81. Sofia: Institute For Nuclear Research & Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy Of Sci recommended by the IAEA for nuclear power engineering code are in VITAMINJ energystructure in Two benchmarks important for fusion application correspond to http://epub.iaea.org/fusion/public/ws97/node34.html

Next: CANADA Up: BULGARIA Previous: BULGARIA BULGARIA - ECFBAN INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH AND NUCLEAR ENERGY BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Boulevard Tsarigradsko shosse 72, Sofia Telephone: +359 2 758032, 74311 Telefax: +359 2 975 3619 E-mail: krilieva@inrne.acad.bg jordanaj@phys.acad.bg Director: Stamenov, Yordan Prof. Neutron and Reactor Physics Sector Janeva, Natalia (Head of Sector) Neutron Transport Group Ilieva, Krassimira D. (Head of Group) Belousov, Sergei I. (Head of the Research Contract) Antonov, Stoyan Y. (Theory) Popova, Irina, I. Neutron Generator SAMES Group Jordanova, Jordana (Head of the Research Contract) Penchev, Orlin Drenska, Miroluba Trifinov, Alexander Research activities: Benchmarks on Neutron Leakage from Iron and Beryllium Slabs and Spheres Neutron Transport Group - S. Belousov, K. Ilieva, I. Popova, S. Antonov: Integral benchmark test of neutron data using 14 MeV neutrons Neutron Generator SAMES Group: J. Jordanova, O. Penchev, M. Drenska, A.Trifinov Neutron leakage spectra through beryllium, lead and copper slabs with different thickness have been experimentally obtained using proton recoil spectrometer. Reaction rates of threshold activation detectors in copper slabs have been measured. The results have been analysed employing MCNP-4A code and point-wise cross sections from LASL and FENDL data files to calculate the spectra and IRDF-90 dosimetry file to estimate the reaction rates. Next: CANADA Up: BULGARIA Previous: BULGARIA Nuclear Fusion February 1998

82. What Is The Difference Between Nuclear Fusion And Cold Fusion? Asked by Robert Hernandez Answer nuclear fusion can produce energy when thenuclei of lighter elements come together (fuse), creating larger nuclei. http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae330.cfm

Not a member yet? Get Free Membership Username: Password: Remember me Forgot your login? Ask the Experts Physics ... Become a Sponsor Question What is the difference between nuclear fusion and cold fusion? Asked by: Robert Hernandez Answer Nuclear fusion can produce energy when the nuclei of lighter elements come together (fuse), creating larger nuclei. Energy is liberated when the total mass of the end products is slightly less than the mass of the lighter nuclei going into the process, with that difference in mass being converted to energy via Einstein's famous E=mc relationship. Because the protons in nuclei are all positively charged, and like charges repel, nuclei need some convincing to get them to fuse. That convincing ordinarily involves high temperature and pressure, such as exists at the core of a star or under conditions created by a fission bomb. Cold fusion is an attempt to get fusion to occur under less extreme conditions, possibly as a result of chemical reactions. Despite the flurry of publicity several years ago, cold fusion remains unrealized speculation for now. Answered by: Paul Walorski, B.A. Physics, Part-time Physics Instructor

83. Psci-com: A Gateway To The Public Understanding Of Science nontechnical audience. There are links to other nuclear energy andenvironmental sites. UKAEA fusion. The EURATOM/UKAEA fusion http://psci-com.ac.uk/browse/detail/78dad6b943904168e84dad2859da1b62.html

text only Nuclear energy [ back to keyword index Institute for Energy and Environmental Research "The Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (IEER) is dedicated to increasing public involvement in and control over environmental problems through the democratization of science." It provides the public with understandable and accurate scientific and technical information on energy and environmental issues, particularly energy, climate change and the nuclear industry. The site contains newsletters, factsheets and a range of technical reports suitable for the lay person. There is an online "Technical Training Classroom" designed to teach a non-technical audience. There are links to other nuclear energy and environmental sites. Nuclear energy Environmental sciences Climatic changes UKAEA Fusion "The EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association is working at the Culham Science Centre, in Oxfordshire, U.K., towards the realisation of Fusion Power." This website contains many educational resources explaining the science and future of nuclear fusion in layman's terms, complete with animated graphics and paper models to download. There are links to more technical reports and research papers, and summaries of the work being carried out at the Culham site. The website also contains a glossary of fusion terms and an events diary, together with links to the web pages of other fusion research establishments around the world. The site if fully-searchable and updated regularly. Nuclear fusion Nuclear energy Thu Jun 10 20:56:45 BST 2004

84. Magnetic Fusion : Sources Of Energy 25 tonnes of enriched Ur at 4%. 6 energy from fusion. fusion is quiteanother form of nuclear energy. It includes all the advantages http://www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/gb/energies/energie03.htm

Sources of energy Nuclear power The safety issue in nuclear installations came to a head around the Chernobyl accident, where the Ukrainian power station is of a rather particular type (for further information: site of the ). Nevertheless, a nuclear reactor is the energy production installation with the lowest environmental impact . One of the special features of nuclear power is that right from the start, this energy industry has looked seriously into the question of its waste. It must be remembered that quantity is limited and there is no leakage at the source. Management of low and average waste is well controlled at an industrial level. The future of long-lasting and highly activated waste is under study in the framework of the law passed in 1991 (Bataille law). This work is divided up into three parts : transmutation of long-lasting isotopes, burial of waste and long-term safe storage. The use of nuclear energy enables France to be among the industrial nations with the lowest emissions of CO2 per unit of energy produced : Sweden France Germany Denmark UE US Emission of CO2 per unit of energy produced in ( t.CO2/tep)

85. World Nuclear Association | Information | Nuclear Fusion Power In contact with air or water lithium burns spontaneously and could release manytimes that amount of energy. Safety of nuclear fusion is a major issue. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf66.htm

Search Feedback Glossary Calculator ... WNA Home WNA Publications are updated regularly to serve as a comprehensive and reliable resource. The WNA can vouch for and support anything it publishes, and unreservedly offers to correct promptly anything that is shown as wrong or misleading. News Nuclear Intro Info Briefs Articles/Opinion ... Conferences INFORMATION AND ISSUE BRIEFS Contents Nuclear Power for Electricity Radioactive Wastes Other Aspects of Fuel Cycle Plant Safety ... WNA home Nuclear Fusion Power February 2003 Fusion power offers the prospect of an almost inexhaustible source of energy for future generations, but it also presents so far insurmountable scientific and engineering challenges. The main hope is centred on tokamak reactors which confine a deuterium-tritium plasma magnetically.

86. Universe Today Forums -> Nuclear Fusion Energy Universe Today Forums nuclear fusion energy. nuclearfusion energy, Will it ever work? http://www.universetoday.com/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=10&t=3322&hl=&

87. The EnviroLink Network - Nuclear Energy Displaying 1 4 of 4 resources in nuclear energy and Government Resources 1.fusion System Studies USA The Los Alamos system studies effort in fusion http://www.envirolink.org/topics.html?topic=Nuclear Energy&topicsku=200211619153

88. Astronomy HyperText Book: Fusion Sequences In Stars All stars derive their energy through the thermonuclear fusion of light elements in to heavy elements. High temperatures are required so that the mutual electrostatic repulsion of the protons in each http://zebu.uoregon.edu/textbook/energygen.html

All stars derive their energy through the thermonuclear fusion of light elements in to heavy elements. High temperatures are required so that the mutual electrostatic repulsion of the protons in each fusing atomic nucleus is overcome. This requires a high velocity collsion which can only be achieved under conditions of high temperature. The minimum temperature require for the fusion of Hydgrogen is 5 million degrees. Elements with more protons in their nuclei require higher temperatures. For instance, to fuse Carbon requires a temperature of about 1 billion degrees. This sequence is now shown in the animation below. Refer to the legend below for all the animations: Hydrogen To Helium via the Proton-Proton Chain: First Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration Second Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration ... Narration Hydrogen to Helium via the CNO cycle The Whole CNO Cycle Narration Helium to Carbon: Helium To Carbon Fusion Narration The Electronic Universe Project e-mail: nuts@moo.uoregon.edu

89. General Atomics Fusion Group Educational Home Page General Atomics fusion Group Educational Home Page This site is a collection of educational resources on fusion. Both naturally occuring fusion and fusion as an energy source are included. http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://fusioned.gat.com/&y=0249605554B3436F

90. Fusion Energy Education Site Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), operated by the Universityof California for the US Dept. of energy. Princeton of energy. This http://fusedweb.pppl.gov/

Home Page FusEdWeb Features: 9 Ways to Learn About Fusion Energy (This site will look better if you obtain a frames-capable Web browser.) Search FusEdWeb This Page Last Revised 22-Aug-00. Contact: Robert Heeter, heeter1@llnl.gov Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) operated by the University of California for the U.S. Dept. of Energy Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) operated by Princeton University for the U.S. Dept. of Energy This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.

91. CPEP Fusion Web Site source. For other CPEP copyright permissions, email fusion@cpepweb.org.Search FusEdWeb. This Page Last Revised 18Dec-00. Dept. of energy. http://fusedweb.pppl.gov/CPEP/Chart.html

Welcome to the CPEP Fusion Site! CPEP Fusion Site Menu (This page would look much better if you had a frames-capable Web browser.) http://FusEdWeb.llnl.gov/CPEP/ fusion@cpepweb.org Search FusEdWeb This Page Last Revised 18-Dec-00. Contact: Robert Heeter, heeter1@llnl.gov Send Comments and Questions Here Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) operated by the University of California for the U.S. Dept. of Energy Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) operated by Princeton University for the U.S. Dept. of Energy This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.

92. ITER Home Page The European Union, Japan, and Russia are jointly preparing the next step in fusion energy research and development through participation in the http://www.iter.org/

here to continue.

93. Fusion Power - Fusion Research At UKAEA Culham research. Explaining the technical terms used in fusion energy research.Benefits to industry of invlovement in the fusion programme. http://www.fusion.org.uk/

Website of the EURATOM UKAEA Fusion Association, at the Culham Science Centre, home of the UK fusion research programme funded jointly by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and by EURATOM A simple guide to what Fusion Power is all about, why we need it, and how we hope to achieve it. Reports on the research at Culham. JET The world's largest tokamak, operated by UKAEA on behalf of Europe. MAST The Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak. Now with regular News Bulletin Diary of forthcoming meetings and conferences world-wide. Have a question about fusion power? Send it to us and we will try to answer. See our replies to frequent questions. The 41st Culham Plasma Physics Summer School, 19 - 30 July 2004. Some on-line technical papers on UKAEA Fusion research topics, with full search facility. Article about the Spherical Tokamak concept (with interactive ST power plant feature). See also: START History and achievements of Culham's highly successful pioneering ST experiment.

94. Basic Nuclear Science Information universe. In fact, nuclear fusion reactions are responsible for theenergy output of most stars, including our own Sun. Scientists http://www.lbl.gov/abc/Basic.html

ABC's of Nuclear Science Nuclear Structure Radioactivity Alpha Decay Beta Decay ... Antimatter Nuclear Structure An atom consists of an extremely small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons . Although typically the nucleus is less than one ten-thousandth the size of the atom, the nucleus contains more that 99.9% of the mass of the atom! Nuclei consist of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons held together by the so-called strong or nuclear force. This force is much stronger than the familiar electrostatic force that binds the electrons to the nucleus, but its range is limited to distances on the order of a few x10 meters. The number of protons in the nucleus, Z, is called the atomic number . This determines what chemical element the atom is. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is denoted by N . The atomic mass of the nucleus, A, is equal to Z + N . A given element can have many different isotopes, which differ from one another by the number of neutrons contained in the nuclei. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus equals the number of protons in the nucleus. Since the electric charges of the proton and the electron are +1 and-1 respectively (in units of the proton charge), the net charge of the atom is zero. At present, there are 112 known elements which range from the lightest, hydrogen, to the recently discovered and yet to-be-named element 112. All of the elements heavier than uranium are man made. Among the elements are approximately 270 stable isotopes, and more than 2000 unstable isotopes.

95. RESEARCH DG - CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSION KEY ACTION energy, Environment and Sustainable Development EURATOM Key Action 1 ControlledThermonuclear fusion implemented under the Fifth Framework Programme (1999 http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/fusion1.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a and a Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion programme implemented under the Fourth Framework Programme (1994-1998) Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development - EURATOM Key Action 1 : Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion implemented under the Fifth Framework Programme (1999-2002) What is covered by this key action? Key Action outline Implementation FUSION EXPO ... The European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA) The EURATOM Associations Fusion on the EU's new Energy Research web site Publications and success stories about fusion Marie Curie Individual Fellowships in the Key Action Fusion on the CORDIS server RTD PROGRAMMES

96. EUROPA - Research - Energy - Fusion Energy fusion energy. fusion energy research topics The principal focus of fusion researchis on confining and heating plasmas, using strong magnetic fields. http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/fu/fu_en.html

en document.write(''); document.write('English'); document.write(''); Europa European Commission Energy Research Site map ... Interesting Links ITER communication COM (2003) 215 of 28.04.2003 (PDF ca. 200 kB) Fusion Energy Fusion is the powerhouse of the universe. It is the energy source of the sun and other stars. We want to harness the power of fusion on earth for the benefit of mankind. Introduction to Fusion The principal focus of European fusion research is on confining and heating plasmas, using strong magnetic fields to produce power. It is carried out within the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) Framework Programmes. Our mission The goal of European fusion research is to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion as a future energy option to meet the needs of a growing world population. The abundant and widespread fuel resources, the inherent safety aspects, and the environmental friendliness of fusion are all reasons why Europe and the large nations of the world are pursuing its development as a possible future energy source. Achieving the aim of making fusion a viable energy source will require a sustained long-term research effort. Because of the scale of this research, and the need for expertise in a wide range of disciplines, all EU Member States are collaborating in a joint effort. The success achieved to date show that we are ready to demonstrate the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion by a further major experiment that is essentially the 'core' of a future fusion power station. Collaboration on a global scale is being discussed to construct and operate such an experiment.

97. MSN Encarta - Nuclear Energy nuclear energy, measured in millions of electron volts (MeV), is released by thefusion of two light nuclei, as when two heavy hydrogen nuclei, deuterons (ªH http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558960/Nuclear_Energy.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items Nuclear Weapons, explosive devices designed to release nuclear energy Plutonium, used as fuel in nuclear reactors more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Nuclear Energy News Search MSNBC for news about Nuclear Energy Internet Search Search Encarta about Nuclear Energy Search MSN for Web sites about Nuclear Energy Also on Encarta Encarta guide: The Reagan legacy Compare top online degrees Proud papas: Famous dads with famous kids Also on MSN Father's Day present ideas on MSN Shopping Breaking news on MSNBC Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Nuclear Energy Multimedia 10 items Article Outline Introduction The Atom Nuclear Energy from Fission Nuclear Power Reactors ... Nuclear Fusion I Introduction Print Preview of Section Nuclear Energy , energy released during the splitting or fusing of atomic nuclei. The energy of any system, whether physical, chemical, or nuclear, is manifested by the system’s ability to do work or to release heat or radiation. The total energy in a system is always conserved, but it can be transferred to another system or changed in form.

98. ANS : Constituencies : Professional Divisions : Fusion Energy Division fusion energy Division Home Page. Members focus on the assessment and resolutionof critical developmental issues for practical fusion energy applications. http://fed.ans.org/

Fusion Energy Division Home Page This division promotes the development and timely introduction of fusion energy as a sustainable energy source with favorable economic, environmental, and safety attributes. The division cooperates with other organizations on common issues of multidisciplinary fusion science and technology, conducts professional meetings, and disseminates technical information in support of these goals. Members focus on the assessment and resolution of critical developmental issues for practical fusion energy applications. For more information on fusion, the members and mission of the Fusion Energy Division, click here Downloads: 1999 ANS Policy Statement on Fusion. June 2004 FED Newsletter 16th Topical Meeting on Technology of Fusion Energy FED 2004 Awards - Call for Nominations ... Written testimony from Dr. Larry Foulke, ANS President, to the Senate Energy and Water Appropriations Subcommittee for its hearings on the FY 2005 budget. Questions or comments about the FED web pages? Contact the FED Webmaster

99. Environmental Organization WebDirectory - ScienceEnergy WebDirectory Write us Add URL Search Info. ScienceEnergyAlternativeEnergyNuclear Energyfusion. Laboratories Cold fusion Research; http://www.webdirectory.com/Science/Energy/Alternative_Energy/Nuclear_Energy/Fus

Science Energy Alternative Energy Nuclear Energy :Fusion Laboratories Cold Fusion Research Department of Energy - Office of Fusion Energy - develop fusion as an environmentally attractive, commercially viable, and sustainable energy source for the Nation and the world. DIII-D Fusion Home Page Fusion Advantages Fusion Research Directory INRS-Énergie et Matériaux ... Madison Symmetric Torus - A reversed-field pinch device at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. MFEDB - Magnetic Fusion Energy Database - The MFE database provides the fusion community with complete sets of experimental data from a variety of machines and discharge conditions. Plasma Science and Technology Directory - Fusion Research and Related Sites The Environmental Organization Web Directory is Sponsored by Santa Barbara Hotels Ventura Hotels Santa Barbara Restaurants Web Directory ... Lap Band Surgery

100. Plasma-Material Interaction Group Nuclear Physics Fusion And http://starfire.ne.uiuc.edu/ne201/course/topics/nuclear_physics/

Quick Links Advisor Funding Objective Research Areas ... Webmaster Nuclear Physics: Fusion and Fission VLINK="#ff0000"> N UCLEAR P HYSICS: F USION A ND F ISSION Lecture-Discussion #20 Nuclear Engineering 201: Advanced Energy Systems Professor David N. Ruzic I NTRODUCTION T L ECTURE O UTLINE Nuclear Energy Chemistry Analogy Binding Energy Fusion Energy Reactions Resources Wastes Web Project: Man Made Star Author: Mark Stein, 1997 Web Project: Fusion Energy Author: Travis Grove, 1997 Web Project: Plasma Wall Interactions Author: Kenneth S. Coffey, 1996 Web Project: Fusion: Energy For The 21st Century Author: Daniel I. Williamson, 1996 Web Projects: Tokamak Fusion Reactors Author: Aaron Humphrey, 1996 Web Project: MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT FUSION Author: Rhyan Ahern, 1995 Web Project: Inertial Confinement FusionToday and Tomorrow Author: Cari Lehner, 1995 Fission Energy Reactions Resources Wastes Web Project: Nuclear Energy: Fission Author: Kin Kei Kei Yau, 1997 Web Project: Nuclear Energy Author: Helmut Kopke, 1996

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 5     81-100 of 105    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20