters: Primitive Tool Users Sea otters are very well adapted to life in the ocean. They have webbed toes on their hind feet to aid in swimming. They also have very thick fur which offers protection from the cold. The fur also traps in air bubbles which help keep the otters afloat.

46. Gander Academy: Sea Otters teachers. It presents a series of web pages listing world wide web resources on sea otters. Gander Academy sea otters, Friends http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/seaotters.htm

Gander Academy Sea Otters Friends of the Sea Otter Sea World: Sea Otters Sea otters once lived along most of the coastal North Pacific Ocean. That was before fur traders hunted them for their thick, luxurious pelts. By the year 1900, sea otters were nearly extinct. Today they're protected. The California population is still smallabout 2,000 sea otters spread over only about 226 km (140 mi.) of central California coastline. California sea otters are listed as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. Sea Otter Page Hi there! You've come to the one stop otter shop. Here you can find everything you are looking for about sea otters. This site contains a collection of pictures, information on sea otters, and links to many other sea otter web sites. Ask Shamu: sea otter Historically, the sea otter was found from the northern coast of Japan up through the Kurile Islands and the Commander Islands; across the Aleutian Islands; and down the coasts of Alaska, Canada, and the western United States to central Baja California. An Introduction to Sea Otters Sea otters are the smallest marine mammals; they are furry creatures that spend almost all of their lives in the ocean. Although they resemble small seals, sea otters are not related to seals.

47. Minnesota Zoo/Animals/Northern Trail Contains information about sea otters. Information includes habitat, diet, and physical description. http://www.mnzoo.org/animals/minnesota_trail/otter_1.asp

Select an animal Beaver Bull Snake Eastern Cottontail Ermine Fisher Great Horned Owl Lynx Minnesota Bats Otter Porcupine Puma Saw-whet Owl Southern Flying Squirrel Spotted Skunk Timber Rattler Wolverine Animal Search A-Z Otter SSP Species / Endangered Species Description: Head and body length: 55-80 cm (21.5 - 31.5 in); tail: 30-50 cm (11.75 - 19.75 in); weight: 4.5-14 kg (10-30 lbs). Upper parts are brownish and underparts are paler; lower jaw and throat may be whitish. Rich dark brown to chocolate to seal brown; fur is short and dense; head is flattened and round with short neck; tail is thick, flexible and muscular, tapering to point at the end; short legs and webbed feet; small ears and nostrils can be closed when animal is submerged. Males are about 5% larger than females; long slender body. To learn more click here.

48. Science Blog - Science News Stories - Brain Parasite Killing California Sea Otte Brain Parasite Killing California sea otters Posted on Friday, May 21 @ 114423 PDT by bjs. Animal Kingdom Veterinary pathologists http://www.scienceblog.com/community/article2751.html

Main Menu Home AvantGo Contact Directory New! Elsewhere Forums Science Gifts New! Search Submit News Surveys Topics ... Your Account BlogAds Brain Parasite Killing California Sea Otters Posted on Friday, May 21, 2004 @ 11:44 AM PDT by bjs Veterinary pathologists from the California Department of Fish and Game's Marine Wildlife Care and Research Center have examined otters discovered sick or dead in the Morro Bay/ Pismo Beach area last April and have determined that the majority were infected with a single-celled parasite called Sarcocystis neurona. Most had enlarged lymph nodes and microscopic evidence of brain inflammation. Infective ''eggs'' of Sarcocystis neurona are shed in the feces of the opossum (a non-native species in California). This parasite causes damage to the brain and other tissues of sea otters and is commonly fatal. From the California Department of Fish and Game Scientists Determine April Sea Otter Deaths Were Associated With Brain Parasite, Sarcocystis neurona Veterinary pathologists from the California Department of Fish and Game's (CDFG) Marine Wildlife Care and Research Center (MWVCRC) have examined otters discovered sick or dead in the Morro Bay/ Pismo Beach area last April and have determined that the majority were infected with a single-celled parasite called Sarcocystis neurona. Most had enlarged lymph nodes and microscopic evidence of brain inflammation. Infective ''eggs'' of Sarcocystis neurona are shed in the feces of the opossum (a non-native species in California). This parasite causes damage to the brain and other tissues of sea otters and is commonly fatal. It also is associated with neurological disease in horses.

49. Here Are The Results Of Your Search For Species= River Otter Prince Rupert Interviews (Summer 2001), River otters, sea otters, Commercial Fishery, 19331988, Hecate Strait and Vancouver Island, Have been seen on the Coast Inlet http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/projects/btf/interviewdb.asp?sp=River otter

50. Monterey Bay Whale Watch - Sea Otters Monterey Bay Whale Watch sea otters. Click on small picture below to see full-size photo (size 21K). sea otters of Monterey Bay. Marine Life sea otters. http://www.montereybaywhalewatch.com/otters.htm

Monterey Bay Whale Watch - Sea Otters Click on small picture below to see full-size photo (size 21K). Sea Otters of Monterey Bay Sea otters are a common sight along the Monterey coast as they inhabit the nearshore kelp forests. The otters, which were once nearly hunted to extinction, now number just over 2,000 individuals. Sea otters are easily observed on all Monterey Bay Whale Watch trips as they rest within the kelp or feed near the kelp on seastars, crabs, urchins, and abalone. After the otters capture a prey item, they bring it to the surface, place it on their belly while floating on their back, and crack it open with their powerful teeth. Sea Otter Resting in Kelp Otters have very dense fur, with up to a million hairs per square inch. This keeps them warm along with the insulating air bubbles they blow into their fur. Therefore, otters could easily be threatened by any type of oil spill which could foul their fur. Besides spending a portion of the day grooming, otters divide their time into feeding and resting. Otters usually rest by rolling within the surface kelp until their bodies are wrapped in it. The kelp is anchored to the rocky bottom and by staying with the kelp, the otters will not drift to sea while sleeping. During mating or courting bouts, a male and female otter will pair up and remain together for several days. During mating, the male grabs onto the female's nose to stabilize himself. The result leaves female otters with red wounds or scars on their noses. This is really the only way to distinguish males from females.

51. CNN.com - Alaska Sea Otters' Disappearance A Mystery - Feb. 4, 2004 CNN http://cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/02/04/otter.mystery.reut/index.html

International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Services CNNtoGO Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Alaska sea otters' disappearance a mystery Otters eat sea urchins, which feed on kelp. Without the otters to control urchin populations, scientists note that kelp is disappearing. Story Tools RELATED Aleutian otters take a nosedive Report: Ancient fishing linked to modern crisis At Sea Processors Association Center for Biological Diversity YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Issues Animals or Create your own Manage alerts What is this? ANCHORAGE, Alaska (Reuters) - When Russian explorers first saw sea otters bobbing in the waters off Alaska's Aleutian Islands in the mid-18th century, they knew they had discovered a money maker. The otters' fur "is so far superior in length, beauty, blackness and gloss of hair to the river otters' pelts that these can scarcely be compared to it," wrote German naturalist Georg Steller, who accompanied legendary mariner Vitus Bering on his Alaska expeditions. Russian and American hunters later wiped out nearly all of Alaska's sea otters, whose luxurious fur became known as "soft gold." The otters were saved from extinction after a 1911 treaty banned the commercial hunt.

52. Animal Bio - Sea Otter Alaska sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are totally West Coast, man. sea otters have some of the thickest fur of any animal in the world. http://www.sheddnet.org/ani_bios_31.html

Alaska sea otters ( Enhydra lutris ) are totally West Coast, man. They're found entirely in the waters of the Pacific Ocean. When they're kicking back in the water, they're constantly grooming their fur to keep it dry. The rest of the time, they're sleeping and nibbling on some kind of seafood. Not a bad way to spend your day, don't you think? Get a taste of their leisurely lifestyle when you visit the Oceanarium at Shedd Aquarium. Although the Pacific Coast offers sea otters an ideal environment to live in, it's in these same waters that their survival is threatened for a second time. An international law passed in 1911 put a stop to the trade of fur pelts by Russian, American and English fur traders. This law, in conjunction with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1973, helped increase sea otter populations. Because sea otters rely on their dense fur for warmth, they're extremely vulnerable to the effects of an oil spill. If an otter swims in oil, its fur loses its insulating ability. Cold water can then penetrate the skin and cause hypothermia, eventually leading to death. But while these laws have helped certain populations of the sea otter to rise to between 100,000 and 150,000, the California population has had difficulties recovering from its threatened status. Various factors, including offshore petroleum development, have made it difficult for the government to establish programs that preserve the sea otter and satisfy all the needs of the public at the same time.

53. Otter Bay Gifts, Marine Mammal Merchandise, Including Sea Otters, River Otters, Otter Bay Gifts has one of the best selections of marine mammal merchandise and gifts, including sea and river otters, dolphins, whales, manatees, seals, polar http://www.otterbaygifts.com/

Welcome to Otter Bay Gifts We have some great gift ideas for lovers of the sea and you. Our main focus is on marine mammals, including sea otters whales dolphins sea lions ... penguins, and polar bears . But we carry other items, including reef life (seahorses, rays, crabs, octopus), sea birds pelicans, puffins, egrets, gulls beavers ... mermaids and lighthouses. Otter Bay Gifts carries calendars jewelry T-shirts and sweatshirts ... windchimes and suncatchers . W e are proud to carry products from Wyland and Lou Rankin , United Designs, Healthy Planet Whispering Winds Liberty Graphics Browntrout Publishers and many other fine manufacturers. Sale Items Listing New Items: Lighthouse Bathroom Accessories Three new Plush Sharks Lots of new Sea Life Videos with more coming soon Bath Toy Sets Twelve different Shark Puppet , five Whale Puppets , four Dolphin Puppets Free UPS ground shipping on orders over $100 and more...look for the

54. Sea Otter: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department Of Fish And Game In 1867, when Russian exploitation had greatly reduced the numbers of sea otters, Alaska was sold to the United States. sea otters became alarmingly scarce. http://www.adfg.state.ak.us/pubs/notebook/marine/seaotter.php

Contacts Licenses/Permits Regulations News ... www.adfg.state.ak.us Sea Otter The sea otter Enhydra lutris ) lives in shallow water areas along the shores of the North Pacific. Its range once extended from southern California north then west through the Aleutian Islands, to the Kamchatka Peninsula, and south to the northern islands of Japan. In 1742, Vitus Bering's men returned with sea otter pelts from the historic voyage of discovery of Alaska. Interest in these rich furs initiated an era of exploitation which almost wiped out the sea otter. The early Russian settling of Alaska was largely a result of the sea otter industry. In 1867, when Russian exploitation had greatly reduced the numbers of sea otters, Alaska was sold to the United States. The few conservation measures that had been instituted by the Russians in their final years of occupation were dropped by the Americans, and hunting intensified. Sea otters became alarmingly scarce. Finally in 1911, when so few animals were left that it was no longer profitable to hunt them (in many areas they were completely exterminated), sea otters were given full protection under the Fur Seal Treaty. The treaty was signed by the United States, Great Britain, Russia, and Japan. In 1960, the state of Alaska assumed management authority for sea otters. The management program conducted by the state included the successful reintroduction of sea otters to unoccupied habitat in Southeast Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington. The Marine Mammal Protection Act transferred management authority to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1972. Recovery of the Alaska sea otter population has been dramatic. Perhaps as few as 2,000 total animals existed in 1911, but by the mid-1970s the Alaska population numbered between 110,000 and 160,000. Most of the sea otter habitat in Alaska has now been repopulated. The principal exception is Southeast Alaska where numbers are increasing rapidly and otters are moving into new areas. Smaller populations exist in the Commander and Kurile islands, British Columbia, Washington, and California.

55. Sea Otter sea Otter. 14-5.) Both river and sea otters are a rich brown color, but the head and neck of the sea otter are a tawny yellowish or grayish color. http://www.bell.lib.umn.edu/Products/SeaOtter.html

Sea Otter T he sea otter, Enhydra lutris, is about three feet long, with a tail that adds approximately one more foot to its length. In shape it is like a river otter, which is slightly smaller in body but has a longer tail. Both animals have webbed feet, though the back feet of the sea otter are enormous by comparison, which is important for its life in the ocean. Before intense hunting the sea otter spent part of its life on land, but that behavior was changed so that it rarely is seen ashore, a case where humans altered the behavior of an animal in a drastic way. (1. Peter Matthiessen, Wildlife in America A Field Guide to the Mammals of all North American species found North of Mexico . 3rd edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976. pp. 60-63; plate 5). A Field Guide to the Mammals Ibid. , p. 63). These three sentences by William H. Burt and Richard P. Grossenheider summarize the past and present of this animal which escaped extinction only by accident. What happened? promyshlenniki ) came to eastern Siberia in the mid-seventeenth century in their pursuit of sable, the trade in sea otter already existed. The Russian hunters sent the sable, fox, squirrel, etc. back to western Russia where it was traded to western Europe. They hunted along the rivers, trading with and taking tribute from the local inhabitants, in a system of trade dominated by forts erected at key points along the river systems. The weapons of the

56. >>amy's Sea Otter Page<< Information on a number of lutrine species. Includes pictures as well as habitat and behavior information concerning sea otters, Enhydra lutris. http://www.geocities.com/whatever98103/

home sea otter info sea otter pix different species ... guestbook or

57. Defenders Of Wildlife - Wildlife - Sea Otters CONSERVING sea OTTER POPULATIONS WORLDWIDE. sea otters. Only three lutris lutris). Southern sea otters are found only in California. http://www.defenders.org/wildlife/new/seaotters.html

Select Wolves Dolphins Bears Birds Sea Otters Polar Bears Manatees Bison Sea Otters in California Sea Otters in Alaska Sea Otters in Washington Sea Otters in Canada ... Adopt A Sea Otter CONSERVING SEA OTTER POPULATIONS WORLDWIDE Only three subspecies of sea otter are found in the world: the southern, or California, sea otter ( Enhydra lutris nereis ), the northern sea otter ( Enhydra lutris kenyoni ) and the Russian sea otter ( Enhydra lutris lutris ). Southern sea otters are found only in California. Northern sea otters are found in Washington, Alaska and Canada. Russian sea otters are found in Russia and there are a few in Japan.

58. Defenders Of Wildlife - Wildlife - Sea Otters - California This area is referred to as the parent range. Because these sea otters lived so close to oil tanker traffic, a major goal of the recovery plan was to http://www.defenders.org/wildlife/new/marine/otters/ca/overview.html

Select Wolves Dolphins Bears Birds Sea Otters Polar Bears Manatees Bison California Sea Otter Video Overview Take Action Offshore Oil Drilling Human Related Mortality Sea Otters and Fisheries Gear ... Main Sea Otter Page CALIFORNIA The southern, or California, sea otter ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) is listed as a threatened species under the federal Endangered Species Act and is also protected under California state law and by the Marine Mammal Protection Act. the designated management zone.

59. Orca Whales Blamed For Aleutian Sea Otter Decline CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/07/14/otters.whales.reut/index.html

60. Sea Otter Gifts And Home Decor From Whales & Friends Catalog Cats Deer Dinosaurs Dogs Dolphins Eagles Fish/Shells Frogs Horses Insects Lizards/Reptiles Manatees Penguins Safari Animals sea otters Turtles Whales Wolves http://www.whalesdirect.com/seaotters/

View Cart Site Map Help!!! Free Catalog ... Home Shop By Animal Birds Butterflies Cats Deer ... Wolves Shop By Category Books Clothing Discount Outlet Holiday Ornaments ... Youth Clothing Great Gift Ideas Under $25.00 Under $50.00 Under $75.00 Under $100.00 Sea Otter Gifts and Home Decor Sea Otter Gifts: 1 - 7 More Animals Otters Lounge Wear CG099 S Size: S Lounge Wear Set CG099 M Size: M Lounge Wear Set CG099 XL Size: XL Lounge Wear Set When it’s time to “chill out”, grab a good book, a cup of cocoa, and this comfy cotton set. The printed jersey pants have an elasticized waist. The ladies cotton tee has a floating otter on the front to keep you in good company. Otter Embroidered Leather Accessories Pocket Wallet Checkbook Cover Sea Otters T-Shirt Size: Sea Otters T-Shirt Otters swim side by side on the front and back of this tie dyed blue cotton tee to make a whimsical addition to your casual wardrobe. Personalized Sea Otter Ornament Personalized Ornament Personalize this item! An endearing sea otter floats atop a ball ornament to make a festive addition to your tree. Sea Otter Lounge Wear Set CG077 S Size: S Short Set CG077 M Size: M Short Set At the end of a long day, kick back and relax in these comfy cotton boxer-syle shorts with elasticized waist paired with a cotton t-shirt

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