1. A Short History Of The Opium Wars A Short history of the opium wars. From Civilizations Past And Present.Book Chapter 29 South And East Asia, 18151914. Author Wallbank http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/heroin/opiwar1.htm

Sign the Resolution for a Federal Commission on Drug Policy Contents Feedback Search ... Historical Research A Short History of the Opium Wars From: Civilizations Past And Present Book: Chapter 29: South And East Asia, 1815-1914 Author: Wallbank;Taylor;Bailkey;Jewsbury;Lewis;Hackett Date: 1992 Excerpted from Bureau Development's CD-ROM The Central Kingdom At the end of the 1800s China's four million square miles held 450 million people, up from 200 million a century earlier. The ruling dynasty was the Ching, established by Manchus from Manchuria, who in 1644 had superseded the Ming. These descendants of the Tatars appreciated Chinese civilization and adopted a conciliatory attitude toward their subjects. They refused, however, to allow intermarriage with the Chinese, for they realized that only their blood difference kept them from being assimilated and conquered. By and large, however, the Manchus gradually became Chinese in their attitudes and habits. The Manchu emperors were remarkably successful. The reign of Chien-lung (1736-1795) was a time of great expansion. The Manchus gained Turkestan, Burma, and Tibet. By the end of the eighteenth century Manchu power extended even into Nepal, and the territory under the Ching control was as extensive as under any previous dynasty. The Western Response The foreigners were especially irritated by the high customs duties the Chinese forced them to pay and by the attempts of Chinese authorities to stop the growing import trade in opium. The drug had long been used to stop diarrhea, but in the seventeenth and eighteenth century people in all classes began to use it recreationally. Most opium came from Turkey or India, and in 1800 its import was forbidden by the imperial government. Despite this restriction, the opium trade continued to flourish. Privately owned vessels of many countries, including the United States, made huge profits from the growing number of Chinese addicts. The government in Peking noted that the foreigners seemed intent on dragging down the Chinese through the encouragement of opium addiction.

2. History Of The Opium Trade In China In all history, no nation has ever set itself such a gigantic task, with In thismanner, first by large smuggling, then by two opium wars, was China drugged http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/om/om15.htm

Sign the Resolution for a Federal Commission on Drug Policy Contents Feedback Search ... Historical Research THE OPIUM MONOPOLY BY ELLEN N. LA MOTTE XV HISTORY OF THE OPIUM TRADE IN CHINA The China Year Book makes no mention of the traders who carried these chests of opium into China. The opium came from India, however, and the increase in importation corresponds with the British occupation of India, and the golden days of the East India Company. "Opium was now contraband, but that fact had no effect on the quantity introduced into the country," smuggled in wholesale by the enterprising British traders. After this atrocity, followed the first Opium War, when British ships sailed up the river, seized port after port, and bombarded and took Canton. Her ships sailed up the Yangtsze, and captured the tribute junks going up the Grand Canal with revenue to Peking, thus stopping a great part of China's income. Peace was concluded in 1843, and Great Britain came out well. She recompensed herself by taking the island of Hongkong; an indemnity Of 21 million dollars, and Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai were opened up as "treaty ports"-for the importation of opium and the "open-door" in general. Mr. Wells, in his "Middle Kingdom" describes the origin of this first war with England: "This war was extraordinary in its origin as growing chiefly out of a commercial misunderstanding; remarkable in its course as being waged between strength and weakness, conscious superiority and ignorant pride; melancholy in its end as forcing the weaker to pay for opium within its borders against all its laws, thus paralyzing the little moral power its feeble government could exert to protect its subjects. . . . It was a turning point in the national life of the Chinese race, but the compulsory payment of six million dollars for the opium destroyed has left a stigma upon the English name."

3. Opium Wars (fact and myth about the opium trade in East) (Monthly Review). history ofopium wars added to exhibit about the East India Company (AP Worldstream). http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0836734.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Opium Wars Opium Wars, Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. See A. Waley

4. WWW-VL History Index. Military History Polybius, Rome at the End of the Punic wars, history, Book 6 The opium wars 18391842. The opium wars 1839-1842 1856-1860 http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/topical/military.html

WWW-VL: MILITARY HISTORY Click here for The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) central catalogue The WWW-VL search facility. Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Research Tools Bibliography British and Commonwealth Orders of Battle Canadian Forces College/Peace and Security Server: Military History Land Forces of Britain, the Empire, and the Commonwealth [extraordinary breadth and depth of coverage] Military Data Resource [large number of links] On-Line Bibliography of Military Leadership War and Conflict - Past, Present and Future Simonides . Military Archaeology and History ... Women as Warriors in History Archives Text MILHST-L Modern Military History KOREAN-WAR-L History of the Korean War WWI-L World War I Images War Artists from the First World War (Archives of Ontario) Journals The Ancient History Bulletin South African Military History Journal DISPATCH , The Scottish Military Historical Journal ... Military History Publishers of Military History Books Military Bookman Osprey Publishing Ltd. (Military History)

5. Chinese History Library: Qing - Rob Gray Short history of the opium War. A history of opium in China, the opium wars, and General http://www.cnd.org/fairbank/qing.html

- Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) - General Qing Dynasty History An Outline History of the Qing Dynasty (from Hong Kong) An Outline History of the Qing Dynasty (from University of Maryland) List of Qing Dynasty Emperors Conversion Table for Late Qing Calendar (1860-1892) ... General Historical Information on All Provinces in China (many files contain substantial historical information from the Qing era) The Opium War Short History of the Opium War A History of Opium in China, the Opium Wars, and General Information on Opiates Map Showing Western Encroachments into China During Qing Dynasty Philately During the Qing Dynasty Commemorative Stamp Collection of Famous Chinese Historical Figures Stamps of the Qing Dynasty Miscellaneous Qing History Excerpt from Hsieh Ch'ing-kao's "Hai Lu" (a Qing Dynasty Man's European Travelogue) History of the Silk Route (includes information on Qing era) Histories of Shanghai and Beijing (includes information on Qing era) Photographs of Qing Porcelain Ware ... Photographs of Qing Antique Snuff Bottles People's Republic of China Republican Era Home Please send contributions and comments to Robert Gray : robgray@umich.edu

6. Modern Era the history of opium in China and its effect on the opium user, please check outCliff Schaffer s Opiates page which includes a brief history of the opium wars http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/modern.html

Emergence Of Modern China The success of the Qing dynasty in maintaining the old order proved a liability when the empire was confronted with growing challenges from seafaring Western powers. The centuries of peace and self-satisfaction dating back to Ming times had encouraged little change in the attitudes of the ruling elite. The imperial Neo-Confucian scholars accepted as axiomatic the cultural superiority of Chinese civilization and the position of the empire at the hub of their perceived world. To question this assumption, to suggest innovation, or to promote the adoption of foreign ideas was viewed as tantamount to heresy. Imperial purges dealt severely with those who deviated from orthodoxy. By the nineteenth century, China was experiencing growing internal pressures of economic origin. By the start of the century, there were over 300 million Chinese, but there was no industry or trade of sufficient scope to absorb the surplus labor. Moreover, the scarcity of land led to widespread rural discontent and a breakdown in law and order. The weakening through corruption of the bureaucratic and military systems and mounting urban pauperism also contributed to these disturbances. Localized revolts erupted in various parts of the empire in the early nineteenth century. Secret societies, such as the White Lotus sect ( ) in the north and the Triad Society ( ) in the south, gained ground, combining anti-Manchu subversion with banditry.

7. ThinkQuest : Library : Discovering China: The Middle Kingdom Traces the history of China from the opium wars and the decline of the Qing Dynasty to the end of the 20th century. http://library.thinkquest.org/26469/history/

Index Asia Discovering China: The Middle Kingdom The site explores 20th Century China to try and understand this enormous country. Users will discover that China is not as far away as it seems. There is interactive insight into major influences on twentieth century Chinese history, from Colonialism to Marxism, from monarchy to democracy and communism, with a particular eye on the Cultural Revolution. The role of China in international affairs is examined, and important Chinese historical figures are profiled. Visit Site 1999 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Awards Silver Languages English Students Yuki Kanagawa University High School, Yokohama, Japan Michael Clovis High School, Clovis, CA, United States Alex The Grove, Cape Town, South Africa Coaches Patricia Imperial Premium, Clovis, CA, United States Michio Kanagawa University High School, Kawasaki, Japan Debangsu Abidjan Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site.

8. CNN.com - 1840-1860: Opium Wars - June 24, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/06/20/hk.history.01/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 1840-1860: Opium Wars Trade war: Britain acquires 'a barren rock' At the start of the 19th century, Hong Kong was little more than a backwater in southern China, with no indication it would one day be a world trade center. By the middle of that century, Britain's desire to force opium on China had resulted in two wars and the loss of Chinese sovereignty in the territory. In the early 1800s, Hong Kong was inhabited mostly by subsistence farmers, fishermen and pirates. At that time, China's major contact with the outside world was taking place farther north, up the Pearl River, at Canton or what is now known as Guangzhou. It was in Canton that overseas traders from Britain, the United States and elsewhere lived and worked in a small enclave, closely regulated by Chinese officials. Trade had mostly been in China's favor, until the widespread introduction of opium, grown mostly in Britain's then-colony India. And it was in Canton that the illegal and highly profitable opium trade flourished.

9. The First Opium War - Suite101.com is a very good article on the opium wars in China. However, I take offense at theterm you have used to label your articles. Oriental history is politically http://www.suite101.com/discussion.cfm/oriental_history/55014/latest/8

Topics Articles Links Courses DIRECTORY COMMUNITIES BOOK CIRCLE SUITE U ... MY SUITE Search Suite101.com Within: Asian History History and Politics Search The Web Member Central Join Our Community! Login What's New Become a SuiteU Affiliate ... MemberUpdate Suite University About Suite University Suite University News Visit the University Course Listing ... FREE Demo Course New Topics Parenting Babies and Toddlers Views of a Young Appalachian Woman SpiritWell Travel Book Reviews ... More... Suite Events Teacher Appreciation Event 2004 Family Focus 2004 In Tune With Johann Sebastian Bach More about Suite101 About Suite101.com Advertise With Suite For more information - Select a related topic - African History American Reconstruction a Ancient Biographies Ancient British History Autograph Collecting Biographies British Social History Canadian Politics Civil War 1856-62 Crimean War Current Events - The Paci East Asian History Framing Political Issues Great American Plains History of the Bizarre an Inspirational People International Affairs and International Trade and P John Kerry Libertarian Liechtenstein Life in Canada Maine People North American Genealogy Peace Process Political Pro's Politics Conservative Postcolonial Studies Presidential Elections 19 Republicans Royal History Russian History and Cultu Shropshire Past and Prese The American Civil War The Old West The Rutherford Report The Underground Railroad Tudor England United States Labor Histo US History 1929-1945 - Select a related course - An Introduction to Classi Ancient India B.C. 323 to

10. Opium Wars true motive for Britain's opium wars was far more evil in the opium wars, it is necessary to step back, and to place them in the context of modern history http://east_west_dialogue.tripod.com/dialogue/id9.html

Opium Wars Home Huntington and Hobbes Ancient China's Technology Confucianism and Christianity Opium Wars Leibnizian Natural Law Leibniz on China American System China's Development ... Archives The addiction of tens of millions of Chinese to Opium was one of the biggest disasters ever to hit China. Although this story is well known in Asia, few Americans are familiar with it. East West Dialogue THE CHINESE OPIUM WARS: The Queen of England Pushes Dope ``In view of the inordinate lengths to which the corruption of morals have advanced, I almost think it necessary that Chinese missionaries should be sent us to teach the aim and practice of natural theology.'' Gottfried Leibniz At midnight on July 1, 1997, Hongkong, the British Crown Colony, will be restored to China. This is not only an event which will be celebrated by patriotic Chinese; any patriotic American should celebrate it as well. The British seizure of Hongkong was an aspect of one of the most ugly crimes of the British Empire: the takeover and destruction of India, and the use of India to flood China with opium. The British twice sent the Royal Navy to enforce opium addiction on China, in order to open up China for looting. In spite of this crime, the British and their allies in the United States, are trying to use the return of Hongkong to create a scandal around alleged ``human rights violations'' by the Chinese, as a pretext to disrupt relations between China and the United States. This is especially dangerous because the battle to create a new economic system, to replace the collapsing one, is centered around U.S. cooperation with China. The issue at stake is not that of ``communism versus free trade.'' The war is between the British System and the American System.

11. Opium Wars Free Essays Featured Papers. opium wars. The opium wars. opium wars. The opium wars In European history, it is perhaps the most sordid, base, and vicious event in European history, possibly, just http://www.netessays.net/viewpaper/6431.html

Home Login Join FAQ ... Custom Papers Opium Wars Subjects: 101,000 Term Papers Arts Custom Papers Direct Essays ... College Drunk Fest Login: Login Here! Top Essay Sites Get your essays here, to choose from! Opium Wars Wordcount = 1287 Featured Papers Opium Wars The Opium Wars Opium Wars The Opium Wars ... Click here for professional written papers on Opium Wars This is only the first few lines of this paper!! If you would like to view the entire paper you need to register here Top Essay Sites HELP!

12. Ch'ing China: The Opium Wars The opium War, also called the AngloChinese War, was the most humiliating defeatChina ever suffered. In European history, it is perhaps the most sordid, base http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHING/OPIUM.HTM

tons of opium into Canton which it traded for Chinese manufactured goods and for tea. This trade had produced, quite literally, a country filled with drug addicts, as opium parlors proliferated all throughout China in the early part of the nineteenth century. This trafficing, it should be stressed, was a criminal activity after 1836, but the British traders generously bribed Canton officials in order to keep the opium traffic flowing. The effects on Chinese society were devestating. In fact, there are few periods in Chinese history that approach the early nineteenth century in terms of pure human misery and tragedy. In an effort to stem the tragedy, the imperial government made opium illegal in 1836 and began to aggressively close down the opium dens. The War The Illustrated Gazatteer of Maritime Countries Illustrated Gazatteer of Maritime Countries Gazatteer Gazatteer that the Europeans had developed technologies and methods of warfare in their ceaseless and barbaric quest for power, profit, and material wealth. Civilization, represented by China, was in danger of falling to the technological superiority of the Western powers. Because China is a peaceful and civilized nation, it can overcome the West only if it learns and matches the technology and techniques of the West. The purpose of the Gazatteer ©1996, Richard Hooker

13. The Opium War's Secret History The New York Times Contact Pubdate June 28, 1997 EDITORIAL NOTEBOOK / By KARLE. MEYER The opium War s Secret history Losers rarely name wars, an exception http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v97/n196/a03.html

Media Awareness Project The Opium War's Secret History URL: http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v97/n196/a03.html Newshawk: rlake@mapinc.org Votes Source: The New York Times Contact: Pubdate: June 28, 1997 EDITORIAL NOTEBOOK / By KARL E. MEYER The Opium War's Secret History Losers rarely name wars, an exception being the conflict between Britain and China from 1839 to 1842, known bluntly ever since as the Opium War. To most Chinese, a century of humiliation began with this war, in which Westerners sought to force a deadly drug on an Asian people, and then imposed an unequal treaty that pried open their country and annexed the island that became Hong Kong. In embarrassing truth, that is essentially what happened. As Hong Kong reverts to China at month's end, many of us for the first time may see a bit of history from a different end of the telescope. Yet a further point needs making. Even the authors of the Opium War were ashamed of it, and Western protests against it marked the beginning of a concern with international human rights that in a fresh turn embarrasses today's leaders in Beijing. The British struck upon an ingenious way to reduce a huge trade deficit. Their merchants bribed Chinese officials to allow entry of chests of opium from Britishruled India, though its importation had long been banned by imperial decree. Imports soared, and nearly every American company followed suit, acquiring "black dirt" in Turkey or as agents for Indian producers.

14. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Opium Wars (South Asian History) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon opium wars, South Asian history. opium wars, South Asian history. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/O/OpiumWar.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 11, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia South Asian History ... Opium Wars By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z O Opium Wars, South Asian History Related Category: South Asian History Opium Wars, Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. See A. Waley

15. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Opium : History (Pharmacology) - Encyclopedia merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchasesof tea for export to Britain, an act that set the stage for the opium wars. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/O/opium-history.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 11, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Pharmacology ... opium By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z O opium, Pharmacology Related Category: Pharmacology The medicinal properties of opium have been known from the earliest times, and it was used as a narcotic in Sumerian and European cultures at least as early as 4000 B.C. The drug was introduced into India by the Muslims and its use spread to China. Early in the 19th cent., against Chinese prohibitions, British merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain, an act that set the stage for the Opium Wars . Chinese emigrants to the United States, who were employed to build the transcontinental railroad, brought the opium-smoking habit to the West Coast. During the 19th cent. opium was grown in the United States as well as imported. Besides indiscriminate medical use, opiates were available in the United States in myriad tonics and patent medicines, and smoking in opium dens was unhindered, resulting in an epidemic of opiate addiction by the late 1800s. The generous use of morphine in treating wounded soldiers during the Civil War also produced many addicts.

16. Hong Kong Museum Of History - Permanent Exhibition/Gallery 5 After the defeat in the opium wars, China ceded Hong Kong to Britain, anevent which proved to be a watershed in the history of the territory. http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/History/english/exhibition/standingexhibition/g

previous gallery next gallery Local History Collection Permanent Exhibition After the defeat in the Opium Wars, China ceded Hong Kong to Britain, an event which proved to be a watershed in the history of the territory. This gallery outlines the Opium Wars, their causes, the way they unfolded and the consequences. Going back to events before the Wars, visitors can trace the discovery of the new sea route from Europe to Asia, the arrival of the Portuguese in Macau and their mercantile activities there, the institution of the 13 Hongs Guangzhou, and early Sino-British relations. To complete the events relating to the territory, the ceding of Kowloon and the loan of the New Territories to Britain are recorded. On display are two historically significant monuments : the Napier Column from the Hong Kong Cemetery and the Fountain Arch originally erected in Possession Point. To create a semblance of the actuality of war, the Bogue Forts, used by Qing soldiers to repulse the British in the First Opium War, has been reconstructed. A video inside the Forts narrates the events leading up to the war, the war itself and its aftermath, designed to give visitors a clear understanding of the First Opium War.

17. Opium Wars In UK Directory: Library: Military History opium wars Collection of sites detailing the history of theopium wars, which were fought between Britain and China. http://www.ukdirectory.co.uk/Dir/?Category=705569,44537,604051,670210,671422

18. Chinese History - Qing Dynasty Event History (www.chinaknowledge. other secret societes and peasant or worker uprisings during Chinese history, butit The economical impact of the opium wars and the penetration of the Western http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Qing/qing-event.html

A universal guide for China studies from Chinaknowledge Chinese History - Qing Dynasty 渠朝 (1644-1911) Encoding: Unicode (UTF-8) [Location: HOME History Qing bottom Qing Dynasty event history period before (Ming Dynasty) next period (Republic) Qing Dynasty intro Map and Geography The Manchu conquest of China ... The Revolution of 1911 The Manchu Conquest of China The Way into Crisis That such a vast empire like Qing China would meet conflicts with neighboring people, is a natural cause. Already the occupation of the Ili Territory in the west has not been without consequences for the loyalty of Muslim people of Chinese Turkestan. But expanding Russia also claimed these territories of Inner Asia. Treaties with the Russian tsars helped to settle the border conflicts. Chinese troops proved the Qing sovereignity over Burma and Nepal. Chinese settlers in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Taiwan met rebellions of the aboriginal tribes that could only be subdued by military force. Muslim people stood up against the Qing regime in Gansu and Xinjiang. A Weakening China The Opium Wars Meanwhile, Russia also claimed rights on Chinese territory. The treaties of Nerchinsk (chin. Nibuchu 尼布楚) in 1689 and Kyakhta (chin. Qiaketu 恰堋土 or 恰堋圖) in 1727 already had regulated frontier line and trade between Qing China and Russia. In 1858 Russia occupied the territory north of the River Amur and clamied this territory as Russian, ensured in the Aigun Treaty (Aihui Tiaoyue 璦琿條約).

19. [Regents Prep Global History] Imperialism: China opium wars In the early 1800s, the British treasury was being depleteddue to its dependence upon imported tea from China. The Chinese http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/imperialism/china.cfm

Regents Prep Global History Imperialism China Opium Wars In the early 1800s, the British treasury was being depleted due to its dependence upon imported tea from China. The Chinese still considered their nation to be the Middle Kingdom , and therefore viewed the goods the Europeans brought to trade with as nearly worthless trinkets. To solve this trade imbalance Britain imported opium, processed from poppy plants grown in the Crown Colony of India, into China. Chinese officials attempted to ban the importation of the highly addictive opium, but ultimately failed. The British declared war on China in a series of conflicts called the Opium Wars . Superior British military technology allowed them to claim victory and subject the Chinese to a series of unequal treaties Unequal Treaties According to the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing , the Chinese were to: Reimburse Britain for costs incurred fighting the Chinese Open several ports to British trade Provide Britain with complete control of Hong Kong Grant extraterritoriality to British citizens living in China Spheres of Influence Eventually several European nations followed suit, forcing China to sign a series of unequal treaties.

20. MSN Encarta - Opium Wars VI, Significance. Print Preview of Section. The opium wars are extremelyimportant to China’s modern history. The wars, and the unequal http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553669/Opium_Wars.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items Asia area affected by Opium Wars more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Opium Wars News Search MSNBC for news about Opium Wars Internet Search Search Encarta about Opium Wars Search MSN for Web sites about Opium Wars Also on Encarta Encarta guide: The Reagan legacy Compare top online degrees Proud papas: Famous dads with famous kids Also on MSN Father's Day present ideas on MSN Shopping Breaking news on MSNBC Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Opium Wars Multimedia 2 items Article Outline Introduction British-Chinese Trade The Opium Trade The First Opium War ... Significance I Introduction Print Preview of Section Opium Wars (1839-1842, 1856-1860), two conflicts between Britain and China over trading rights. In the Second Opium War, also known as the

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 98    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20