21. Linköpings Universitet: Religionsvetenskap Ernest, Some Proverbs of the nyanja People , African Studies advent of Christianity among the (maravi), no proper and immoral elements in the indigenous culture. http://www.liu.se/irk/religion/unima/biblio.htm

Student Alumni Samverkan Internt Institutionen för religion och kultur IRK religion unima - biblio Presentation Utbildning Lärarutbildningskurser Forskning ... Länkar Religion in Malawi: An Annotated Bibliography edited by J C Chakanza and Kenneth R Ross Kachere Text No 7, 1998 (About printed copies) Contents African Traditional Religion Territorial/Rain Cults Rites of Passage Health and Healing, Witchcraft and Witchfinding ... List of Journals held by Theological Institutions in Malawi Index of Authors 1. African Traditional Religion A Short List of Bantu Names for God, The African Way of Life Club, Kache bere Major Seminary, 1969, 9pp. Lists 36 different names for God used in Central Africa and offers a brief explanation of their re spective meanings. KI Abdallah, Yohanna B., The Yaos: Chiikala cha Wayao, ed. and trans. M. Sanderson, Zomba: Government Press, 1919; 2nd ed., London: Frank Cass, 1973, 136pp. A classic early study of Yao life, including oral tes timonies in both English and Yao. DT 864 ABD Boeder, Robert B., Silent Majority: A History of the Lomwe, Pretoria: Africa Institute, 1984, 84pp. Describes the origins of the Lomwe, where they are found in Malawi, their beliefs, customs and traditions. Notes how these customs influenced the Lomwe's understanding of Christian ity in the early days. MAL DT 864 BOE UOM-CCL

22. AFRICAN THEOLOGY AND THE African Initiatives in Christianity the growth, gifts and diversities of indigenous African churches Cluster 15 (maravi) Group, nyanja 16s, 36e=Malawi, S, Np, Np. http://www3.sympatico.ca/ian.ritchie/AFRWOMEN.html

AFRICAN THEOLOGY AND THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN AFRICA [a work in progress] Presented to the Canadian Theological Society May 25, 2001 by Ian D. Ritchie, Ph.D. St. John's Anglican Church, 41 Church St., Kingston, ON., K7M 1H2 The paper assesses the role played by African theologians in advancing the status of women in Africa. The perception (common in western church circles) of the African church as a bastion of conservatism and patriarchy will be examined critically. Starting with a brief overview of gender in precolonial Africa, moving to an analysis of the influence of mission Christianity and the African Initiated Churches, the paper concludes with an evaluation of the influence of African theologians. The conclusion that Christianity may be moving African women towards equality more rapidly than in western societies speaks of a positive relationship between academic theology, church and society.[ An earlier version of this article formed a chapter of the author's 1993 doctoral dissertation, African Theology and Social Change.

23. 1. Chiume, M.W.K. - Kwacha: An Autobiography, (East African Publishing House, Na and Central Regions, the Ngoni and nyanja in the which is a modern derivation of (maravi) which means are served by branches of two indigenous supermarket chains http://www.sdnp.org.mw/undp/Mlwinfo/living/condt.html

The UN System Other development partners The European Union maintains a delegation in Malawi to coordinate the substantial amount of aid provided by the EDF. In addition, there are several countries providing bilateral aid, notably the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, Japan, and the Republic of China (all with resident missions) and Australia, Canada, France, Norway, Sweden and Finland (non residential). Several non-governmental aid organisations (for example, Save the Children, The Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief, World Vision, Plan International, The Christian Service Committee and the Africa Muslim Agency) give assistance to Malawi mainly in the fields of education and health. Religious missions have made significant contributions, particularly in these two sectors, since the initiation of the first Livingstonia Mission in 1875. Physical features Lilongwe : (Altitude - 3,500 ft). The main city in the Central Region has been Malawi's capital since January 1975. The population was 234,000 according to the 1987 Census and is currently estimated at 500,000. Lilongwe is centrally located in an agriculturally productive area, lying in the hub of communication arteries, criss-crossed by the north-south and east-west roads as well as the Mchinji-Blantyre railway and the Lilongwe International Airport. The Zambian border is 100 kms from Lilongwe and within easy reach by a modern highway. Blantyre : (Altitude 3,400 ft). The main city in the Southern Region is Malawi's chief commercial and industrial centre. Founded by missionaries in 1876, it has been associated with tea growing and tobacco processing since 1908. Served by a railhead in Limbe, 8 kms away, Blantyre became a distribution point for the rest of Malawi. Limbe and Blantyre were amalgamated in 1956 and in 1966 Blantyre was granted a City Charter. It is Malawi's most populous city with an estimated population of 750,000 which has increased from 332,000 at the time of the 1987 Census. Blantyre is served by Chileka International Airport and a railway line to the ports of Beira and Nacala in Mozambique. The national road network connects Blantyre to all cities and towns of Malawi. The Mozambican border is 100 kms from Blantyre and the Blantyre-Mwanza-Tete-Harare highway provides easy access to Mozambique, Zimbabwe and on to South Africa.

24. The Zambesi Expedition By David Livingstone- Chapter 6 the Ruo lies the Elephant marsh, or nyanja Mukulu, which that fringe the highlands of the (maravi) country The tonje cadja, or indigenous cotton, is of shorter http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/travel/zambesi/cha

THE ZAMBESI EXPEDITION By David Livingstone Project Gutenberg File Converted into HTML pages by Nalanda Digital Library under Etext Conversion Project (ECP) CHAPTER III. The Steamer in difficultiesElephant huntingArrival at Chibisa's Search for Lake NyassaThe Manganja countryWeavers and smelters Lake Pamalombe. The wretched little steamer could not carry all the hands we needed; so, to lighten her, we put some into the boats and towed them astern. In the dark, one of the boats was capsized; but all in it, except one poor fellow who could not swim, were picked up. His loss threw a gloom over us all, and added to the chagrin we often felt at having been so ill-served in our sorry craft. Next day we arrived at the village of Mboma (16 degrees 56 minutes 30 seconds S.), where the people raised large quantities of rice, and were eager traders; the rice was sold at wonderfully low rates, and we could not purchase a tithe of the food brought for sale. A range of hills, commencing opposite Senna, comes to within two or three miles of Mboma village, and then runs in a north-westerly direction; the principal hill is named Malawe; a number of villages stand on its tree-covered sides, and coal is found cropping out in the rocks. The country improves as we ascend, the rich valley becoming less swampy, and adorned with a number of trees. "She is leaking worse than ever forward, sir, and there is a foot of water in the hold," was our first salutation on the morning of the 20th. But we have become accustomed to these things now; the cabin- floor is always wet, and one is obliged to mop up the water many times a day, giving some countenance to the native idea that Englishmen live in or on the water, and have no houses but ships. The cabin is now a favourite breeding-place for mosquitoes, and we have to support both the ship-bred and shore-bred bloodsuckers, of which several species show us their irritating attentions. A large brown sort, called by the Portuguese mansos (tame), flies straight to its victim, and goes to work at once, as though it were an invited guest. Some of the small kinds carry uncommonly sharp lancets, and very potent poison. "What would these insects eat, if we did not pass this way?" becomes a natural question.

25. A Popular Account Of Dr. Livingstone's Expedition To The Zambesi And Its Tributa Ruo lies the Elephant marsh, or nyanja Mukulu, which that fringe the highlands of the (maravi) country The “tonje cadja,” or indigenous cotton, is of shorter http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/l/livingstone_d/zambesi/chapter3.html

David Livingstone A Popular Account of Dr. Livingstone's Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries CHAPTER III. The wretched little steamer could not carry all the hands we needed; so, to lighten her, we put some into the boats and towed them astern. In the dark, one of the boats was capsized; but all in it, except one poor fellow who could not swim, were picked up. His loss threw a gloom over us all, and added to the chagrin we often felt at having been so ill-served in our sorry craft. Next day we arrived at the village of Mboma (16 degrees 56 minutes 30 seconds S.), where the people raised large quantities of rice, and were eager traders; the rice was sold at wonderfully low rates, and we could not purchase a tithe of the food brought for sale. A range of hills, commencing opposite Senna, comes to within two or three miles of Mboma village, and then runs in a north-westerly direction; the principal hill is named Malawe; a number of villages stand on its tree-covered sides, and coal is found cropping out in the rocks. The country improves as we ascend, the rich valley becoming less swampy, and adorned with a number of trees. Towards evening, hundreds of pretty little hawks (Erythropus vespertinus) are seen flying in a southerly direction, and feeding on dragon-flies and locusts. They come, apparently, from resting on the palm-trees during the heat of the day. Flocks of scissor-bills (Rhyncops) are then also on the wing, and in search of food, ploughing the water with their lower mandibles, which are nearly half an inch longer than the upper ones.

26. World Congress On Language Policies do with the fact that the (maravi) people who settled were named after the lake, nyanja (lake), otherwise of English, Chichewa, and other indigenous languages is http://www.linguapax.org/congres/taller/taller1/Matiki.html

LANGUAGE PLANNING AND LINGUISTIC EXCLUSION IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS IN MALAWI Alfred J. Matiki, PhD University of Malawi Introduction This paper examines the dynamic functioning of linguistic diversity in Malawi from a language planning perspective. It explores how the asymmetrical and competitive coexistence of English and indigenous languages in the secondary domains of national life has adjusted to current sociopolitical and sociocultural realities. More specifically it examines the efficacy of introducing indigenous languages, particularly the national lingua franca Chinyanja, into the legislative assembly. The State of Language Planning in Post-colonial Malawi The census also showed that 0.006% of the population used English as a home language while 4.9% understood it. Only 22.5% of the population understood only an indigenous language other than Chichewa, and 0.9% understood English and another language but not Chichewa. As Stubbs (1972:72) notes, when Malawi won its independence from Britain in 1964 and attained its republican status in 1966, "slightly over one in five of the population aged 5 and over were unable to understand either of the languages in which information was diffused and administration and business conducted." In spite of this realization, the new government adopted the colonial language policy with the only exception that Chichewa was given a new status and a prominent position in the policy.

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