1. IUCN Social Policy Networks - SPGT Gender Advisor, Area Temática Social, orma. lorena.aguilar@iucn Maria Fernanda Espinosa. indigenous peoples and Biodiversity Policy, SUR iucn.org. East africa EARO. Edmund Barrow http://www.iucn.org/themes/spg/spgt.html

Social Policy A just world that values and conserves nature About IUCN Members News Our Work ... Health, Poverty and Conservation 17 - 25 November 2004, Bangkok, Thailand Vth World Parks Congress Durban September 2003 Search Social Policy Global Team (SPGT) SPGT is formed of focal points from IUCN global, regional and country offices. It functions as a virtual network of staff working on social policy issues within IUCN, and focuses on catalysing institutional change, providing institutional conditions to ensure that social dimensions of conservation become an integral part of policy development and implementation, and strategic planning within the Union. Global (based in Switzerland) Gonzalo Oviedo Senior Advisor, Social Policy, IUCN HQ gonzalo.oviedo@iucn.org Rati Mehrotra rati.mehrotra@iucn.org Mayte Blasco Assistant to Senior Advisor Social Policy mayte.blasco@iucn.org

2. Intelliware International – Information About Business Law, Biotechnology Law A across the South. The africa Group, for its part, is and innovations of the indigenous peoples and the local communities Office for Mesoamerica (IUCNorma), located in Costa Rica, in http://www.intelliwareint.com/Info6p.html

Biotechnology Law and Related Issues 1999 Genetics, Law and Society Conference, Saint Paul, Minnesota Related Documents Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Issues: Non-UPOV Plant Protection Schemes Beyond UPOV: Examples of developing countries preparing non-UPOV "sui generis" plant variety protection schemes for compliance with TRIPS GRAIN July 1999 Background The World Trade Organisation's agreement on intellectual property, known as TRIPS, sets out minimal standards for patent and other forms of intellectual property protection in the 134 WTO member states. If countries do not provide these standards, they can be punished through trade sanctions. TRIPS Article 27.3(b) requires all countries to protect intellectual property over plant varieties, the basis of food security. According to the agreement, this can be done by patent law or by "effective 'sui generis' system". Developing countries must implement this rule by 1 January 2000 and least developed countries by 1 January 2006. However, the article is being formally reviewed by the WTO members right now and could possibly be changed before the implementation deadline. The review of Article 27.3(b), which has been going on in Geneva over the 1999 series of TRIPS Council meetings, has revealed that the WTO membership is unclear as to what an "effective 'sui generis' system" is or should be. "Sui generis" simply means special or unique, leaving the matter completely open to interpretation.

3. The Constitution Of Kenya Review Commission THE RIGHTS OF KENYAS indigenous peoples. MEMORANDUM TOCONSTITUTION Turkana, Ogiek, Sengwer, Terik, orma, Wardei Somali, Borana, Rendille Policy and Tenure in africa, 2000, p http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/docs/11d126.htm

The Commission The Review Process The Constitution: Past, Present and Amendments Civic Education on the Constitution ... Some of your Views THE CASE FOR THE RECOGNITION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF KENYA’S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES MEMORANDUM TO:CONSTITUTION OF KENYA REVIEW COMMISSION PRESENTED ON MONDAY 15TH JULY 2002, NAIROBI NOTE: This memorandum has been prepared and submitted to the Constitution of Kenya Review Commission by members of pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities in Kenya. Pastoralists and hunter-gatherers (PHG) have identified themselves as indigenous peoples owing to their culture, relationship and spiritual attachment to their ancestral and traditional territories, in Kenya, and seek to have the new Kenyan Constitution recognize them as such. THE PROPOSALS AT A GLANCE 1. There shall be a constitutional Commission to address historical injustices. 2. This Constitution shall obligate the State to recognize the rights of indigenous peoples as stipulated by various international instruments and standards, specifically, ILO Convention 169, the United Nations Declaration on Persons belonging to Ethnic Minorities, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, amongst others, mentioned in this memorandum.

4. IUCN - The World Conservation Union - Global Programme - People In Costa Rica. lorena.aguilar@orma.iucn.org. Phone ++(506) 2410101 NGOs, governments and indigenous peoples in northern Canada and many countries in Asia and africa. She is currently http://www.iucn.org/about/peoplegp.htm

5. "Kenton Miller: Balancing The Scales - Community-Based Conservation Bib. 2" -Mtn and case studies, mostly from africa and Southeast Asia. Formacion Ambiental 7(15). PNUMAorma. Leff, Enrique a partnership in indigenous peoples, conservationists, and land use http://www.mtnforum.org/emaildiscuss/discuss97/060697d.htm

"Kenton Miller: Balancing the Scales - Community-Based Conservation Bib. 2" -Mtn-Forum Discussion Archive Article #060697d Author: Preston Hardison Date: Fri, 06 Jun 1997 14:00:08 -0400 Compiled by Preston Hardison, Department of Psychology NI-25, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: pdh@u.washington.edu; phardison@igc.apc.org. Suggested Readings on the Role of Conservation Biology in Community- Based Conservation Methods and Cases Brown, M. and Wyckoff-Baird, B. (1992/1994). Designing Integrated Conservation and Development Projects. The Biodiversity Support Program, World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, and the World Resources Institute, c/o World Wildlife Fund, Washington, D.C. Policy-oriented document that reviews principles of ICPD design, methods and tools for their implementation, and case studies, mostly from Africa and Southeast Asia. Bakema, R.J. (ed.)(1994). Local Level Institutional Development for Sustainable Land Use. Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) Press, Amsterdam. Reviews of institutions for local decision-making and participation in natural resources management, the effects of intervention, and the roles of administration and extension. Cernea, M.M. (1994). The Building Blocks of Participation: Testing Bottom-up Planning. World Bank Discussion Paper 166. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Covers methods for community diagnosis, analysis for comminity-based projects, the role of experimentation, institutions needed, how to manage conflicts, and decentralization by analyzing a single case of the Programa para Desarrollo Rural (PIDER) in Mexico.

6. Suggested Readings On The Role Of Conservation Biology In Community- Based Conse of forest crops, with foci on West africa and Latin PNUMAorma. Developing a partnership in indigenous peoples, conservationists, and land use planners in http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/hardp97a.htm

Compiled by Preston Hardison, Department of Psychology NI-25, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: pdh@u.washington.edu; phardison@igc.apc.org. Suggested Readings on the Role of Conservation Biology in Community- Based Conservation Methods and Cases Brown, M. and Wyckoff-Baird, B. (1992/1994). Designing Integrated Conservation and Development Projects. The Biodiversity Support Program, World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, and the World Resources Institute, c/o World Wildlife Fund, Washington, D.C. Policy-oriented document that reviews principles of ICPD design, methods and tools for their implementation, and case studies, mostly from Africa and Southeast Asia. Bakema, R.J. (ed.)(1994). Local Level Institutional Development for Sustainable Land Use. Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) Press, Amsterdam. Reviews of institutions for local decision-making and participation in natural resources management, the effects of intervention, and the roles of administration and extension. Cernea, M.M. (1994). The Building Blocks of Participation: Testing Bottom-up Planning. World Bank Discussion Paper 166. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Covers methods for community diagnosis, analysis for community-based projects, the role of experimentation, institutions needed, how to manage conflicts, and decentralization by analyzing a single case of the Programa para Desarrollo Rural (PIDER) in Mexico.

7. "FINAL CONCLUSIONS Meeting Of Women Leaders On The Environment" -Mtn-Forum On-Li Lorena Aguilar lorena.aguilar@orma.iucn.org. Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South africa. and the practices of indigenous peoples and local http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/mwlen02a.htm

FINAL CONCLUSIONS Meeting of Women Leaders on the Environment 7-8 March 2002 Helsinki, Finland Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 To: "Mountain Forum - Women" From: Mountain Forum Moderator Subject: Declaration that the Women Ministers of Environment Note: The message below was forwarded to the mf-women list by the EMF Moderator. Dear Colleagues: Please find attached the Declaration that the Women Ministers of Environment in Finland have produced. This meeting was co-hosted by IUCN, the Ministry of Environment of Finland and Harvard University. This document has been sent to Mr. Nitin Desai Secretary of the WSSD. Warm regards to all, Lorena Aguilar lorena.aguilar@orma.iucn.org FINAL CONCLUSIONS Meeting of Women Leaders on the Environment 7-8 March 2002 Helsinki, Finland Women ministers of the environment and representatives from 19 countries, as well as women leaders of 28 international governmental and non-governmental organisations working for sustainable development met in Helsinki on 7-8 March, 2002. The meeting of Women Leaders on the Environment was organised under the auspices of the Council of Women World Leaders (CWWL) and IUCN - The World Conservation Union, and hosted by the Ministry of the Environment of Finland. The meeting was co-chaired by Ms. Satu Hassi, Minister of the Environment and of Development Cooperation, Finland, and Ms. Rejoice T. Mabudafhasi, Deputy Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa. The meeting recognised that ten years ago, governments committed themselves to the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21, and while much work has begun, the full hope and promise of the integration of social, economic and environmental policies have yet to be wholly realised. Women bring a unique voice to the challenges and opportunities of sustainable development. Their experience, their participation and their leadership are crucial to the success of the World Summit on Sustainable Development. Johannesburg offers an opportunity to strengthen the world's commitment to a sustainable development that is fair and equitable for all, and to reaffirm countries' common but differentiated responsibilities towards that end.

8. SDNP Bangladesh ero.nl Alberto Salas alberto.salas@orma.iucn.org power generation sector in South africa, using near acceptable to some NGOs and indigenous peoples if these http://www.sdnbd.org/sdi/issues/climate_change/cop6/info-survey.htm

COP-6 Information Resources Survey: Date: 23-11-2000 U.S. global warming stance prompts pie in the face The top U.S. diplomat at a U.N. climate conference was hit in the face with a pie on Wednesday, as activists and delegates alike expressed frustration over unproductive talks meant to curb fossil fuel emissions. Date: 20-11-2000 Climate talks 'could fail' By environment correspondent Alex Kirby in The Hague As government ministers gather in The Hague for the UN conference on climate change, the president of the talks, the Dutch environment minister, Jan Pronk, has warned there is no guarantee of success for international efforts to halt global warming. U.S. blasted at Hague conference for proposed use of 'carbon sinks' Environmentalists lashed out at the United States on Thursday for what they allege is a cynical scheme to turn the Amazon and other primal forests into "carbon sinks" to soak up greenhouse gases. They said the proposal was a blatant attempt to dump the problem of global warming onto the world's poor countries and get out of making costly cuts in energy consumption at home.

9. Aneesa Kassam And Ali Balla Bashuna the Waata were deprived of their relative autonomy visà-vis the Gabra, Boorana, orma and Sakuye pastoral africa’s indigenous peoples ‘First peoples http://www.abdn.ac.uk/chags9/1kassam.htm

Aneesa Kassam and Ali Balla Bashuna The predicament of the Waata, former hunter-gatherers of East and Northeast Africa: etic and emic perspectives Aneesa Kassam, Department of Anthropology, University of Durham, England and Ali Balla Bashuna, Marsabit, Kenya Paper to be presented at the Ninth International Conference on Hunters and Gatherers, Edinburgh, Scotland, 9-13 September, 2002. Abstract This paper tells the story of the Waata, former Oromo hunter-gatherers of East and Northeast Africa, who specialized in elephant hunting. It relates how the Waata way of life was brought to an end in the colonial period due to the enactment of wildlife conservation laws and the creation of national parks. Through this policy and that of the containment of ethnic groups to tribal reserves in Kenya, the Waata lost their place in the regional system of production. As a result, they lost their autonomy and became servile members of the Boorana and Gabra Oromo pastoral groups with whom they had traditionally interacted. They thus suffered both external, state, and internal, cultural, discrimination. The paper describes the Waata struggle for self-determination in postcolonial Kenya and reflects on the problems of advocating their cause, both from an emic and etic point of view. Introduction The story is told emically, from the inside, from the point of view of a Waata social activist from Northern Kenya (Bashuna 1993; forthcoming), and etically, from the outside, from the perspective of a social anthropologist (Kassam 1986; 2000). Both researchers have been analysing the problem of the Waata in different ways. Their present collaboration is the outcome of a dialogue that began in Kenya over a decade ago. The paper also reflects on this dialogical process and on the problems of advocating the Waata cause.

10. Bibliographie: International Development Research Centre Entrepreneurs in Southern africa, Gemini Technical Intellectual Property of indigenous peoples, Commission des Differentiation among Galole orma Women », dans http://web.idrc.ca/fr/ev-29532-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

var static_ko="29532"; var static_section="201"; var static_langue="fr"; crdi.ca Publications Livres en ligne Sci. et tech. Explorateur crdi.ca À propos du CRDI Activités de recherche Bibliothèque ... Salle de Presse Communauté Propriétaire Bill Carman ID : Ajouté le : 2003-05-13 17:27 (Ottawa) Mis à jour le : 2003-07-04 12:23 (Ottawa) Bibliographie Document(s) 20 de 20 AAAS ( A AVANCEMENT DES SCIENCES Science in Africa : Women Leading from Strength AAAS AAUW ( A MERICAN A SSOCIATION OF U NIVERSITY W OMEN How Schools Short-change Girls : A Study of Major Findings on Girls and Education AAUW Educational Foundation and National Education Association. A CERO ITTER , S. ET R OWBOTHAM , S. ( DIR Women Encounter Information Technology : Perspectives of the Third World , Londres ( R.-U. ), Routledge. A DVISORY P ANEL ON F OOD S ECURITY , A GRICULTURE , F ORESTRY AND E NVIRONMENT Food 2000 : Global Policies for Sustainable Agriculture , Londres ( R.-U. ), Zed Books. AFCZ ( A GRICULTURAL F INANCE C ORPORATION OF Z IMBABWE Annual Report, 1990 , Harare ( Zimbabwe ), AFCZ A GARWAL Feminist Studies , L.

11. Bibliography: International Development Research Centre and political differentiation among Galole orma women. health and disease in subSaharan africa. Resolution V — Health of indigenous peoples, development and http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-29532-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

var static_ko="29532"; var static_section="201"; var static_langue="en"; IDRC.CA Publications Books Online Topic Explorer Books Online Economics General Health ... Nat. Res. Participate Owner Bill Carman ID: Added: 2003-05-13 17:27 (Ottawa) Modified: 2003-07-04 12:23 (Ottawa) Bibliography Document(s) 20 of 20 AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science). 1993. Science in Africa: women leading from strength. Sub-Sahara Africa Program, AAAS, Washington, DC, USA. AAUW (American Association of University Women). 1992. How schools shortchange girls: a study of major findings on girls and education. AAUW Educational Foundation and National Education Association, Washington, DC, USA. In Mitter, S.; Rowbotham, S., ed., Women encounter information technology: perspectives of the Third World. Routledge, London, UK. Advisory Panel on Food Security, Agriculture, Forestry and Environment. 1987. Food 2000: global policies for sustainable agriculture. Zed Books, London, UK. AFCZ (Agricultural Finance Corporation of Zimbabwe). 1991. Annual report, 1990. AFCZ, Harare, Zimbabwe. In Aghenta, J.A. 1989. Access by women to scientific studies and technological training. UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, Paris, France.

12. WAR 89 The Orma Boran - A Trypanotolerant East African Breed among the indigenous zebu cattle of East africa. The Boran type cattle of the orma people in the Tana River district of Kenya is an indigenous Bos indicus http://www.fao.org/ag/AGa/AGAP/FRG/FEEDback/War/W6437t/w6437t08.htm

SHORT COMMUNICATION/BRÈVE COMMUNICATION/COMUNICACION BREVE The Orma Boran - a trypanotolerant East African breed R.B. Dolan This article is published with the kind permission of the Director, Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI), PO Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya, where the author can also be contacted. ORMA BORAN: UNE RACE TRYPANOTOLÉRANTE D'AFRIQUE DE L'EST L'Institut de recherche sur la trypanosomiase du Kenya a étudié pendant plus de 15 ans les bovins de la race Orma Boran dans la région du fleuve Tana au Kenya, infestée par la mouche tsé-tsé. Ces bovins, par rapport à d'autres races d'Afrique de l'Est, ont démontré une certaine tolérance à la trypanosomiase. Ils ont des taux de morbidité et de mortalité inférieurs et requièrent moins de traitements. Un programme de sélection a été mis en place afin d'améliorer les caractéristiques de production de viande de ces bovins tout en conservant leur trypanotolérance. Les taureaux issus de ce programme de sélection sont aujourd'hui vendus aux éleveurs dans d'autres régions du Kenya infestées par la mouche tsé-tsé. LOS VACUNOS ORMA BORAN, RAZA TRIPANOTOLERANTE DE AFRICA

13. Bibliography Of Indigenous Knowledge And Institutions Resource Values on indigenous peoples Are Nonmarket Valuation Agricultural Water Management in East africa." african Affairs The Rights of indigenous peoples in InterGovernmental http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/wsl/indigbib.html

WORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY Indigenous Knowledge and Institutions (2100 citations) Compiled by Charlotte Hess November 21, 2001 Abay, Fetien, Mitiku Haile, and Ann Waters-Bayer 1999. "Dynamics in IK: Innovation in Land Husbandry in Ethiopia." Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor Abbink, John. 1993. "Ethnic Conflict in the 'Tribal Zone': the Dizi and Suri in Southern Sudan." The Journal of Modern African Studies Acharya, Bipin Kumar. 1994. "Nature Cure and Indigenous Healing Practices in Nepal: A Medical Anthropological Perspective." In Anthropology of Nepal: Peoples, Problems, and Processes . M. Allen, ed. Kathmandu, Nepal: Mandala Book Point. Acheson, James M. 1994. "Transaction Costs and Business Strategies in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." In Anthropology and Institutional Economics . J. Acheson, ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Monographs in Economic Anthropology, no. 12). Acheson, James M. 1990. "The Management of Common Property in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." Presented at "Designing Sustainability on the Commons," the first annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Duke University, Durham, NC, September 27-30, 1990. Acres, B. D. 1984. "Local Farmers' Experience of Soils Combined with Reconnaissance Soil Survey for Land Use Planning: An Example from Tanzania."

14. Key Notes Under higher tsetse challenge, the orma Boran grow so that they can assist indigenous communities in the LIFE Network/Movement for peoples’ Conservation of http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Y3970E/y3970e02a.htm

Community-Based Management of Animal Genetic Resources with Special Reference to Pastoralists League for Pastoral Peoples, Pragelatostr. 20, 64372 Ober-Ramstadt, Germany (e-mail: gorikr@t-online.de Abstract Introduction Local or indigenous livestock breeds play an important, even crucial role for sustainable rural livelihoods and the utilization of marginal ecological areas. Besides providing a wide variety of products, they yield important non-monetary benefits by enabling poor and landless people to access and utilize communally owned grazing areas, by producing dung that is vital to sustain intensive crop cultivation, by being a component of indigenous rituals and social exchange systems, and by representing a mobile bank account that can be cashed in at times of need. They thus form an essential component of sustainable rural livelihoods. For many decades these indigenous animal genetic resources were perceived as unproductive and inherently inferior to high-performance or improved breeds and, as a consequence, they were subjected to cross-breeding or even replacement with exotic breeds. As a result of this and various other factors, the number of indigenous livestock breeds has declined rapidly during the twentieth century. About one-third of the more than 7 000 livestock breeds (including poultry) registered in the FAO global database are regarded as threatened by extinction (Scherf, 2000). The revival of interest in these local animal genetic resources can be attributed to the following factors:

15. People Of Kenya has become the most extended indigenous language in africa up speaking English, most rural people still speak Rendille and orma speaking groups occupy the north http://kenya.com/people/people_002.htm

Current time in Nairobi Special Fares to Kenya e-mail Log in Safari Finder My Itinerary QUICK BROWSE Swahili Origin of Swahili kenya's linguistic groups Swahili the National Language of Kenya Swahili or Kiswahili has become the most extended indigenous language in Africa, with some 50 million speakers. Currently it is the official and national language in Tanzania. In Kenya and Uganda it is the national language, since official communications and administration use English. Thanks to the relationships of the East African countries with the neighboring countries, Swahili is also spoken in some regions of Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia and South Africa. The name of this language has its origin in sâhils-awâhil Dating the origins of Swahili is not an easy task. It seems clear that the language was spoken at the coast during the 13th century. Some authors propose a much more ancient origin: in his work "Journey through the Erithraean Sea", a greek trader named Diogene who visited the East African coast in the year 110 A.D. told that the arab traders who regularly sailed the coast talked to the natives in their local language, which could represent the first historical reference to Swahili.

16. MM July/August 1994 and particularly for indigenous peoples) whose lives it is adjustment technical assistance loans to africa are substantially effective claim that it is indigenous villagers who are a http://www.essential.org/monitor/hyper/mm0894.html

July/August 1994 The World Bank: Fifty Years is Enough! Table of Contents Features Troubled Waters: World Bank Disasters Along Kenya’s Tana River by Korinna Horta Slush Funds, Corrupt Consultants and Bidding for Bank Business by Pratap Chatterjee A Financial House of Cards by Patricia Adams Departments Behind the Lines Editorial : Fifty Years Is Enough! The Front Aristide Banks on Austerity Gene War Ruining a River Interview ... : In Defense of the Bank An Interview with the World Bank’s Armeane Choksi Economics: The Myth of the Chilean Miracle by Stephanie Rosenfeld Book Notes: Battling the Bank and IMF Names in the News Resources Letters The Milk Mob Aaron Freeman’s excellent article "Monkeying with Milk" ( Multinational Monitor, June 1994) explained why so many consumers and farmers are outraged over Monsanto’s collusion with the U.S. government in forcing recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) into our milk supply. It should also be noted that Food and Drug Administration (FDA) did not require two full years of human health testing on rBGH - as their protocol stipulates for drugs of this kind - but settled for 90 days; also in violation of their protocol, FDA did not require Monsanto to provide a residue test. Regarding the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (NASDA) and its support of rBGH: a NASDA meeting in Chicago last spring featured a training session for rBGH "spokespersons," sponsored by Monsanto. When NASDA met in Spring Green, Wisconsin, in July 1994 for golfing, boat rides and banqueting, the largest corporate sponsor was Monsanto, followed by other NASDA-regulated businesses. (Wisconsin Secretary of Agriculture Alan Tracy was recently named NASDA President.) The matter was referred to the Wisconsin Ethics Board.

17. Securing Tomorrow's Food tsetse pressure is high, the orma Boran gains inhabit the Sahel zone of africa systematically and to new environments, many indigenous people consciously shape http://www.pastoralpeoples.org/ikmonitor9-1.htm

Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, March 2001 PDF version 108 kb, 4 pages Intellectual property rights regime necessary for traditional livestock raisers Ilse Köhler-Rollefson This article discusses the need to recognize the intellectual property rights (IPRs) of pastoralists and other traditional domestic animal raisers in the light of the growing interest in making use of the genetic traits of indigenous livestock breeds. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), which has the global mandate for the conservation of domestic animal diversity, about one-third of the 5000 officially documented livestock breeds are threatened with extinction and are dying out at the rate of almost two per week. At the same time, the value of local breeds and their advantages over high-performance breeds are becoming increasingly evident (FAO 1999). For decades, local or indigenous livestock breeds were regarded as inferior to the high-performance breeds developed in the North. Cross-breeding with exotic animals has led to the dilution of indigenous breeds, and this is one of several factors responsible for a very severe narrowing of the genetic base of our domesticated animals. But now more and more reports are indicating that the performance of indigenous breeds is equal to or even better than that of improved or cross-bred animals. In

18. CONFLICT RESOLUTION PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK in the Greater Horn of africa commissioned sixteen papers collapse of an embryonic indigenous civil society, of trade values of peoples."38. Several conclusions for africa, in general http://payson.tulane.edu/conflict/Cs St/CONFSTRA2.html

CONFLICT RESOLUTION PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK REPORT PREPARED FOR USAID/KENYA BY MUTICON (MS Word Format) muticon box 14333 nairobi kenya. phone 860772 fax 860771 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND 9 CHAPTER 2: CONFLICT RESOLUTION PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK 11 A. CONFLICT RESOLUTION THEORY FOR PROGRAMMING 11 B. KENYA SPECIFIC META-THEORY 17 C. METHODOLOGIES OF IDENTIFYING CONFLICTS 21 D. AIDING CONFLICTS 23 E. THE CENTRALITY OF ETHNICITY IN CONFLICTS 25 CHAPTER 3: HOW DID KENYA AVOID/MANAGE MAJOR CONFLICTS? 28 A. CONFLICT THEORY LIMITS: KENYA 1963-1997 28 B. ACHIEVING THE POLITICAL KINGDOM 29 C. KANU, KADU, APP AND THE SINGLE PARTY STATE 30 D. "IN LAND WE TRUST" 31 E. FROM MAJIMBO TO A CENTRALISED DOMINATING STATE 37 F. AFRICANISATION AS EMPLOYMENT AND DERACIALISATION 38 G. EXPANDING ECONOMY 42 I. EXPANDING ORGANISATIONAL BASES FOR PUBLICS 47 J. STATE VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 49 A. LAND FREEDOM ARMY, SECOND MAU MAU WAR AND LAND 55 B. RESOURCE DRIVEN CONFLICTS 56 C. LIVESTOCK RAIDING 57 D. SHIFTA WAR 59

19. Participatory Management Clearinghouse and strengthening local communities and indigenous people s participation in Regional Office for Mesoamerica/orma and the areas (mostly in africa) and French http://www.pmcnet.org/PMCinfo/about.aspx

20. Life Peace Review, Vol.8, No.4, 04/94 Through the Horn of africa Program, the Life Peace Institute Hillary Kelly, "orma and Somali Culture sharing in JubaTana the mutual benefits of the peoples of the two countries http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Newsletters/peace.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER In this issue: * Editorial - Somalia: The Untold Stories * Somalia: Its Geography and Population by Mohamed I. Farah * Somalia: Its Political and Cultural History by Mohamed I. Farah * Who Destroyed the Environment in Somalia by Mohamed I. Farah * The Struggle to Survive: Somali Refugees in Kenya by Mohamed I. Farah * Politics and Society in Somalia's North-Eastern Region by Mohamed I. Farah * Promoting Grassroots Participation of Somali Women in Peace and Development * A Voice from Somalia by Halima Ismael * The Horn of Africa Bulletin * The Roots of Reconciliation by Ahmed Yusuf Farah and Ioan Lewis * Minorities in Somalia: Interview with SAMO's Mohamed Abdullahi Suleiman by Mohamed I. Farah * Peace Reasearch: The Horn of Africa Program by Sture Normark * Understanding the UN's Failure in Somalia by Ken Menkhaus * Demobilisation in Somalia: Problems and Prospects by Margaret A. Vogt * A Personal View by Mohamed I. Farah Somalia: The Untold Stories Since the fall of Siad Barre and the power struggle following his departure, events in Somalia have been closely followed by international media for four full years, as clan militia has been destroying everything leading Somalia into complete chaos. Press coverage has not always been fair, neither to the Somali people, nor to the many international actors who have been involved in various activities trying to alleviate suffering and bring order and peace to the region. The role of the UN, and especially UNOSOM, has been heavily criticised, and many have labelled it a complete failure. The same kind of criticism, however, could equally be levelled at other actors, such as the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), the Islamic Conference, the Arab League as well as the neighboring states, and the NGOs and many others.

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