61. American Civil Liberties Union : Round 2 In Ohio School Voucher Fight ohio was the first state in the nation to allow to be used at religiousbased schools, and the the first statewide private and parochial school voucher program http://www.aclu.org/ReligiousLiberty/ReligiousLiberty.cfm?ID=8321&c=140

62. Milton Friedman: The Market Can Transform Our Schools Raise the voucher amount to $7,000—the sum that ohio state and local Voucherbearing students would then be less dependent on low-tuition parochial schools. http://www.hooverdigest.org/024/friedman.html

Hoover Home News Get Involved Search ... Fellows EDUCATION: The Market Can Transform Our Schools Milton Friedman It’s time to bring elementary and secondary education out of the nineteenth century and into the twenty-first. Milton Friedman is a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in economic sciences in 1976. T he recent Supreme Court decision upholding Cleveland’s voucher program has cleared the way for a major expansion of parental school choice. Opponents of choice can no longer use the First Amendment’s religious Establishment Clause to attack voucher programs, now that the Supreme Court has declared the Cleveland program constitutionally acceptable even though most voucher recipients went to parochial schools. Most schools that accept vouchers are religious for a simple reason and one that is easily corrected. That reason is the low value of the voucher. It is not easy, perhaps not possible, to provide a satisfactory education for $2,500 per student. Most private schools spend more than that. But parochial schools are able to accept that low voucher amount because they are subsidized by their churches. Illustrations by Taylor Jones for the Hoover Digest When the GI Bill was enacted, doubts were expressed that the colleges could expand rapidly enough to handle the flood of new students. Yet the number of students enrolled in colleges nearly doubled in the two years after the end of the war. The supply expanded to meet the surge in demand.

63. Alleghany News Online That position was dismissed by the ohio Supreme Court but upheld by the It supports primarily parochial schools, thus providing government funding of religion. http://www.alleghanynews.com/mushroomchronicles/column12.php

114th Year, 7th Issue Thursday, September 26, 2002 Sparta, North Carolina Mushroom Chronicles - Voucher programs offer public systems much-needed competition By Bill Rost As a former resident of Ohio and having two children who attended public schools in three states, I've had an abiding interest in the progress of the suit filed against Ohio's school voucher program. Objection to the program, and the basis of the suit, rests on the claim that the program supports religion in violation of the Constitution. That position was dismissed by the Ohio Supreme Court but upheld by the U.S. District and Appellate Courts. On June 27th, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Appellate decision, ruling that the program was constitutional and could go forward. As I listened to the reports of the decision on cable and network news programs, the objections to the ruling were consistent: It supports primarily parochial schools, thus providing government funding of religion. It will take money from the public school system, already under-funded. There will be no control over the quality of education.

64. ShelbySites - Online Directory Of Shelby County, Ohio Area - Directory Of Area E The ohio State University Extension in Shelby county is a joint project of federal, state parochial/PRIVATE SYSTEMS. CHRISTIAN ACADEMY schools 2151 W. Russell Rd http://www.shelbysites.com/Education.asp

Area Educational Directory Education plays a very important part of life in the Sidney-Shelby County area. Here we list contact information for the our local educational institutions and training centers. We also include web site links where possible. Shelby County contains eight public school districts, two parochial schools, a private school, and a school for students who are mentally retarded and developmentally disabled. Nearly 10,000 students attend school within Shelby County. Shelby County schools offer a progressive and personal education program to meet the varied needs of today's students. Low pupil-teacher ratios and modern facilities make going to school a rewarding, enjoyable experience. The educational philosophy here has never strayed form the old and very basic goal to give young people the skills they need to become productive citizens. Students may be active in theater, music, sports, leadership clubs and academic societies during their school years. Locally sponsored scholarships help send many graduates on to post secondary education institutions.

65. EETAP Ohio 2003 Current revisions of ohio’s academic content standards and model with the Archdiocese of Cincinnati to extend programming opportunities in parochial schools. http://www.eeco-online.org/eetap.html

Identified five target audiences through survey of non-formal EE providers: Urban/Minority/Multi-Cultural, Social Studies, Language Arts, Early Childhood, and High School Build on organizational structure already in place through EECO-Ohio EPA eight-year partnership: 12 education regions ; tradition of collaboration with other regional EE providers to offer workshops for teacher professional development; and a network of 1800 participating school contacts. Each region chose one audience for focus. in Ohio for June, 2004, to target five audiences (five-pointed star) in 12 regions (zodiac constellations). EECO statewide and regional conferences, newsletter and other activities are structured to increase under-served audience content and participation. OEEF is showcasing outstanding grant projects of particular relevance to these 5 audiences, for benchmarking. Urban/Minority/Multicultural Activities Collaboration with Greater Cincinnati Environmental Educators and Cincinnati Public Schools. Offering workshops for after-school care providers within the collaborating network of social service agencies. Collaboration with the Ohio Alliance of Black School Educators, Nature Center at Shaker Lakes, and Cuyahoga Valley Environmental Education Center, to offer professional development for teachers, and identify successful models from their programs.

66. FOXNews.com - Top Stories - Supreme Court Faces Stark Choice In School Voucher C jurisprudence in the area of public funding for parochial schools. Theodore Olson, argues that all schools are on the hallmark of the ohio program, Olson wrote http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,45778,00.html

OAS_AD('Top'); Supreme Court Faces Stark Choice in School Voucher Case Saturday, February 16, 2002 OAS_AD('Middle'); The Court's decision, expected to come this summer, could mark the beginning or the end of a national school voucher program. Civil liberties groups are opposing the six-year-old Cleveland program, which gives parents vouchers that allow them to pull their children from troubled public schools and send the children to another school — with taxpayers paying up to $2,250 per student, per year. In theory, parents could select another public school, a private secular school, or a parochial school. But in the current school year, the program is underwriting tuition for 4,456 students, almost all of whom are attending some kind of religious school. About three-quarters of the students go to Catholic schools. The Court must decide whether the flow of tax dollars to religious schools in the form of vouchers is parallel to the establishment of religion prohibited by the First Amendment. Public educators also oppose the program, saying it takes both money and top students out of the financially troubled public school system.

67. Relocating And Moving To Cleveland Heights, Ohio school, There are also 2 parochial schools, a Baptist for learningdisabled children, and 2 Montessori schools. established the first zoning ordinance in ohio. http://www.drelocation.com/clevelandhtsohio.htm

Ohio State Directories Community Directory Welcome to Cleveland Hts, Ohio Land Area: 8.2 Square miles in Cuyahoga County Population: Population Density: 6,585 people per sq mile. General Characteristics: Variety of housing ranges from Tudor mansions to contemporary split levels and ranches. Exceptional apartment and rental availability. Location: 12 miles east of Public Square, Cleveland. Transportation: Regional Transit Authority (RTA), thirty minutes to Public Square, Cleveland Nearby Access Routes: I-271, I-90. Education: Cleveland Heights - University Heights School District. 10 elementary schools, 3 junior high and 1 senior high school, There are also 2 parochial schools, a Baptist school, Lutheran East High School, the Hebrew Academy, Beaumont School, a school for learning-disabled children, and 2 Montessori Schools. Education Information: Cleveland Heights - University Heights Board of Education, 2155 Miramar Blvd., University Heights, OH 44118 (216) 371-7171 Recreation: Over 135 acres of park land, 5 parks including the Cain Park Theater and summer arts complex, 2 outdoor pools, 18 tennis courts, indoor ice skating rink, Heights Youth Baseball, girls softball, basketball, hockey, summer camps and many recreational opportunities for all ages, country clubs. For Information: City Hal, 40 Severance Circle, Cleveland Heights., OH 44118. 216. 291-4444

68. Relocating And Moving To Independence, Ohio 1984 there were 2 elementary schools, 1 junior high, 1 high school, and 2 parochial schools. population in 1980 was 19,31 1. Over 79% were born in ohio, and 7.4 http://www.drelocation.com/ohio/cuyahogaco/independence.htm

USA Directory Ohio State Directories Welcome to Independence, Ohio Area: 9.4 square miles in Cuyahoga County. City History of Indpendence Fairview Park, located approximately 8 mi. from downtown Cleveland, is bounded on the west by N. Olmsted, on the north by Rocky River, and on the east and south by the Rocky River Reservation of the Metoparks System. It occupies approximately 4.5 sq. mi. and e was originally part of Rockport Twp., organized in 1812. h In 1910, the area south of Center Ridge Rd. separated from Rocky River to form the village of Fairview. Its official incorporation took place in Sept. 1910. There were approximately 35 families and 300 people living in Fairview at that time. In 1948, the name was changed to Fairview Park, and in 1951 the village became a city. The first city charter was adopted in Nov. 1958. At the turn of the century, transportation to Rockport was provided by the interurban Cleveland Southwestern Railway Co., which also served 3 amusement parks, Puritas Springs, Chippewa Lake, and Seccaium Park. As automobiles became more common, many new streets were platted and paved in a street program between 1927-30. With the demise of the inter- urban in 1931, the N. Olmsted municipal bus line began to serve Fairview. Fairview's main street, called at different Population: Population Density: 724 people per square mile.

69. FACTS: Cost-Based Tuition / Need-Based Tuition Aid and quality education program are essential to the success of a parochial school. ago in my work as a Superintendent for Catholic schools in Dayton, ohio. http://www2.factsmgt.com/costbased/

FACTS Management. Contact Us for Information The key to financial stability in your parochial school "A faith-based educational philosophy and quality education program are essential to the success of a parochial school. Together they form the strands that are woven together to form the fabric of your mission statement. However, a commitment to quality faith-based education and strong academics are not sufficient to guarantee a completely successful program. Quality education must be accompanied by sound financial management. I discovered this several years ago in my work as a Superintendent for Catholic Schools in Dayton, Ohio. That's why I developed the cost-based tuition and need-based tuition aid concept in the early 90's. Since that time, I've shared the philosophy with hundreds of schools across the country through articles, phone calls, workshops, videos, and the Web. Thank you for your interest in the concept. I hope the materials in this Web site are of benefit to you."

70. ORTHODOX UNION ACCEPTS OHIO SUPREME COURT SCHOOL VOUCHER DECISION; SAYS GOOD NEW address the technical issues raised by the court under ohio s constitution and to educate their kids whether in public, private or parochial schools - is not http://www.ou.org/public/statements/1999/nate12.htm

Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America Institute for Public Affairs Main Office: 333 Seventh Ave. New York, NY 10001 Phone: 212-613-8124 Fax: 212-564-9058 E-mail: ipa@ou.org Washington Office: 1640 Rhode Island Ave NW Washington, DC 20036 Phone: 202-857-2770 Fax: 202-331-9161 E-mail: ipadc@ou.org Prof. Richard Stone Chairman Nathan Diament Director Betty Ehrenberg More From The OU/IPA OU IPA About The OU IPA Press Statements Int'l Briefs Summer Internships Community Concerns Israeli MIA's Create a Local IPA Action Network OU.ORG Site Map OU IPA Election Central OU Public Relations Jewish Lawyer What's New? May 27, 1999 ORTHODOX UNION ACCEPTS OHIO SUPREME COURT SCHOOL VOUCHER DECISION; SAYS GOOD NEWS OUTWEIGHS BAD Today, the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America, through its Institute for Public Affairs, accepted a long awaited opinion by the Ohio Supreme Court on Cleveland's school voucher program. The state's highest court ruled that the program does not violate the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment, but did invalidate the program under technical provisions of the Ohio Constitution that require legislative bills to contain only a single subject matter. The UOJCA had filed a friend of the court brief in support of the Pilot Scholarship Program.

71. Podium If a parochial school were to take such an action and students to help develop grassroots schools initiatives that for Democracy in Education at ohio University http://www.ohiou.edu/perspectives/9901/podium3.htm

Introduction Essay by Douglas Adie Putting Voucher to the Test by Jaylynne Hutchinson T he issues involved in proposals for educational vouchers are complex and sometimes contradictory. For purposes of this dialogue, we will look at only one aspect of the debate: whether public monies should be used to support private religious school in the name of parental choice. Recently, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that using vouchers in this manner did not violate the separation of church and state. Falling back upon a narrow interpretation of the First Amendment's prohibition against the state "establishment of religion," the court ruled that vouchers could be used for parochial schools if the funds were distributed with "neutral, secular criteria that neither favor nor disfavor religion." Such a ruling is dangerous and controversial. While the court made this a procedural point, it did not address the substantive implications of its ruling. most of us do not address the substantive implications of its ruling. Most of us do not worry about children attending Catholic schools or Jewish schools, for example. Many are successful models of education. Our comfort with these private choices should not be taken as our assent that public monies should be used to fund a religiously based school. We allow parents the freedom to send their children to private parochial schools because they are not asking to use our money to do so. Using monies collected from citizens of a variety of religious or non religious stripes is a different question.

72. Catholic Culture : Document Library : Catholic Parochial School Music In a recent survey of some thirteen parochial elementary schools in the Dayton, ohio, metropolitan area, students in the seventh and eighth grades were http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=3557

73. Charter Schools The principal sponsor of the legislation is from Toledo, and she is a vocal if not boisterous booster of parochial schools. ohio s last governor, George http://www.tft250.org/charter_schools.htm

Stacking the deck for charter schools For those who see charter schools as a prescription for ailing city schools, Ohio's charter law should set off alarm bells. The theory behind charters is that private competition will encourage public schools to improve. Let the marketplace drive inefficient or unsuccessful schools out of business. The theory presumes a reasonably fair playing field. In Ohio, the field is lopsided. Ohio's charter law stacks the deck. If the Ohio school market rules were applied to the private sector, this is how it would work. You, the consumer, have an American-made car and the government says it will give you $4,500 towards the purchase of your next car, but only if it is a foreign model. The $4,500 must be paid by the U.S. company that sold you your current car. By offering incentives to the competition, domestic manufacturers will be motivated to build better cars. At least that's what the government claims. You can hear the screams now. What kind of competition is that? Were these rules designed to spur competition, or kill off our own manufacturers? But wait, it gets worse. Foreign manufacturers turn in claims to the government contending that a number of the cars they sell qualify for the stipend, simply because they say that the purchasers previously owned U.S. autos. Domestic companies, however, have no record of having sold the previous car and complain that the $4,500 stipend should not be paid by them. The government accepts the claims of foreign manufacturers anyway because it has no auditing procedures in place and no real enforcement ability, and even less enthusiasm for checking who is eligible and who is not.

74. CNN.com - Supreme Court Affirms School Voucher Program - June 27, 2002 undertaking by the State of ohio to provide taxpayer money to underwrite private or parochial school tuition students a choice between good and failing schools. http://www.cnn.com/2002/LAW/06/27/scotus.school.vouchers/

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 dictionary Supreme Court affirms school voucher program From Terry Frieden CNN WASHINGTON (CNN) In what President Bush hailed as a "landmark ruling" and a victory for the American family, the Supreme Court Thursday ruled that a school voucher program in Cleveland does not infringe upon the constitutional separation of church and state. In a 5-4 ruling, the Supreme Court said the school voucher program does not constitute the establishment of religion. The much-anticipated ruling on the pilot project involving inner-city Cleveland schools came on the final day of the Supreme Court term, which began in October. The ruling reverses an appeals court decision, which struck down the program because nearly all the families receiving the tax-supported state tuition scholarships attend Catholic schools in Cleveland. But the Supreme Court majority said the parents have a sufficient range of choices among secular and religious schools that Ohio's voucher plan does not violate the First Amendment prohibition against the establishment of religion.

75. FindLaw's Writ - Hamilton: Vouchers, Religious Schools, And The Establishment Cl There, the government loaned computers to parochial schools. ohio s voucher scheme, then, is very likely to trouble Justice O Connor — for, as argued above http://writ.news.findlaw.com/hamilton/20011122.html

FindLaw Legal Professionals Students Business ... MY FindLaw top(document.URL); Legal News Entertainment Sports Newsletters ... Lawyer Search State AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY AS GU MP PR VI Select a Practice Area Administrative Law Adoption Agriculture Law Alternative Dispute Resolution Aviation Bankruptcy Law Business Organizations Child Support Civil Rights Constitutional Law Construction Law Consumer Protection Contracts Criminal Law Criminal Law Federal Debtor/Creditor Discrimination Divorce DUI/DWI Education Law Elder Law Eminent Domain Employment Law Employee Employment Law Employer Energy Law Environmental Law Estate Planning Family Law Franchising Gaming Law Government Contracts Insurance Law Intellectual Property Law International Law Internet Cyberspace Labor Law Landlord/Tenant Legal Malpractice Lemon Law Medical Malpractice Law Military Law Motor Vehicle Accidents Plaintiff Native Peoples Law Natural Resources Law Nursing Home Patents Personal Injury Defense Personal Injury Plaintiff Products Liability Law Professional Malpractice Law Real Estate Law Securities Law Sexual Harassment Social Security Disability Taxation Law Toxic Torts Trademarks Traffic Violations Transportation Law Trusts Wills Workers' Compensation Law Writ: Commentary Search Writ Front Page Forums Enron Tribunals Terrorism 2000 Elections Archives Columnists Guest Columnists Law Students Book Reviews ... Email This VOUCHERS, RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE:

76. Key Case In Future Of School Choice | Csmonitor.com how vouchers can transform parochial and public schools. By Gail Russell Chaddock Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor. CLEVELAND, ohio Even if it http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0219/p01s02-usju.html

WORLD USA COMMENTARY LEARNING ... Text Edition Search: Domestic Politics Economy Foreign Policy Justice ... Military Also see: Iraq in Transition Living Monitor Breakfast Excerpts from discussions between reporters and Washington newsmakers. USA Stories: for 06/11/2004 The rise of mourning in America Global interest rates up as inflation looms Even as economy recovers, undecideds tilt toward Kerry The newest prison contraband: cellphones ... more projects... Most-viewed stories: (for 06/09/04) Antidote to 'Iraq is Vietnam' What UN resolution on Iraq will accomplish For Bush, a good week Democrats strike back on faith issue ... Justice from the February 19, 2002 edition SCHOOL HALLS: Students mingle at Cleveland's St. Vitus, a parochial school where 3 out of 4 students have publicly subsidized vouchers. The Supreme Court will consider the constitutionality of the Cleveland voucher program today. STEPHEN R. CUTRI/SPECIAL TO THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR Key case in future of school choice Cleveland - the Supreme Court's focus tomorrow - shows how vouchers can transform parochial and public schools. By Gail Russell Chaddock CLEVELAND, OHIO

77. Supreme Court To Rule On School Vouchers Case - 09/25/01 give parents a real choice, they say, and allow them to transfer their children to nearby private and parochial schools. In 1995, the ohio Legislature began http://www.detnews.com/2001/schools/0109/25/politics-303348.htm

@import url(/includes/css/enhanced.css); var letteradress = "feedback" Tuesday, September 25, 2001 Homepage Search CyberSurveys Ask the Expert News Talk Sports Talk Lions Talk Tiger Talk Wings Talk Car Talk Tech Talk Horoscope Hot Sites Lottery Weather ... Autos Joyrides Business Careers Census Columnists ... Metro / State Livingston Macomb Oakland Wayne On Detroit Nation / World Obituaries Politics / Govt. Real Estate ... Technology Lions/NFL Pistons/NBA Red Wings/NHL Shock/WNBA Tigers/Baseball MSU U-M Golf Guide High Schools Motor Sports Outdoors ... Homestyle home Decorating Food Gardening Home Improvement Home Life Home Tech Wine Report Sports Red Wings Lions Autos ... History The Detroit News. Use of this site indicates your agreement to the Terms of Service (updated 08/09/2001). Supreme Court to rule on school vouchers case By David G. Savage / Los Angeles Times Voucher case In a case that may shape the future of school reform, the Supreme Court will decide whether taxpayer money can be used to pay for children to attend religious schools. What's your opinion? Comment on this story Send this story to a friend Get Home Delivery

78. Diocese Of Fort Wayne--History From The 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia 40 parochial schools, and a Catholic population estimated at 50,000. The Rev. Joseph Dwenger was then appointed to the see. he was born near Minster, ohio, in http://www.ipfw.edu/ipfwhist/cathchur/diocese.htm

Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne Diocese of Fort Wayne (Wayne Castrensis) The Right Rev. Joseph Rademacher, Bishop of Nashville, Tennessee, was transferred to Fort Wayne, 13 July, 1893. He was born 3 December 1840, in Westphalia, Michigan, and ordained priest 2 August, 1863 by Bishop Luers, to whose diocese he had been affiliated. In April, 1883, he was appointed Bishop of Nashville, Tennessee, and was consecrated 24 June. At Fort Wayne Bishop Rademacher applied himself assiduously to increase the number of churches, schools, and missions. In 1896 he remodelled the cathedral at an expense of $75,000. In 1898 his health gave way. Symptoms of mental collapse appeared and he had to relinquish the government of the diocese. He expired peacefully 12 January, 1900. During his illness and until the appointment of a successor, Very Rev. J.H. Guendling, vicar-general and pastor of the cathedral, was administrator of the diocese. ALERDING, The Diocese of Fort Wayne (Fort Wayne, 1907);

79. Baptist Joint Comittee doesn’t establish religion, because parents exercised free choice in using the vouchers to send their children to parochial schools. “The ohio program is http://www.bjcpa.org/Pages/News/2002news/07.02voucherruling.html

About the BJC Mission Supporting Bodies Staff ... Home Baptist Joint Committee 200 Maryland Avenue, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002 202-544-4226 Supreme Court upholds Ohio voucher scheme Voucher opponents argued that including religious schools in the program violated the separation of church and state. Others, however, said the decision would undermine religious freedom. Souter said many low-income families would be coerced to choose a religious school with which they might disagree over a secular private school that they cannot afford. Under the Ohio law upheld by a majority of justices, Souter said Christian schools that refused to hire Muslim or Hindu teachers could be sued. The majority dismissed that concern, however, noting that no religious discord has occurred in the five years the Cleveland program has been in place. Associated Baptist Press July 2, 2002

80. Genealogy And Local History In Union County, Ohio - Pictures, Postcards, Etc. - Genealogy and Local History in Union County, ohio Pictures, Postcards, etc. German Lutheran parochial schools, Marysville, O. Home http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohunion/ppc/mabuls.html

Genealogy and Local History in Union County, Ohio Pictures, Postcards, etc. German Lutheran Parochial Schools, Marysville, O. Home Back Image Related Pages Image German Lutheran Parochial Schools, Marysville, O. Source: German Lutheran Parochial Schools, Marysville, O Related Pages Genealogy and Local History in Union County, Ohio Genealogy and Local History in Union County, Ohio - Pictures, Postcards, etc. Compiled and maintained by Robert V. Bremer Hosted by Rootsweb

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