41. Cry Of The Heart Ministries 2. The orma People The orma s are nomadic. to use the beads as well as material indigenous to their and it was a great opportunity to relate with the people. http://www.cryoftheheart.org/africa2k3.html

Africa Mission A Great Success Background: Cry of the Heart has an ongoing relationship with the people of the Tona River region of Kenya, Africa. In this remote region there are three tribes of people: 1. The Pokomo People - The Pokomo's are agriculturalists. They are subsistence farmers and are predominently Christian. 2. The Orma People - The Orma's are nomadic. They have large herds of cattle and move about in orger to graze their cattle. They are predominently Moslem. 3. The Sanye People - The Sanye people are gatherers. They etch out a meager living by gathering bundles of firewood and attempting to sell them. The Sanye are very poor and suffer from starvation lack of education, lack of clean water, and lack of basic health care. In addition the Sanye are the outcasts of the region. They are a mixture of Moslem and Pagan Tribal Religion. Minneoghe Nursery School: Three years ago we sent a team to Kenya to build the nursery school in the Sanye village of Eghecumbe. We built the school to accommodate 30 children. It was our hope and prayer that an education would create an opportunity for a better future, a new sense of self esteem, and a chance to share the Good News of Jesus. Three years later there are 86 children enrolled in the school. Consequently, our mission this year was to build an addition to the school, as well as a kitchen and an outdoor bathroom. As always in addition to the construction our mission was to be ambasadors for Christ building relationships, sharing Christ's love and metting needs. MISSION ACCOMPLISHED!

42. The Oromo People And Oromia originated from his reference to the people as orma or Oroma. areas are already eroded and over populated, people are gradually are indigenous to this area. http://www.oromo.org/osg/oromo.htm

The Oromo People and Oromia The following summary information is adopted from the book by Gadaa Melbaa, Khartoum, Sudan 1988. Summary Information Overview The Oromo People Population ... References Summary Information: People: Oromo Country: Oromia (also phonetically spelled as Oromiyaa) Area: 600,000 sq.km approx. Capital: Finfinnee (also called Addis Ababa) Population: 30 million (1995 estimate) Language: Oromo, also called Afan Oromo or Oromiffa Economy: Mainly agriculture (coffee, several crops, spices, vegetables) and Animal Husbandry; Mining industry; Tourism trade; Medium and small-scale industries (textiles, refineries, meat packaging, etc) Religion: Waaqqefata (the traditional belief in Waaqa or God), Islam, and Christian (Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant) Overview The Oromo make up a significant portion of the population occupying the Horn of Africa. In the Ethiopian Empire alone, Oromo constitute about 30 million of the 55 million inhabitants of the Ethiopian Empire. In fact, Oromo is one of the most numerous nations in Africa which enjoys a homogeneous culture and shares a common language, history and descent and once shared common political, religious and legal institutions. During their long history, the Oromo developed their own cultural, social and political system known as the Gadaa system. It is a uniquely democratic political and social institution that governed the life of every individual in the society from birth to death.

43. Kenya-Country Information This group includes the Somali, orma, Rendille, and Protestants 38% Catholics 28% indigenous religions 26 The remainder of Kenya’s people are mainly http://kabiza.com/Kenya-Country-Information.htm

Kenya Country Information (Kenya National Anthem) Kenya's Name Kenya - a wonderful sounding word is named after a mountain of the same name. It was given by the Kikuyu people who lived around present day Mt. Kenya which they referred to as Kirinyaga or Kerenyaga, meaning ‘mountain of whiteness’ because of its snow capped peak (yes, Africa does have snow capped peaks). Mt Kirinyaga which was the main landmark became synonymous with the territory the British later claimed as their colony. However, the name Kenya arose out of the inability of the British and others to pronounce Kirinyaga correctly. When one hears the name "Kenya," there are images of the savannas, animals, safari trips, the Rift Valley, the Indian Ocean coastline and Lake Victoria but Kenya is over (2003 estimate) 30 million people of various ethnic groups (47) and backgrounds and without having met the people of Kenya, one has not seen the real, living Kenya. Early Visitors and Settlers The first people to settle in Kenya were indigenous African communities who migrated from various parts of the continent (Kenya is made up of various people groupings). Other visitors included traders, explorers, missionaries, slave-traders and travelers who came in from various parts of the world such as Portugal, Arabia, Roman empire, India, Greece and as far as China. They visited mainly the East African Coast from as early as the first century A.D. While the majority of the visitors went back to their countries, some settled, and intermarried with the local populations giving rise to a new Swahili culture along the Coast which has a strong Arabian flavor.

44. The Nation's What's On Guide ii) The Pokomo and orma These people came from the These two groups are the indigenous people of Lamu having lived culture that is the pride of Lamu people. http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/whatson/october2001/culture.htm

Front Page Editors Note History Cultural Tourism ... Nation on the Web CULTURAL TOURISM DOWN MEMORY LANE IN LAMU By Monica Kinyanjui Lamu viewed fom the Indian Ocean Lamu archipelago is an ideal resort for those who like walking down the memory lane. There are magnificent old houses and narrow alleys that have defied the passage of time, delicate wood craftsmanship of yester year, numerous mosques and a thriving Swahili culture. A visit to Lamu takes one back through time to a way of life that has remained unchanged for the last six hundred years. Time tends to stand still when holidaying in Lamu. Little has changed and one can capture the ambience of mystery of one of the trading posts of East African coastline that has persisted for centuries. Lamu archipelago is the Venice of Kenya as it is linked to the mainland and to the three other smaller islands of Kiwayu, Manda and Kiunga by waterways. World famous author, the late Ernest Hemmingway, had made his home in Lamu and a lot of his writings were inspired by this fascinating island.

45. RIC Query - Ethiopia (18 April 2001) and still others adhere to indigenous religions (Levinson Qaiioo, Anniyya, Tummugga or Marawa, orma, Akkichuu, Liban atrocities against its own people, and has http://uscis.gov/text/services/asylum/ric/documentation/ETH01004.htm

[Skip Navigation] [Home] [What's New?] [FAQs] ... SAVE (Verification Program) Ethiopia Response to Information Request Number: ETH01004.ZAR Date: April 18, 2001 Subject: Ethiopia: Information on the Oromo Ethnic Group, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), and the Oromo People's Democratic Organization (OPDO) From: INS Resource Information Center Keywords: Ethiopia / Armed resistance movement / Civil and political rights / Cultural identity / Democratic rights / Elections / Ethnic minorities / Ethnicity / Freedom of political opinion / Nationalism / Political participation / Political opposition / Political representation / Right to self-determination Query: 1) What are the major clans and sub-clans of the Oromo and in what provinces are these clans found? 2) Is the Oromo People’s Democratic Organization (OPDO) comprised only of Oromos, or can Tigrayans [Tigreans] hold positions in the OPDO? 3) What is the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) fighting for that OPDO cannot offer? 4) What are the ultimate goals of the OLF and how do they differ from the goals of the OPDO aside from the OPDO being a member of the Ethiopian People’s Democratic Front (EPRDF)? 5) Does the OLF have the right to engage in armed struggle following elections in 2000 that the State Department found to be "free and fair"?

46. SSRR No. 19 adopt the proud title of `Ilm orma the son basis that one can talk about indigenous environmental ethics. future is indifferent to primitive people because of http://www.ossrea.net/ssrr/workneh/workneh-12.htm

NOTES The origin of the name Galla is unknown. Many writers and travellers offered different and contradictory hypotheses. Huntingford (1969) assumed that the name Galla was probably given to strangers by the Sidamas, since the Sidama word Galo means stranger, that is, non-Moslem. Cerulli (1992) interpreted the phrase "Gala-lencada" as wandering lion. The Jesuit historian Father Balthezar Tellez thought that the name Galla was derived from Hebrew and Greek word "milk" ( Beke 1848, 3). Beke thought that it was probably because of the fairness of the Galla that the Jesuits designated them as milk. According to Braukamper "the name Galla was not restricted to the Oromo, but was also transferred by the Amhara and European authors to a number of neighboring groups such as HadiyaKambataEast Gurage" (1986, 1). Although there is no evidence that indicates that the word Galla is a bad word, it was given negative and derogatory meanings by Abyssinian rulers. The Oromo "usually adopt the proud title of `Ilm Orma' the son of men; and they call their language Afan Oromo" (Beke 1848, 3). The indigenous knowledge Vs modern scientific knowledge is an ideological construction. Some western scholars and modernizing groups consider modern knowledge as a universal horizon for humanity. On the other hand, they marginalized and disenfranchised indigenous knowledge. In this study, my intention is not to reverse the binary opposition and to favor tradition over modernity. Instead, I would argue that indigenous and modern knowledge are not rigidly hierarchical and mutually exclusive. Modern knowledge is an extension and development of indigenous knowledge. In some instances, they are parallel and convergent.

47. WCPA Regions - Central America with the IUCN Regional Office work with orma will contribute and Mexico, including scientists, government officials, indigenous and rural people, NGOs and http://www.uicn.org/themes/wcpa/region/camerica/camerica.html

A just world that values and conserves nature Main WCPA World Parks Congress Regions ... Publications Search About IUCN Members News Our Work ... Publications WCPA Regions - Central America Spanish Version Key Issues Programme News ... Publications Mr Juan Carlos GODOY (Guatemala) Regional Vice Chair for Central America Specialist in Protected Areas The Nature Conservancy 12 Avenida14-41 zona 10 Oakland Ciudad de Guatemala Guatemala Tel: +502 256 2565 (h), ++502 203-2693 (mobile) Email: jcgodoy@proarca.org Key Issues Central America is a narrow strip of land covering 533,000km , joining two continents and separating two oceans, the Atlantic and the Pacific. It has a diverse range of habitats with nearctic and neotropical faunal and floral elements. In general terms, it includes the highlands of the interior with its volcanic chains, with humid forest and mountains, descending to the coastal plains of the Pacific Ocean which are narrow and dry, and the plains of the Caribbean coast, which are wide and very humid.

48. Keny Safari Travel in a verdant grove of fig trees, indigenous flowering shrubs the cultural ecology of Maa speaking people, an effort to the lands of the orma people with their http://www.natureencounters.com/kenya.html

49. ForeB for Samburu, Borana, Somali, and orma pastoralists also host for exhibits on indigenous natural resource s dismal record has poisoned people’s attitudes http://www.elci.org/ecoforum/BaForetxt.htm

FOR THE TOTAL PRINT SOLUTION For trade inquiries, contact: kensta nairobi: tel 339621-6; fax 222652; e-mail sales@kensta.com kensta mombasa: tel 225399, 226954; fax 314316; e-mail msa@kensta.com The East African Environment and Development Magazine The Forest is Dead, Long Live the Forest! By PAUL GOLDSMITH A POWERFUL Straddling the Mt Kenya rain shadow, the 11,000 hectare Imenti-Kuuru forest spans several ecological zones and contains an unusually rich concentration of botanical biodiversity. The only remaining corridor for elephants migrating to montane forest from dry northern game reserves, and formerly a magnet for European bird watchers, this peri-urban forest also demarcates the northern border of Meru town. The respect accorded to trees and forests mirrors the Meru traditional ethic of environmental conservation; although pressure has been intense, the fact that the forest survives at all next to a growing urban centre gives cause for some hope. Up for grabs The 1989 excision of 200 hectares of prime forest for an Agriculture Society of Kenya showground set the forces of destruction in motion. Urban entrepreneurs began to launch weekend forays into the forest, emerging in broad daylight in matatus and land rovers packed with logs. Peasants followed suit by poaching valuable hard woods. Sixty more hectares were excised for a Kenya Reinsurance Housing Estate, and though local activists frustrated a surreptitious attempt by local elites to annex other plots in the forest, the attrition continued.

50. OneWorld Africa - OneWorld Africa Home>In Depth>Politics>Democracy alguns meios de comunica? ?orma descontra? como other Asian States that people need economic http://africa.oneworld.net/article/archive/1875/520

OneWorld Africa home In depth Politics Democracy Search for in OneWorld sites OneWorld partners OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld UK OneWorld United States AIDSChannel CanalSIDA Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK 11 June 2004 OneWorld South Asia English Send to a Friend Help Full Coverage: Democracy If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of expression ICT Internet Knowledge

51. CAPE - Community Based Animal Health And Participatory Epidemiology Unit of participatory approaches and methods focussing on experiences in dryland africa. Participatory research on bovine trypanosomosis in orma cattle, Tana River http://www.eldis.ids.ac.uk/pastoralism/cape/publications_epidemiology.htm

PART OF ELDIS - THE GATEWAY TO DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION Community-based Animal Health and Participatory Epidemiology Unit (CAPE) SITE INDEX Homepage Origins of CAPE Goals of CAPE Highlights of 2001 ... Publications list SEARCH ELDIS Advanced search Help ELDIS CONTENT Pastoralism Resource Centre People in pastoralism Pastoralism in print Publications and reports: Participatory epidemiology and research Participatory epidemiology: lessons learned and future directions Catley, A. ; Mariner, J. (2002) Workshop results on participatory veterinary epidemiology in the Horn of Africa More... Assessing the impact of Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Ngorongoro District, Tanzania Cleaveland, S., Kusiluka, L., Bell, C., Ole Kuwai, J., Kazwala, R. (2002) Impacts of livestock disease in Ngorongoro District, Tanzania More... Where there is no data: participatory approaches to veterinary epidemiology in pastoral areas of the Horn of Africa Catley, A. ; Mariner, J. (2002)

52. CAPE - Community Based Animal Health And Participatory Epidemiology Unit People in pastoralism, Pastoralism in print, Participatory research on bovine trypanosomosis in orma cattle, Tana River District, Kenya. , indigenous knowledge. http://www.eldis.ids.ac.uk/pastoralism/cape/publications_all.htm

PART OF ELDIS - THE GATEWAY TO DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION Community-based Animal Health and Participatory Epidemiology Unit (CAPE) SITE INDEX Homepage Origins of CAPE Goals of CAPE Highlights of 2001 ... Publications list SEARCH ELDIS Advanced search Help ELDIS CONTENT Pastoralism Resource Centre People in pastoralism Pastoralism in print Publications and reports: All A critical analysis of the selection and support of community livestock workers in Ghana African Union/Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources: Policy on community-based animal health workers, April 2003 Assessing the impact of community animal health care programmes: some experiences from Ghana Breaking the spears and cooling the earth: an analytical review of the Pastoral Communities Harmonisation Initiative ... The need and possible modalities of establishment of community based delivery of veterinary services and inputs in the arid and semi arid areas in Kenya If you experience difficulties downloading any of these documents, hard copies are available by contacting andy.catley@oau-ibar.org

53. World Wetlands Day 2000: Planned And Reported Activities presentación of the Network of indigenous People on wetlands Country, entitled Wetlands and People of the And a subsequent report from Enrique Lahmann, orma. http://www.ramsar.org/wwd2000_plans.htm

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands World Wetlands Day 2000: Activities planned and reported for WWD 2000 What is World Wetlands Day? World Wetlands Day , set for 2 February of each year, in recognition of the signing of the Convention on Wetlands on 2 February 1971, in the Iranian city of Ramsar, was celebrated for the first time in 1997. The purpose of World Wetlands Day is to provide an opportunity for government and citizens' groups to undertake actions aimed at raising public awareness of wetland values and benefits in general and the Ramsar Convention in particular. clean-up days, to radio and television interviews and letters to newspapers, to the launch of new wetland policies, new Ramsar sites, and new programmes at the national level. The suggested theme of WWD 2000 The suggested theme for World Wetlands Day 2000 is " Celebrating Our Wetlands of International Importance ". One of the texts being offered by the Ramsar Bureau in honor of WWD 2000 is an interpretation of this theme in terms of the "Vision for the List" the Convention's newly-adopted Strategic Framework for developing a global network of mutually reinforcing important wetlands by assisting nations in the task of planning their designations for the List of Wetlands of International Importance strategically. You can read this text here on this site, download the original brochure itself in PDF form, or ask for any number of hard copies to be sent to you in the post. This list includes both announcements of pre-WWD planning and later reports of activities that were carried out. So the grammatical tenses may seem a little strange.

54. Ramsar Bureau Work Plan For 2000, Section 3 13. Meeting with IUCN/orma to discuss joint strategy of work in Central America, San Jose Give priority to assisting indigenous and local people to develop http://www.ramsar.org/key_workplan_bureau_2000c.htm

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) Work Plan for 2000 (file 3) Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) Work Plan - 2000 [preceding section] Section 3: Regional Policy and Technical Work Plans 2000 Regional Coordinators, Work Plans and Targets The actions described in this Section are mostly to be undertaken by the four Regional Coordinators and the respective interns for these regions acting as their assistants (see Staff chart in Section 1). The Regional Coordinators are under the direct supervision of the Deputy Secretary General and ultimately the Secretary General. Other staff assist with the implementation of the respective regional action plans as required. In addition, the Coordinator of the Mediterranean Wetlands Initiative (MedWet) is appointed by the Secretary General and while outposted maintains close working contact with this Team of the Bureau. Summaries of the respective Regional Policy and Technical Work Plans are provided in the following sections as indicated. The full, more detailed Work Plan can be provided upon request. Africa Americas Asia Europe ... MedWet Action Plan 1999-2000 With regard to regional targets, paragraph 11 of Resolution VII.27 reads: The COP "ENDORSES the global targets for the Convention set under a range of themes in the Work Plan 2000-2002 and requests the Ramsar Bureau to prepare, based on the information contained in the COP7 National Reports and the Regional Overviews, regional targets for each for these same themes, for consideration and approval by the 24th meeting of the Standing Committee, and to disseminate these to all Contracting Parties for their information and consideration in guiding national and regional priority setting."

55. Environmental Defense Bank documents claim that it is indigenous villagers who and except for the occasional orma pastoralist in with the continued presence of local people in the http://www.edf.org/article.cfm?contentid=1575

56. Five indigenous People. Norway. Kenya. In midJuly five people reportedly were killed in fighting that started after Pokomo rivals stoned to death two orma men. http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/english/fi/five.html

Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Five Definition: Five Five Adjective . Being one more than four. Noun . The cardinal number that is the sum of four and one. . A team that plays basketball. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Date "five" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. ( references Specialty Definition: Five Domain Definition Literature Five or the pentad, the great mystic number, being the sum of 2 + 3, the first even and first odd compound. Unity is God alone, i.e. without creation. Two is diversity, and three (being 1 + 2) is the compound of unity and diversity, or the two principles in operation since creation, and representing all the powers of nature. Source: Brewer's Dictionary Source: compiled by the editor from various references ; see credits. Top Specialty Definition: Five (From Wikipedia , the free Encyclopedia) Five (5) is the natural number following four and preceding six. Five in mathematics Five is the third smallest prime number, the next is seven. Because it can be written as 2^(2^1)+1, five is classified as a Fermat prime. Five is the only prime number to end in the digit 5, because all other numbers written with a 5 in the ones place under the decimal system are multiples of five. The number 5 is a Fibonacci number, being 2 plus 3. The next Fibonacci number is 8.

57. Oromia Briefs Ala, Qaiioo, Anniyya, Tummugga or Marawa, orma, Akkichuu, Liban rates second among the African indigenous languages. of about 30 million Oromo people living in http://www.oromoliberationfront.org/OromiaBriefs.htm

SBO/ Radio Liberating the Oromo People for Stability and Development in the Horn of Africa Oromia Brief Location Horn of Africa; in what is today Ethiopia. Oromia is approximately located between 3 degree and 15 degree N latitude and 33 degree and 40 degree longitude. Size Population 28 million; 3rd. largest nationality in Africa; single largest nationality in East Africa. Religion Waaqa, Islam, Christian. Resources Breadbasket of the Horn of Africa -cereals including wheat, barley, sorghum, maize, tafi; exports includes coffee, oil seeds, hides and skins; it has the largest livestock holding in Africa; forestry - houses all the forest and wildlife reserves of the Horn including unique species like Nyala-lbex, Colobus monkey and the red fox. minerals - two of three mineral belts of the region including gold, silver, platinum, uranium, marble, Nickel, and natural gas. History Political Objective The fundamental political objective of the Oromo people is to exercise their inalienable right to national self determination to liberate themselves from a century of oppression and exploitation, and to form, where possible, a political union with other nations on the basis of equality, respect for mutual interests and the principle of voluntary associations.

58. IGAD News The clashes between the pastoralist orma and Pokomo army and the rebel Sudan People’s Liberation to a report from the indigenous nongovernmental organisation http://www.saligad.org/news/news_december_2001.html

Capacity Building for Tackling the Misuse of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the IGAD Countries SALIGAD About SALIGAD News Publications ... Home News from the IGAD area Archive Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. ... Nov. Dec. Wed, 27 December 2001 Kenya, Police in Kenya have reported the killing of 53 Turkana pastoralists in Lokitaung, Turkana District, northwestern Kenya, by a large group of armed rustlers, believed to be from "a neighbouring country". IRIN , 27 December 2001 Tue, 26 December 2001 Kenya, The Kenyan government has disarmed 638 police reservists in Tana River District, eastern Kenya, to consolidate an uneasy calm that has returned to the area after violent clashes between the two communities in November and December, according to the East African Standard newspaper. The local district commissioner, James Waweru, said 80 illegal guns suspected to have been used during the clashes had also been recovered. IRIN , 26 December 2001 Thu, 13 December 2001

59. World Discovery indigenous religion (mostly based around the idea of a Eastern Cushitic Somali, Rendille, orma, Boran, Gabbra ( Galla The origins of these people in northeast http://worlddiscovery.aiesec.ws/countries/kenya/logistics

Developing individuals, communities and cooperation through global exchange Editorial Countries LivingTales Prev ... Logistics Red Tape and Visas Obvious, but still worth stating, check that your passport is current. And check that it will remain valid for at least six months beyond the end of your projected stay in Kenya. If you're travelling further afield in Africa, you'll need to allow for this, and ensure your passport has plenty of spare pages for stamps. British citizens need no visa to enter Kenya and nor do other Commonwealth citizens (with the exceptions of Indians, Pakistanis, Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, Sri Lankans and Nigerians) or passport holders from Ireland, Germany, Denmark, Finland, Ethiopia, Sweden, Spain, and Turkey, all of whom can enter Kenya freely, with just a visitor's pass, issued routinely on arrival. South Africans do not require a visa unless they intend to stay for more than a month. Kenyan Embassies Consulates and High Commissions AUSTRALIA: 33 Ainslie Ave, PO Box 1990, GPO Canberra (06/247-4748); also serves New Zealand. AUSTRIA: Rotenturmstrasse 22, 1010 Vienna (01/63 32 42).

60. EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS IN THE BUSH: WHY INSTITUTIONS MATTER no electricity, roads are scarce, and people live in which had been central to many indigenous ceremonies, as By the 1950s a number of wealthy orma were making http://cniss.wustl.edu/workshoppapers/EnsmingerPaper.htm

Market Integration and Fairness: Evidence from Ultimatum, Dictator, and Public Goods Experiments in East Africa Jean Ensminger Division of Humanities and Social Sciences HSS 228-77 California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA jensming@hss.caltech.edu Paper to appear in: Cooperation, Reciprocity and Punishment: Experiments in 15 Small-Scale Societies. Joseph Henrich, Robert Boyd, Samuel Bowles, Colin Camerer, Herbert Gintis, Richard McElreath, and Ernst Fehr, editors. Under review at Princeton University Press. Market Integration and Fairness: Evidence from Ultimatum, Dictator, and Public Goods Experiments in East Africa Jean Ensminger It is now well established that people in developed economies behave very differently in economic experiments than narrow economic self-interest would predict. Specifically, people appear to be more fair-minded and cooperative than predictions based on homo-economicus would lead us to assume (Henrich et al. , this volume, Fehr and Schmidt 1999). Intriguingly, the first data from a less developed society, namely the Amazonian Machiguenga study of Joseph Henrich (2000), which was a pilot for this volume, demonstrated far less fair-mindedness. Many of the other less developed societies represented in this volume also have means and modes in the ultimatum game that are below those for developed societies.

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