1. Responding To Oil Spills, Oil Program, US EPA U.S. EPA oil spills program home page http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/response.htm

Oil Program Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Oil Program Responding to Oil Spills Where You Live About the Oil Program Reporting Oil Spills Preventing Oil Spills ... Learning Center Responding to Oil Spills Despite the nation's best efforts to prevent spills, almost 14,000 oil spills are reported each year, mobilizing thousands of specially trained emergency response personnel and challenging the best-laid contingency plans. Although many spills are contained and cleaned up by the party responsible for the spill, some spills require assistance from local and state agencies, and occasionally, the federal government. Under the National Contingency Plan , EPA is the lead federal response agency for oil spills occurring in inland waters , and the U.S. Coast Guard is the lead response agency for spills in coastal waters and deepwater ports. Whether or not it manages the response, EPA tracks all reports of oil spills. EPA usually learns about a spill from the responsible party, who is required by law to report the spill to the federal government, or from state and local responders. Once the federal government receives the report, either through the National Response Center , EPA, or another agency, it is recorded in the Emergency Response Notification System , or ERNS. ERNS contains historical spill information for the entire country dating from 1986, and is currently available for downloading.

2. What's The Story On Oil Spills? What s the Story on oil spills? When we talk about oil spills, how much oil are we talking about? Quite a lot Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 10,800,000, 9, 108, 430, 797. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/kids/spills.html

For Kids / What's the Story? What's the Story on Oil Spills? When we talk about oil spills, how much oil are we talking about? Quite a lot: The United States uses about 700 million gallons of oil every day. The world uses nearly 3 billion gallons each day. The largest spill in the United States so far was the Exxon Valdez spill into Prince William Sound, Alaska in March 1989. An oil tanker ran aground to cause this spill of almost 11 million gallons of crude oil. While this was a big spill, it was actually only a small fractionless than 2 percentof what the United States uses in 1 day! These big numbers are hard to relate to everyday life, so let's make some comparisons. To better understand how much 11 million gallons of oil is, check the table below. It shows how many familiar rooms or buildings would be filled up by the approximate amount of oil spilled from the Exxon Valdez. For example, that oil would have filled up 9 school gyms or 430 classrooms. Total Volume Gallons Gyms Houses Classrooms Living Rooms Exxon Valdez Oil Spill School Gymnasium (50' * 50' * 65') Average House (40' * 40' * 8') Average Classroom (20' * 20' * 8') Average Living Room (12' *18' * 8') What do we use all this oil for?

3. Oil Program, US EPA Welcome to the homepage of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil Program Center. Oil Program. Where You LiveAbout the Oil ProgramReporting oil spillsPreventing oil spillsPreparing for oil spillsResponding to oil spillsLearning Center. Oil of freshwater oil spills http://www.epa.gov/oilspill

Oil Program Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Oil Program Where You Live About the Oil Program Reporting Oil Spills Preventing Oil Spills ... Learning Center Oil Program Welcome to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil Program. This website provides information about the U.S. EPA's program for preventing, preparing for, and responding to oil spills that occur in and around inland waters of the United States. The Oil Program is administered through EPA headquarters and the 10 EPA Regions. Key Topics NCP Product Schedule and Notebook Facility Response Plans (FRPs) About SPCC SPCC Guides and Survey ... Oil-Related Sites Current Issues EPA Publishes Notice Clarifying Settlement Issues Pertaining to Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) Rule On May 25, 2004, EPA published a notice in the Federal Register (PDF, 59K, 3 pages) that provides information about the partially settled litigation over the SPCC rule. The notice includes clarifications developed by the Agency during the course of the settlement proceedings. As mentioned in the notice, EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) issued a letter to the Petroleum Marketers Association of America (PMAA) (PDF, 35K, 4 pages)

4. ITOPF - Effects Of Marine Oil Spills Effects of Marine oil spills. oil spills can have a serious economic impact on coastal activities and on those who exploit the resources of the sea. http://www.itopf.com/effects.html

Effects of Marine Oil Spil ls Oil spills can have a serious economic impact on coastal activities and on those who exploit the resources of the sea. In most cases such damage is temporary and is caused primarily by the physical properties of oil creating nuisance and hazardous conditions. The impact on marine life is compounded by toxicity and tainting effects resulting from the chemical composition of oil, as well as by the diversity and variability of biological systems and their sensitivity to oil pollution. Impact of oil on coastal activities The effects of a particular oil spill depend upon many factors, not least the properties of the oil. Contamination of coastal amenity areas is a common feature of many spills leading to public disquiet and interference with recreational activities such as bathing, boating, angling and diving. Hotel and restaurant owners, and others who gain their livelihood from the tourist trade can also be affected. The disturbance to coastal areas and to recreational pursuits from a single spill is comparatively short-lived and any effect on tourism is largely a question of restoring public confidence once clean-up is completed. Industries that rely on a clean supply of seawater for their normal operations can be adversely affected by oil spills. If substantial quantities of floating or sub-surface oil are drawn through intakes, contamination of the condenser tubes may result, requiring a reduction in output or total shutdown whilst cleaning is carried out.

5. Ocean Planet: Oil Pollution Offshore oil production can cause ocean oil pollution, from spills and operational discharges exposed to compounds released after oil spills may develop liver disease and http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/peril_oil_pollution.html

The text on this site is presented as an archival version of the script of "Ocean Planet," a 1995 Smithsonian Institution traveling exhibition. The content reflects the state of knowledge at the time of the exhibition, and has not been updated. The information on this buoy is divided into the three categories listed below. Sources Accidents Cleanups When it comes to mixing oil and water, oceans suffer from far more than an occasional devastating spill. Disasters make headlines, but hundreds of millions of gallons of oil quietly end up in the seas every year, mostly from non-accidental sources The graph below shows how many millions of gallons of oil each source puts into the oceans worldwide each year Down the Drain: 363 Million Gallons Used engine oil can end up in waterways. An average oil change uses five quarts; one change can contaminate a million gallons of fresh water. Much oil in runoff from land and municipal and industrial wastes ends up in the oceans. 363 million gallons Road runoff adds up Every year oily road runoff from a city of 5 million could contain as much oil as one large tanker spill Routine Maintenance: 137 Million Gallons Every year, bilge cleaning and other ship operations release millions of gallons of oil into navigable waters, in thousands of discharges of just a few gallons each. 137 million gallons

6. Oil Fate During Oil Spills In The Marine Environment Oil behavior and fate during an oil spill in the sea Highly recommended by the OffshoreEnvironment.com! oil spills in the sea hydrophilic properties used to eliminate oil spills. Emulsifiers http://www.offshore-environment.com/oil.html

Offshore- environment.com Recommend this site to a colleague Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry by Stanislav Patin - a unique summary of world-wide studies on the environmental issues associated with offshore oil and gas exploration and development Learn more ORDER NOW! Highly recommended by the Offshore-Environment.com! Oil spills in the sea by Stanislav Patin , translation by Elena Cascio based on "Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry" Below you will find a short discussion of oil fate and behavior during an oil spill in the sea. Click on the links at the end of the page to find more information on Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Oil spills in the marine environment Fate and behavior of oil in the marine environment Complex processes of oil transformation in the marine environment start developing from the first seconds of oil's contact with seawater. The progression, duration, and result of these transformations depend on the properties and composition of the oil itself, parameters of the actual oil spill, and environmental conditions. The main characteristics of oil transformations are their dynamism, especially at the first stages, and the close interaction of physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms of dispersion and degradation of oil components up to their complete disappearance as original substances. Similar to an intoxicated living organism, a marine ecosystem destroys, metabolizes, and deposits the excessive amounts of hydrocarbons, transforming them into more common and safer substances.

7. Quarles Petroleum Fails To Report Major Oil Spill oil spills and resulting lawsuits are described. Contains information those whose property has been damaged by an incompetent or dishonest oil dealer. http://home.earthlink.net/~caltrop/

Quarles Petroleum Incorporated Repeated Violations of Environmental and Safety Laws in Unreported Oil Spills Secret Payments to Victims Conceal the Facts This Web site describes the wrongful business practices of Quarles Petroleum that have resulted in financial loss, property damage and personal injury to Quarles customers and others. Information is taken from public records of lawsuits, files of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, documents provided by Quarles Petroleum and other sources. Quarles Petroleum has attempted to suppress the publication of this information by threatening litigation against the owner of this site and by offering to pay $15,000 for its removal. Jack Runyon is solely responsible for this site. For more information, feel free to e-mail or call Jack at 703-791-0245. April 23, 2002 Update on the Quarles Petroleum Drunk Driver Spill The Fredericksburg Freelance-Star reports that the Quarles Petroleum drunk driver has been tried, found guilty and sentenced. Quarles has purchased the Culpeper home and torn it down. A short article on the incident also appeared in the Washington Post. Link to the Freelance-Star article.

8. Oil Spills For Kids (title Provided Or Enhanced By Cataloger) oil spills for Kids (title provided or enhanced by cataloger) This site, from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration, contains information for http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/kids/kids.

9. Especially For Kids Help for Report Writers. Need to write a report about oil spills? Here are some resources to help you Information at Other Web Sites. About oil spills. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/kids/kids.html

/ Especially for Kids Especially for Kids Home Page Site Index About Us Oil Spill Aids ... Coastal Chemicals For Kids Image Gallery Available Products Site Search If you're a student who'd like to learn more about oil spills or hazardous chemical accidents, here is information we hope you'll find helpful. The Basics What's the Story on Oil Spills? Here is some general information about oil spills and how they happen. Answers to Your Questions Answers to questions that students, teachers, and other people have asked us. Guided Tours See how NOAA scientists and other experts respond to oil spills and chemical accidents. Mearns Rock It isn't easy to determine whether a particular area of shoreline has recovered from oiling during a spill, or how to expect it to look when it has. This rock was oiled during the Exxon Valdez spill. Here is a sequence of photos of it, taken once each year for the past 9 years. Have the plants and animals living on and around this rock recovered from the Exxon Valdez spill? Experiments and Projects You Can Do Here are some experiments and projects you can do, either at home for fun, as demonstrations to your class, or even as science fair projects.

10. A Study Of Environmental And Health Consequences Of Oil Spills In Nigeria's Nige Investigation by three Nigerian environmental scientists on the impact of continuous oil spills in the Niger Delta, covering human health, air quality, fish health, and agriculture. http://www.waado.org/Environment/PetrolPolution/OilSpills/OilSpillsImpact_TitleP

Urhobo Historical Society OIL SPILLAGE IN NIGERIA'S NIGER DELTA INTEGRATED GRASS ROOT POST-IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS OIL SPILLS IN THE NIGER DELTA JANUARY 1998 - JANUARY 2000 PRIMARY AUTHORS/RESEARCHERS: DR. E. A. AKPOFURE CHIEF M. L. EFERE DR. PROSPER AYAWEI COMPLETE CONTACT ADDRESS: International Association for Impact Assessment Nigeria (IAIA) #13 Ekere Street, Rumuomasi, P. O. Box 5161, T/Amadi, Port Harcourt Nigeria. Tel/Fax: 084-2344622 Email: iaiangphca@linkserve.com PROCEED TO STUDY'S TABLE OF CONTENTS RETURN TO CONTENTS RETURN TO OIL SPILLS PAGE var site="sm9waado"

11. HOW TO CLEANUP OIL SPILLS ON WATER An article on water oil spill cleanup using oleophilized peanut hulls as sorbent. http://oilslickcleanup.com

WATER OIL SPILL CLEANUP USING OLEOPHILIZED PEANUT HULLS AS SORBENT A NEW PERSPECTIVE IN THE FIGHT WITH OIL SPILLS by Horacio Solis DOWNLOAD PDF (3.2 MB)

12. Oil Spill Response Ltd Limited in Singapore are on standby 24 hours a day 365 days per year to provide an immediate global response to oil spills whenever and wherever they occur. http://www.oilspillresponse.com/

OSRL is the world's leading international oil spill response organisation. Our international response centre in Southampton, England and our Alliance partner East Asia Response Limited in Singapore are on standby 24 hours a day 365 days per year to provide an immediate global response to oil spills whenever and wherever they occur. Our own Hercules aircraft allows the mobilisation of personnel and equipment without delay. Our experience in oil spill response enables us to deliver training and consultancy services that are both practical and current. Services include contingency planning, audits, exercises and environmental reviews. Emergency Response Membership Services About Us ... Site Map

13. AB Environmental Provides equipment, services and supplies for organic elimination of oil deposits and oil spills ranging from the small homeowner to large industrial cleanup. http://www.abenvironmental.com/

14. Oil Spill 2004 oil spills are not only expensive to remediate but have negative longterm effects in zones depending on tourism and fishing for their livelihood. http://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2004/oilspill04/

POST CONFERENCE REPORT Oil Spill 2004 Fourth International Conference on Hydrocarbon Spills, Modelling, 28 - 30 April 2004 Alicante, Spain Organised by Wessex Institute of Technology, UK The University of Alicante, Spain OPENING ADDRESS The Fourth International Conference on Hydrocarbon Spills, Modelling, Analysis and Control (Oil Spill) took place recently in Alicante, organised by the Wessex Institute of Technology of the UK and the University of Alicante, with the support of the Caja de Ahorros de Mediterraneo. The Conference Chairmen were Professor Carlos Brebbia from WIT, Prof Yolanda Villacampa and Professor Jose Miguel Saval, from the University of Alicante. Carlos opened the conference by explaining the importance of the topic for the Alicante Region and hoping that the participants would have occasion to discuss these problems with the colleagues from the University during the meeting. The danger of oil pollution in coastal areas such as that around Alicante cannot be overstressed. Oil spills are not only expensive to remediate but have negative long-term effects in zones depending on tourism and fishing for their livelihood. Numerous and frequent oil spills have shown the extent of the damage inflicted on the environment, when a large volume of oil is released over a short period of time and, in particular, the susceptibility of certain environments, such as coastal regions, to these spills. Although oil spills are frequently a major issue at sea and in coastal areas, the conference also addressed topics related to soil and land spills, such as those due to leaks during transportation over land or storage tanks and pipelines. The conference provided an international forum for the discussion of the latest research in this field, as well as the ways in which the most adequate response and emergency measures can be implemented. The topic of remediation and long term biological effects was also discussed during the meeting.

15. National Response Center Intro Page The sole federal point of contact for reporting chemical and oil spills. Home of the Atlantic and Pacific Strike Teams. http://www.nrc.uscg.mil/

16. ENERGY FACTS: OIL SPILLS oil spills. TABLE 1 Oil discharged into the marine environment from maritime transport (millions of tons annually) (35K). Fate of Oil From Spills. TABLE 2 Major oil spills from tankers 1960, 19651989 (69K). oil spills. Of all the different ways in which the industrialized world's use of energy can damage the vivid for many people may be oil spills. On a seemingly regular http://www.iclei.org/efacts/oilspill.htm

OIL SPILLS Of all the different ways in which the industrialized world's use of energy can damage the natural environment, the most vivid for many people may be oil spills. On a seemingly regular basis, our newspapers and television screens are filled with pictures of listing tankers spilling crude oil (also known as petroleum), and oil soaked sea-birds in various stages of death. While these oil spills may be the most publicized (the Exxon Valdez for example), accidental spills from tankers account for only about 20% of the crude oil discharged into the world's oceans each year. The remaining 80% is largely a result of routine oil tanker operations such as emptying ballast tanks (Table 1). There are possible methods of reducing the amount of crude oil released into our oceans each year, but as long as vast amounts of oil are routinely transported by sea, there will be some amount of unavoidable spillage. TABLE 1: Oil discharged into the marine environment from maritime transport (millions of tons annually) (35K). Fate of Oil From Spills Table 2 is a list of some of the major tanker spills which have occurred over the last 30 years. Many people assume that only those oil spills which occur near coastlines cause any damage. These spills do of course, have the largest immediate and economic impacts but although the world's oceans are large, no oil can be spilled without harming local ecosystems. Air and ocean currents can also transport pollutants for thousands of kilometres, therefore oil spills affect more than just isolated locations.

17. Oil Spill 2002 - Conference On Oil & Hydrocarbon Spills Prof Carlos Brebbia, Director of WIT, opened the Meeting by pointing out that recent oil spills have demonstrated the extent of damage that they can inflict on http://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2002/oil02/

Wessex Institute of Technology - Linking Academia with Industry Post Conference Report Conferences Home Oil Spill 2002 17 - 19 September 2002 Rhodes, Greece Bookmark this page! 2005 Conference Information Page Proceedings Information Next meeting Oil Spill 2004 Organised by Wessex Institute of Technology, UK, Sponsored by ASCE UK International Group The third International Conference on Advances in Oil and Hydrocarbon Spills took place recently on the Island of Rhodes, organised by the Wessex Institute of Technology. The Conference dealt with the advances in oil spill modelling, detection, prevention, behaviour, effects, control and clean up measures. It also presented case studies and recent work on remote sensing and risk assessment. Prof Carlos Brebbia, Director of WIT, opened the Meeting by pointing out that recent oil spills have demonstrated the extent of damage that they can inflict on the environment, particularly in coastal areas. The Conference, nevertheless, also addressed problems of soil pollution due to land spills. The Conference was held in parallel with some of the sessions of the WIT Conferences on Coastal Environment and Ports and Marinas. This presented the opportunity to organise a few joint sessions between those meetings. This, in Carlos' opinion, increased the exchange of information among related disciplines and gave an opportunity for making new friends among colleagues from other meetings.

18. Learning For A Better World: Measuring Genuine Progress Normal Productivity counts oil spills, toxic cleanup, even increases in prisons as growth. New Genuine Progress Indicator at this site, reflects truer costs of human activity, and presents a more honest economic model. http://betterworld.com/BWZ/9610/learn.htm

Measuring Genuine Progress by Chris Nelder According to Redefining Progress, a policy research group based in San Francisco, our primary economic indicator, the Gross Domestic Product or GDP, is fundmentally flawed. Blind to what kind of activity it measures, it it reflects all economic activity as "gain." In other words, when the Exxon Valdez spilled oil into Prince William Sound, it showed up on the national books as a good thing. So does the Superfund cleanup debacle, Three Mile Island, crime, divorces, crass commercialism, excessive litigousness, and most other kinds of social and environmental ills. Their findings "reveal that much of what economists now consider economic growth, as measured by GDP, is really one of three things: 1) fixing blunders and social decay from the past; 2) borrowing resources from the future; or 3) shifting functions from the community and household realm to that of the monetized economy." In their Atlantic Monthly cover story (Oct.95) "If the Economy Is Up, Why Is America Down?" they cite some interesting facts:

19. ITOPF Past Spill Statistics Statistics. Since 1974, ITOPF has maintained a database of oil spills from tankers, combined carriers and barges. Table 3 Selected major oil spills. http://www.itopf.com/stats.html

HISTORICAL DATA Statistics Since 1974, ITOPF has maintained a database of oil spills from tankers, combined carriers and barges. This covers all ACCIDENTAL spillages except those resulting from acts of war. Information is gathered from both published sources, such as the shipping press and other specialist publications, and also from vessel owners and their insurers. Not surprisingly, information from published sources generally relates to large spills, often resulting from collisions, groundings, structural damage, fires and explosions, whereas the majority of individual reports relate to small operational spillages. Complete reporting of this latter type of spill is clearly difficult to achieve. It should be noted that the figures for amount of oil spilt in an incident include all oil lost to the environment, including that which is burnt or remains in a sunken vessel. There is considerable annual variation in both the incidence of oil spills and the amounts of oil lost and so the figures in the following tables, and any averages derived from them, should be viewed with caution. Download a formatted copy of the following information ( ITOPF's Oil Tanker Spill Information Pack (338kb) in Adobe Acrobat.

20. Key Solutions Hydrocarbon Spill Management Venezuelan company providing a complete line of products, equipment and services for prevention, control and clean up of oil spills, industrial contamination and environmental protection. Representatives for HiPoint Industries of Canada, producer of Oclansorb, a 100% organic biodegradable oil absorbent. http://ksolutions.com

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