21. Exposing The Scandal: The Opium Wars World history A Human Odyssey. Belmont, Ca West Publishing Co. ©1993. 2. Ibid.3. Richard Hooker, Ch ing China The opium wars http//www.wsu.edu8080/~dee http://sun.menloschool.org/~sportman/westernstudies/second/24/dblock/alexc/

Exposing The Scandal: The Opium Wars By Alex Cecil Nanjin The war with Britain officially ended yesterday, but many Chinese still harbor feelings of resentment towards their once trading partner. The treaty marks the end of a war that started in 1839 , when Britain, in a selfish attempt to continue trade with China, began importing opium from the British owned East India Company. The British then sold the opium in Canton, one of China's major port cities, and one of the only ports where foreigners were allowed. Empress Cixi released a statement today in response to criticism of her actions, and those of the ruling Manchu government. "I have often thought I am the cleverest woman who ever lived..." she said. [1] Empress Cixi denied rumors that she would be stripped of power due to China's defeat claiming that "Many Chinese regard [Empress Cixi] as the 'most powerful woman in China's history.'" [2] She later went on to add that although mighty China is now more humble, she still stands behind her original decision to open Canton to foreigners. "I have 400 million people all dependent on my judgement" she said, and she feels that the decision to westernize was important. However, many peasants disagree with the monarch. "The British are responsible for the taxes we pay now, and also for our declining economy." said Jiang Hainan, a local rice farmer. "The Chinese are stuck paying for a war when we committed no crime, how can I make a living with such large taxes?"

22. Opium Wars This exhibition is yet another attempt to rewrite history and we have seen and Theopium wars were a consequence of Chinese efforts to stop the trade and led http://members.tripod.com/AnilBh/meerut/jeremy.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Independence and illusion of equality NEW VISTAS JEREMY SEABROOK With his consent. Email - yrn63@dial.pipex.com The Statesman July 7, 2002 A recent exhibition at the British Library promoted itself thus, "Imagine an England without tea in china cups without pepper, chintz or chutney; travel back 400 years in time and experience the long and perilous sea voyage from London to Asia in the 1600s and discover how everyday things we now take for granted were once exotic and exciting; and learn how the Asian communities in Britain today first started". Claude Alvares in his book, Decolonising History , states that before the East India Company arrived in the sub-continent, there was nothing produced in Europe which India needed. It's own industrial techniques, of great antiquity, had a richness and subtlety far superior to any which European traders had to offer. Such self reliance could not be permitted to endure. And the arrival of the East India Company at Surat in Gujrat in 1608 swiftly ensured that it would not do so. The incursions into Asia - Indonesia, India and China - by what it has become cliché to call "the first transnational " became a

23. Welcome To Amoymagic.com, An English Guide To Xiamen! Every time history repeats itself, the price goes up. An American professor in Xiamenactually asked me, “Didn’t the West fight the opium wars to prevent http://www.amoymagic.com/OpiumWar.htm

Return to AmoyMagic.com Amoy Magic The Fujian Adventure Mystic Quanzhou ... Dr. Bill Brown , Xiamen University MBA Center) Lords of Opium Every time history repeats itself, the price goes up. Anonymous He who sacrifices his conscience to ambition burns a picture to obtain the ashes. Chinese Proverb Elie Wiesel, Nobel Laureate (in "A Personal Response") Just Say No? Before my quick overview of the Opium Wars, lets read "The Opium Den," from Macgowan's "The Story of the Amoy Mission" (1889, p.180). But there was no deliverance for those inside. The Birth of the Opium Trade On Dec. 2, 1799, a distraught emperor penned an anti-opium edict, noting: The Way of Heaven In a poignant letter to Queen Victoria, Imperial High Commissioner Lin Zexu wrote: Up in Smoke If the trade is ever legalized, it will cease to be profitable from that time. The more difficulties that attend it, the better for you and us." . Directors of Jardine-Matheson Rather than submit, city officials committed suicide, for as Waley wrote

24. NoodleLinks: Effects Of The Opium Wars On China html . A timeline of opium through history, including the opium wars.This published. A Short history of the opium wars. 22 Oct. 2003 http://www.noodletools.com/noodlelinks/links/xer29umb_031221164140f7704008674f58

Topic: Effects of the Opium Wars on China Submitted by anonymous on December 21st, 2003 Works Cited Beers, Burton F. China In Old Photographs, 1860-1910 . New York: Dorset Press, 1981. This book contains several photos of the Chinese land, Manchu people, various opium smokers, etc. The compiler of photographs (author) is Professor of History at North Carolina State University, and is the author of "The Far East: A History of Western Impacts". CNN - Hong Kong: Past This is a trustworthy site because it is through CNN, which covers news all over the world. Fitzgerald, C. P. The Horizon: History of China . Ed. Norman Kotker. New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., 1969. This book contains extensive information on the Manchu/ Ch'ing Dynasty, Opium War, the effects of aforementioned war, and China's foreign relations. Gernet, Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilization . New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982. This book covers the history of the Manchu/Ch'ing Dynasty. The author was Professor of History at the University of Paris VII and Director of Studies, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.

25. A Quick History Of Opium opium A history. Traces opium s history from the first evidence of poppycultivation (possibly as early as 4,000 BC) to the drug wars of today. http://www.a1b2c3.com/drugs/opi002.htm

Opium A Quick History Of Opium By Alfred W. McCoy Opium as Folk Pharmacopoeia (Up to 1600) Dominant Trend : Over the space of some three millennia, opium spread from its home in the eastern Mediterranean to China, creating an extended Asian opium zone. For the first time in recorded history, opium became a recreational drug in the cities of Mughal India. Implication : The persistent role of opiates as folk medicine and recreational euphoric for nearly 4,000 years raises questions about the chances of effecting its eradication in the near future. Early European Opium Trade (1640-1773) Dominant Trend : In this period, there was a shift from a limited trade in opium though intra-Asian networks to an expanding European commerce that stimulated both supply and demand. Working separately, European mercantile companies commercialized both opium cultivation and commerce, making it the basis of a profitable long distance trade in low-weight, high-value goods. Implication : During this era, opium's extraordinarily profitability, combining the constant demand of a staple with the high price of a luxury, becomes manifest. As an addictive drug, opium requires a daily dose giving it the inelastic demand of a basic foodstuff. Long distance sea-trade in bulk foods was still beyond the capacity of the era's maritime technology, but opium had the low weight and high mark-up of luxury goods like cloves or pepper.

26. Hong Kong History | Lonely Planet World Guide Hong Kong history. Hong Kong has supported human life since at least the StoneAge. The British took control of Hong Kong in 1841 following the opium wars. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/north_east_asia/hong_kong/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Hong Kong History The British sent an expeditionary force to China to exact reprisals, secure favourable trade arrangements and obtain use of some islands as a British base. The force blockaded Canton (now called Guangzhou) and a number of other ports, ultimately threatening Beijing. The British pressured the Chinese into ceding Hong Kong Island to them in perpetuity. Both sides ultimately repudiated the agreement, but Commodore Gordon Bremmer led a contingent of naval men ashore on 26 January 1841 and claimed the island for Britain. A series of conflicts followed, with the British backed by French, Russian and American interests. A combined British and French force invaded China in 1859, forcing the Chinese to agree to the Convention of Peking, which ceded the Kowloon Peninsula and nearby Stonecutters Island to the British. In 1898, the British also gained a 99-year lease on the New Territories, which they felt essential to protect their interests on Hong Kong Island. In the early 20th century Hong Kong began a gradual shift away from trade to manufacturing. This move was hastened by the civil war in China during the 1920s and by the Japanese invasion in the 1930s, when Chinese capitalists fled to the safer confines of the colony. When the US embargo on Chinese goods during the Korean War threatened to strangle the colony, it was forced to increase its manufacturing capacity and develop service industries, such as banking and insurance. Hong Kong's existence was threatened again when the Communists came to power in China in 1949 and during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s. Although the Chinese could have re-taken Hong Kong with ease, a precarious peace prevailed.

27. History Of Opium - From "Little Book Of Opium" - Heroin Helper Laudanum is important in the history of opium because users in the West most soinvolved with the British government by the time of the opium wars, that it http://www.heroinhelper.com/curious/history/opium_history.shtml

Heroin Helper my books angry curious ... letters Opium History Use of opium dates back further than there is history. Archeological digs in Switzerland have found Opium Poppy seeds and pods, dating from the Neolithic agethe "New Stone Age", a period running from 5500 B.C. to 8000 B.C. This makes opium the oldest known drug. The Sumarians The first people known to have used opium are the Sumarians who lived in lower Mesopotamia (now western Iraq). The Sumarians are best remembered as the culture that invented writing. But in most ways, they were far ahead of their time. They produced ten times as much food as other farmers in the regionlargely due to their use of irrigation. They traded extensively with their neighbors, especially food and the drugs opium and beerit is estimated that as much as half of the Sumarian barley crop went to beer production. The use of opium by the Sumarians dates back as far as 3500 BC (5500 years). It is known that they used opium medicinally. Some contend that it was not used recreationally. This is highly unlikely, however; the Sumarian name for the opium poppy is hul gil , which means "joy plant". Plus their use and export of alcohol indicates that recreational use of drugs was as important to the people of that time as it is today.

28. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results 1. opium wars The Hutchinson Dictionary of World history; January 1, 1998 opiumwars Two wars, the First opium War 183942 and the Second opium War http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_dictiona

29. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results 7. WORLD history Change Gathers Steam 180040 The World in the Napoleonic wars,along with 600 to bar imports of opium, which had damaged Chinese society and http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_almanacs

30. Opium Wars --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia The British used the , history of , opium wars two trading wars in the mid19thcentury in which Western nations gained commercial privileges in China. http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=298250&query=peking&ct=ebi

31. Hong Kong history. European trade with China had been taking place since the 16th century. TheBritish took control of Hong Kong in 1841 following the opium wars. http://www.asianweb.net/webscape/hongkong/hhistory.htm

History European trade with China had been taking place since the 16th century. The Chinese exported silk, tea and porcelain while importing opium from the West. In 1773, the British unload 70,00 kg of Bengal opium, and the Chinese taste for the 'foreign mud' grew exponentially. Seeing the bad effect of opium on its people, China declared opium illegal in 1799. Bet the Europeans, with the help of corrupt Chinese officials, managed to keep the trade in opium going until 1839, when the emperor again issued orders to stamping it out. Chinese government officials border British ships confiscating opium and burned them. The Royal navy retaliated leading to the First Opium War and Second Opium War. The British took control of Hong Kong in 1841 following the Opium Wars. In 1898, the British gained a 99-year lease on the New Territories, which they felt essential to protect their interests on Hong Kong Island. During World War II, Japanese invaded Hong Kong from across the mainland border and, subsequently, the British were forced to withdraw from the New Territories and kowloon on to Hong Kong Island. After a week of a stubborn resistance on the island, the defender - including the Hong Kong Volunteer Defense Corps - were overwhelmed and Hong Kong surrendered on Christmas Day. The Japanese occupation lasted for three years and eight months. In December 1984, the British agreed to hand over the entire colony when the lease on the New Territories ran out in 1997, rather than hang onto a truncated colony consisting of Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. The agreement theoretically allows Hong Kong to retain its present social, economic and legal systems for at least 50 years after 1997 although the proximate flexing of Chinese military muscle is a realistic concern.

32. Hong Kong S History. ­»´ä¾ú¥v¡C 19th Century Hong Kong. Its modern history During the opium wars with Chinain the Nineteenth Century, Britain used the territory as a naval base. http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Towers/2464/hist.htm

33. The Opium Wars: The Addiction Of One Empire And The Corruption Of Another period of British history and a new appreciation of the anger and distrust Chinastill feels towards the West as a result. The opium wars The Addiction of One http://www.historyofmilitary.com/The_Opium_Wars_The_Addiction_of_One_Empire_and_

The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another by Authors: William Travis Hanes , Frank Sanello , W. Travis Hanes Released: 01 November, 2002 ISBN: 1570719314 Hardcover Sales Rank: List price: Our price: You save: Book > The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another > Customer Reviews: Average Customer Rating: The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another > Customer Review #1: The Great Helmsman just said no This well written narrative describes the roots and actions of the two Opium Wars (1839-42, 1856-1860) fought primarily between Great Britain and China. Its not a pretty story, and its not a story familiar to many Americans. The gist of the problem for the British was that Britain had an insatiable demand for tea and silk, but there was virtually nothing the Chinese wanted to import from Britain. Therefore British traders in Canton imported opium from British-owned plantations in India, creating millions of Chinese opium addicts (including the emperor himself). Not only did drug dealing more than offset their negative balance of payments, it eventually generated nearly 10% of British tax collections.

34. HISTORY'S VIEW OF AN IMPERIAL COMMISSIONER IN THE OPIUM WARS. Television and Radio. Third World Asia. Urban Studies. Women s Studies. Searchby topic 13813. history S VIEW OF AN IMPERIAL COMMISSIONER IN THE opium wars. http://www.academicresearchpapers.com/abstracts/13000/13813.html

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35. UK Search Engine For Britain And The United Kingdom. - UKSprite UK web directory results for Society history By Time Period Nineteenth Centurywars and Conflicts opium wars. Sponsored Websites, VIP Profits. VIP Profits. http://www.uksprite.co.uk/directory/directory/Society/History/By_Time_Period/Nin

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36. Electronic Passport To Chinese History During the Han Dynasty, the Chinese invented paper, writers recorded the historyof their land, and the Chinese The British defeated China in the opium wars. http://www.mrdowling.com/613chinesehistory.html

HOME TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ... The Boxer Rebellion Dynasty From at least 1766 BC to this century, China was ruled by dynasties. A dynasty is a ruling family that passes control from one generation to the next. One dynasty lasted more than 800 years, while another lasted only fifteen years. The Chinese people supported their rulers because of what they called the Mandate of Heaven. The ancient Chinese believed their ancestors in heaven had chosen their leaders. The people would rebel against a weak leader because they believed he had lost the Mandate of Heaven. The Shang was the first dynasty to leave written records. The Shang rulers expanded the borders of their kingdom to include all of the land between Mongolia and the Pacific Ocean. The Shang practiced human sacrifice. If a king died, many of his slaves would join him in the grave. Some were beheaded first, others were buried alive. The Shang also developed a lunar calendar consisting of twelve months of 30 days each. When a Shang king died, his next oldest brother replaced him. When there were no brothers, the oldest maternal nephew became king. The Chou were nomads who lived west of the Shang. They overthrew the Shang and ruled China from 1122

37. History Channel Classroom: of one family s hardships after the stock market crashed, at the history MattersWeb site Research the opium wars on the Internet and use your data to create a http://www.historychannel.com/classroom/admin/study_guide/archives/thc_guide.096

This Week In History This Week in History October 29 - November 4 This episode of This Week In History explores the following events: 1. October 31, 1926: Harry Houdini dies 2. October 19, 1929: Ivar Kruegar's financial empire topples as the stock market crashes 3. November 2, 1929: Martin and Osa Johnson depart the United States to film Congarilla 4. November 3, 1839: First Opium War begins anonymity ante archive cannibal ... speculation Discussion Questions Harry Houdini was more than just a famous magician. Seventy-five years after his death, his name is still well known. How and why did Houdini become a part of American culture? The narrator states that "Houdini’s escapes were metaphors for our deepest fears." What is a metaphor? Why were Houdini's escapes metaphors for what we fear? Houdini's fixation with death reveals an obsession with immortality. Why do humans desire immortality? Houdini's real name was Erich Weiss. Why did he change his name to Harry Houdini? Do you think his popularity would have been any different if he did not change his name? Why or why not? Ivar Kruegar was called "the match king." Why?

38. The History Of "Free Trade" The history of Free Trade . of Free Trade The first time the arguments of free tradewere used to sway public opinion occurred with the opium wars in China of http://villa.lakes.com/eltechno/TVAfretr.html

The History of "Free Trade" By Jonathan Larson (1993) Opposing "free trade" and its latest manifestation, The North American Free Trade Agreement, is a bit like trying to stop a runaway truck loaded with mom's apple pies. Rarely has anything seemed so inevitable or respectable. Nevertheless, an organized grass-roots political movement has arisen to oppose NAFTA mostly made up of the victims who have already had their lives destroyed by the policies of "free trade." Elite opinion scoffs at the opponents of "free trade." The unstated premises are, that NAFTA's opposition is made up of people who don't know what's good for them; that trade matters should be left to professionals; and that whatever pain will result in a long-term gain. Even though NAFTA was negotiated by Republicans, support for the agreement is also shared by notorious "leftists" such as Michael Kinsley of CNN's Crossfire and The New Republic.

39. Chrysalis Books - The Opium Wars The opium wars presents a detailed and thoroughly engrossing new history that evokesthe political and moral struggles of the people involved in the wars that http://www.chrysalisbooks.co.uk/books/book/1861056893

categories publishers contacts special offers ... help Welcome to Chrysalis Books you are in : books : The Opium Wars Book Information The Opium Wars The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another Author W. Travis Hanes III, PhD and Frank Sanello Discounted Website Price: (approx. $28.26) Normal Price: Summary About the Author Historian W. Travis Hanes III, PhD is an internationally recognised expert on nineteenth-century Britain and holds a doctorate in British Imperial History. Frank Sanello has written numerous books on history and film. Publisher Robson Publication Date 3 November 2003 ISBN Size (hxw) 234 x 156mm Binding HB Pages Money Off! Register for our newsletters Extra More books in this category PDF Viewer To view PDF files you will require the free acrobat reader. Click the icon below. Categories Publishers Contacts Special Offers ... Privacy Policy Site by netXtra

40. Web Activity Lesson Plan, Glencoe World History, Glencoe, 2003 Students will be able to apply what they have learned by creating a timelineof major events in Chinese history from the opium wars to 1910. http://www.glencoe.com/sec/socialstudies/worldhistory/gwh2003/content.php4/455/5

"The Opium Wars and Beyond" Introduction The Opium Wars were the beginning of a period of repeated Western intervention in Chinese affairs. Western intervention created a sense of humiliation as well as a hunger for both reform and revolution. In this activity students will read about the Opium Wars and develop a timeline of the major events in Chinese history. Lesson Description Students will go to the Ch'ing China Web site to read about the Opium Wars. Students will answer a series of questions about the Opium Wars. They will then read about the subsequent periods of Chinese history leading up to the uprising of 1911 and create a timeline of Chinese history from 1830 to 1910, including the 10 most important events of that period and a brief description of each event. Instructional Objectives Students will be able to evaluate the significance of events in China during the Opium Wars and later. Students will be able to apply what they have learned by creating a timeline of major events in Chinese history from the Opium Wars to 1910. Student Web Activity Answers Lin Tse-hsü was the Chinese Imperial Commissioner at Canton who tried unsuccessfully to end the opium trade and the government corruption it produced in China.

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