61. VTT Processes - Nuclear Energy - FFusion2 fusion plasma contains high energy particles and fusion reactions produce energeticneutrons which modify the mechanical and physical properties of invessel http://www.vtt.fi/pro/pro1/ffusion2/ffusionreseach.htm

FFusion 2 Research Areas Finnish Fusion Research Unit The Finnish Fusion Research Unit of the Association Euratom-Tekes consists of research groups from VTT Processes (programme co-ordination, fusion physics, reactor materials and plasma facing components, neutronics, socio-econimics), VTT Industrial Systems (reactor materials), VTT Automation (remote handling systems) and VTT Electronics (remote handling systems). In addition, three universities are involved: Helsinki University of Technology (fusion physics and remote handling systems), Tampere University of Technology , (remote handling systems) and Helsinki University, Accelerator Laboratory There are three research areas in the FFUSION Programme: Fusion physics and plasma engineering Fusion reactor materials research Remote handling systems for fusion reactor maintenance In fusion physics and plasma engineering, the emphasis is on the interactions of intense electromagnetic radiation with fusion plasmas in plasma heating and diagnostics. Problems involving fusion reactor materials and remote handling systems are key issues in the design of future fusion reactors. Joint projects in the field of special materials, superconductors, coatings, joining techniques and remote handling have been initiated with universities, research institutes and companies. Fusion Physics and Plasma Engineering The main issues in the controlled fusion research are plasma confinement and heating. In tokamaks, a hot plasma is confined and isolated by strong magnetic fields which prevent the cooling of the fusion plasma. Radio-frequency (rf) heating is used in many present fusion devices and it is one of the proposed heating methods for ITER. The rf-power is coupled to the plasma via an antenna or grill structure and the wave propagation and later absorption deposit the heating power well inside the plasma.

62. Nuclear Fusion People are working on ways to make it practical, but it is unlikely that nuclearfusion will become a viable energy source before about 2015 or so. http://eghs.dist214.k12.il.us/html/academics/sciClass/scisoc/laura.html

Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Fusion is a process in which hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms. The advantages to this are that this process produces the same amount of energy, kilogram for kilogram, as the best modern energy source, nuclear fission. Nuclear fission also does not produce dangerous radioactive wasteonly helium. The process of nuclear fusion, evident in stars, including the Sun, releases enormous amount of energy. It occurs when the nuclei of lighter elements (such as Hydrogen) are fused together at extremely high temperatures and pressures to form heavier elements (such as helium). The core of the sun is estimated to be 27 million degrees fahrenheit. At this extreme temperature, hydrogen atoms melt, or fuse together releasing tremendous amounts of heat and light. The disadvantage of nuclear fusion is that it is very hard to get a self-sustaining fusion reaction going. The reason for this is that you have to heat the hydrogen up to extreme temperatures. Quite often, it takes more energy to do so than is produced in the reaction. People are working on ways to make it practical, but it is unlikely that nuclear fusion will become a viable energy source before about 2015 or so.

63. Nuclear Fusion Reaction Definition Of Nuclear Fusion Reaction. What Is Nuclear F Noun, 1. nuclear fusion reaction a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combineto form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nuclear fusion reaction

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia nuclear fusion reaction Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Noun nuclear fusion reaction - a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy nuclear fusion fusion cold fusion - nuclear fusion at or near room temperatures; claims to have discovered it are generally considered to have been mistaken nuclear reaction - (physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei thermonuclear reaction - a nuclear fusion reaction taking place at very high temperatures (as in the sun) Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Some words with "nuclear fusion reaction" in the definition: carbon cycle cold fusion endoergic reaction fission ... thermonuclear reactor Previous General Dictionary Browser Next nuclear club nuclear deterrence Nuclear device ... Nuclear Regulatory Commission Full Dictionary Browser Nuclear electric rocket (enc.) Nuclear energy Nuclear energy (enc.) Nuclear Energy Agency (enc.)

64. Nuclear Fusion Definition Of Nuclear Fusion. What Is Nuclear Fusion? Meaning Of Noun, 1. nuclear fusion a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combineto form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Nuclear fusion

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Nuclear fusion Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Noun nuclear fusion - a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy nuclear fusion reaction fusion cold fusion - nuclear fusion at or near room temperatures; claims to have discovered it are generally considered to have been mistaken nuclear reaction - (physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei thermonuclear reaction - a nuclear fusion reaction taking place at very high temperatures (as in the sun) Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Some words with "Nuclear fusion" in the definition: carbon cycle cold fusion fission fusion ... thermonuclear reactor Previous General Dictionary Browser Next nuclear chemistry nuclear club nuclear deterrence ... nuclear reactor Full Dictionary Browser Nuclear disaster (enc.) Nuclear doomsday clock (enc.) Nuclear electric rocket (enc.) Nuclear energy Nuclear energy (enc.) Nuclear Energy Agency (enc.)

65. Nuclear Fusion Top Research Priority For Europe The Commission has earmarked Û750 million to fund nuclear fusion research. demonstratethe scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy generation http://www.gci.ch/Communication/DigitalForum/digiforum/ARTICLES/article2002/nucl

Nuclear Fusion Top Research Priority for Europe BRUSSELS, Belgium, June 17, 2002 (ENS) - Europe is investing Û 1.230 billion in nuclear research, the European Commission announced today. Most of the funds will go towards research and development of nuclear fusion, the same reaction that takes place within the Sun. The more traditional nuclear fission program will focus on the management and disposal of radioactive waste and foster close research co-operation between national waste management agencies of the 15 European Union Member States. EU Research Commissioner Philippe Busquin of Belgium (Photo courtesy European Commission) EU Research Commissioner Philippe Busquin said today, "Safe and clean nuclear energy is a priority for sustainable development. It can greatly contribute to meeting Kyoto Treaty requirements. And there is a clear need for EU action to pool together know how and resources in state of the art nuclear research at European level." Anti-nuclear citizens groups, such as Belgium based coalition Mother Earth, oppose the policy. "Today there is enough evidence that nowhere in the world has the industry been able to demonstrate that it can safely deal with the highly dangerous wastes that are an inevitable consequence of the nuclear fuel cycle."

66. Radioactivity Radioactivity; fission and fusion; and nuclear energy Introduction. Thispage hydrogen. Fission and fusion What is nuclear energy? The http://www.niauk.org/printer_10.shtml

Radioactivity; fission and fusion; and nuclear energy Introduction This page provides a very brief introduction to radiation, radioactivity and nuclear energy. If you would like more information, then NIA has produced a set of four informative, educational pamphlets - the "Nuclear Power" series: Radiation and Nuclear Power Fission, Fusion and Safety and Nuclear Power Developing Energy and Nuclear Power Environment and Nuclear Power Single copies of all these publications are available free on request. Please contact Ms Kerste Lenton either by e-mail to info@niauk.org or by phone on 020 7766 6640 or by fax on 020 7839 4695 or by post to NIA, Whitehall House, 41 Whitehall, London SW1A 2BY. Alternatively they can be downloaded in pdf format here So...What is radiation and radioactivity? All matter is made up of atoms. All atoms are made up of three particles: protons, which have a positive electric charge; electrons, which are negatively charged; and neutrons, which have no electrical charge. The protons and neutrons combine to create the nucleus, which is the centre of an atom. "isotopes" . Most elements have several isotopes. For example, carbon-12 (C-12) is an isotope of carbon with an atomic mass of 12, whereas carbon-14 (C-14) is carbon with an atomic mass of 14. Isotopes have the same chemical properties, but often have slightly different physical properties, due to the differences in their mass.

67. The Environmental Literacy Council - Nuclear Fusion will work, offers a good introduction to the technology of nuclear fusion. Theirfusion Research Page contains a general explanation of fusion energy and links http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/71.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Nuclear Fusion Nuclear reactors in commission today produce energy by fission, that is, splitting radioactive uranium atoms and harnessing the energy that is released. An alternative design is fusion, fusing two atomic nuclei into a larger nucleus. The advantage to nuclear fusion, which was used in the hydrogen bomb, is that fewer waste products are produced, and the fuel supply is less hazardous than uranium. The disadvantage is that fusion requires so much energy to fuse the nuclei, that it has not been possible to create more energy than is consumed. HyperPhysics: Nuclear Fusion For a quick flash-card review of nuclear fusion see Georgia State professor Rod Nave's HyperPhysics site. Use his clickable flow chart to navigate through related fusion concepts. U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Program The Department of Energy provides a fusion web site that seeks to answer the question "Why Fusion?" Congressional Research Service: "Magnetic Fusion: The DOE Fusion Energy Sciences Program" This brief provides an introduction to the science of fusion energy, the potential environmental benefits of fusion, and the current status of government-funded fusion research. FusEdWeb: Fusion Energy Educational Web Site Maintained by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, this is an introduction to the concepts and workings of nuclear fusion. It includes a

68. E = Mc^2: Energy From Nuclear Fusion We now have a source of energy nuclear fusion. Why is energy releasedduring the fusion of hydrogen? E=mc^2 energy from nuclear fusion. http://www.btinternet.com/~j.doyle/SR/Emc2/Fusion.htm

This is quite a long page. Although it is designed to be read sequentially, a menu is provided in order that you can access any particular section quickly and easily. Introduction. Fusion. An Atomic Process. The Sun's Fusion. Fusion in other atoms - the Sun's End. ... Nuclear Power from Fusion. Introduction. You and I are solar powered, at least indirectly. It is the Sun's energy that grows plants that (one way or another) we eat and get our energy from. Until Einstein derived E = mc from his special theory of relativity it was a complete mystery as to what the fuel source of the Sun was. For example, it had been calculated that if the Sun was made of coal it would use up its total fuel supply in about 6000 years. With an ever-increasing understanding of the age of the Solar System, based mainly on geological research, it was clear that there must be a process going on within the Sun that we didn't understand. We now know that the Sun is about 4.5 billion years old and has about the same length of time before it will have used up all of its fuel. This page deals with nuclear fusion, and in doing so explains why the Sun can produce so much energy over such a long period of time. The Sun.

69. Fusion In later sections, we shall see how seemingly unrelated discoveries in fundamentalphysics led to a theory of nuclear energy generation in stars that resolved http://www.nobel.se/physics/articles/fusion/

How the Sun Shines by John N. Bahcall What makes the sun shine? How does the sun produce the vast amount of energy necessary to support life on earth? These questions challenged scientists for a hundred and fifty years, beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century. Theoretical physicists battled geologists and evolutionary biologists in a heated controversy over who had the correct answer. Why was there so much fuss about this scientific puzzle? The nineteenth-century astronomer John Herschel described eloquently the fundamental role of sunshine in all of human life in his 1833 Treatise on Astronomy: The sun's rays are the ultimate source of almost every motion which takes place on the surface of the earth. By its heat are produced all winds,...By their vivifying action vegetables are elaborated from inorganic matter, and become, in their turn, the support of animals and of man, and the sources of those great deposits of dynamical efficiency which are laid up for human use in our coal strata. Sunshine makes life possible on earth.

70. RadWaste.org - Nuclear Fusion Germany) DE; energy Production in the Sun by nuclear fusion (US) EN;EU fusion Program EN; The FIRE Place (US) EN; Fizica Sistemelor http://www.radwaste.org/fusion.htm

Search the RadWaste.org database Index: Home Hot topics Recent additions Site map ... Nuclear power utilities Nuclear fusion International organizations Professional societies Environmental organizations Personal pages ... Contact us This site is listed in the BBC Education Web Guide. Begin your journey on the internet with The Rail. This is junction 1360 on "The Science Expedition". Nuclear fusion Fusion energy, the awesome power behind the sun and stars, has long been the "holy grail" of nuclear researchers world wide. Its proponents argue the vast potential for cheap, clean energy from hydrogen isotopes extracted from sea water, without the long term radioactive waste associated with nuclear fission. In simple terms, the fusion process works by combining light atoms, such as isotopes of hydrogen, under very high temperatures and pressures to make heavier ones, such as helium. Fission is the opposite: it starts with very heavy atoms, such as uranium, and splits them into two or more pieces called "fission fragments" or "fission products". Both fission and fusion release large quantities of energy, which can be converted into heat and electricity. Nuclear fusion does produce radioactive waste. However, in contrast to fission produced wastes, they are short lived and decay to background levels in a very short time. While great strides have been made over the past few decades, the high cost of research, and very expensive hardware, limits most of the work to multi-national consortia. Current research efforts are focused in two main areas: inertial confinement and magnetic confinement. A third method, so called "cold fusion", had the research community all a-buzz in the early 1990's with the prospect of a much cheaper alternative. Although cold fusion still has its supporters, most of the mainstream scientific community has dismissed it "poor science" (or worse).

71. New Energy Times source how works basics phenomenon krivit winocur latest news condensed matter nuclearscience the 2004 cold fusion report low energy nuclear reactions effect http://www.newenergytimes.com/

New Energy Times Home Web Links News Conversations ... About / Contact Welcome Bienvenida • B ienvenue Benvenuto Boa vinda Willkommen • Mottakelse • • Welkom coLD FUSION INFORMATION Dr. Eugene Mallove murdered Click Here for more information. New Energy Times Newsletter: Latest Edition: June 2, 2004 Newsletter is available to subscribers only. There is no charge. Click here to subscribe. Your e-mail address is confidential and will never be sold or shared. Please Support our efforts. Click here for more information. General Information (All Readers) The 2004 Cold Fusion Report (All Readers) Other Reports Technical Information (Scientific Audience) Public Lecture on Cold Fusion by Author Charles G. Beaudette (mp3 Audio)

72. Nuclear Energy News - Topix.net Monday May 17 THE nation s nuclear safety watchdog Eugene Mallove, Torch Bearerfor Cold fusion, Dies PR May 17 - Editor of Infinite energy magazine brutally http://www.topix.net/tech/nuclear-energy

Thursday, June 10, 2004 Nuclear Energy News Search Technology Agriculture Alternative Energy Anthropology Archaeology ... Space Improve your site Add these news headlines to your website - click here Top Stories Iran Showed Interest In Tens Of Thousands Of Parts For Covert Nuclear ... WSVN-TV Miami Beach - 41 minutes ago - Iran told a black market supplier it was interested in "tens of thousands" of parts for its covert nuclear program, diplomats said Thursday, as the U.N. atomic watchdog prepared to ... See also: World News Middle East Iran N.Y. Nuclear Plant's Drill Features Fake Plane Crash WDIV-TV Detroit - Wednesday - For the first time, a fake terrorist attack became part of an emergency drill conducted at a nuclear power plant near New York City. See also: White Plains, NY West Harrison, NY Indian Point Simulates Terrorist Attack WVIT-TV W Hartford - Wednesday - For the first time, a fake terrorist attack was included in a drill of emergency plans at a nuclear power plant near New York City, with crews grappling with a simulated crash of a 767. See also: White Plains, NY

73. Singapore Science Centre ScienceNet Physical Sciences High-Energy Answer 5 There are two types of nuclear energy which are Fission;fusion. All present day nuclear reactors are fission reactors. http://www.science.edu.sg/ssc/detailed.jsp?artid=2819&type=6&root=5&parent=5&cat

74. BBC News | SCI/TECH | Fusion Power 'within Reach' Harnessing nuclear fusion the energy that makes the starsshine - may be possible soon because of a new approach. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1573000/1573450.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Sci/Tech Front Page World UK ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Monday, 1 October, 2001, 17:06 GMT 18:06 UK Fusion power 'within reach' Controlling the "naughty child": The plasma reaches millions of degrees in the Mast experimental reactor By BBC News Online science editor Dr David Whitehouse Fusion power is "within reach", according to atomic scientists in the UK. There are still very many difficulties but perhaps in a few decades we could have commercial fusion reactors in cities providing cheap pollution-free power Dr Alan Sykes Fusion is the form of nuclear energy that powers the stars. Although, it has many advantages over conventional nuclear power, it has been technically difficult to develop. The best approach appears to be to confine a superhot gas, called a plasma, in a magnetic field. Some success has been achieved this way using huge experimental fusion reactors. But now, according to United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) scientists, making smaller versions of the same equipment may be technically easier, cheaper and swifter to develop. The most recent experiments show promise, they claim.

75. Solar & Fusion Energy fusion The Cosmic Solution fusion is the form of nuclear energy thatlights and heats the Cosmos. fusion is the nurturer of life http://gardenearth.com/archives/solar0003.html

Fusion: The Cosmic Solution The world longs for two things now: a way for all of humanity to prosper and a way for humanity to prosper together with our environment. Fusion energy can provide both things: energy that is both much safer and cleaner than present forms of nuclear power and an infinite source of power that can be harnessed anywhere with fuel that can be freely available to all nations. Human induced climate change, most likely in the form of global warming, is presently controversial but it is not likely to remain so. In less than a decade, perhaps even a few years, the planet-wide effects of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be an undisputed fact and the controversy will center on how to stop it or remediate its effects. As the stark realization of its reality penetrates public awareness, there will be increasing pressure for quick fixes. It is likely that nuclear energy, in some form, will be seen as part of the solution. It is true that solar and other renewable forms of energy can fill part of the gap, but they are also material and capital intensive and will require many years to implement, and alone they cannot compare with the massive and weather-independent nature of fossil fuels or nuclear power. Our concern is that without the safe, clean form of energy that fusion offers the door will be opened for increasing levels of energy from nuclear fission. France and Japan have demonstrated that a conversion to nuclear energy is possible without economic disruption. However, what about the costs to our environment and safety? In the face of global warming, dare we proceed without an alternative to both fossil fuels and fission nuclear energy? Fusion may also help us soft land in what will ultimately be a solar economy.

76. Nuclear Fusion There are many, many varieties of nuclear fusion reactions, most of which are realizedon a large scale in stars, whose main energy source is nuclear fusion. http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/p200/emc2/node7.html

B ELIEVE M E N OT! A S KEPTICs G UIDE Next: Cold Fusion Up: Conversion of Mass to Energy Previous: Potential Energy is Mass, Too! Nuclear Fusion Actually, a large nucleus is rarely heavier than the sum of its constituents. If you think about it, this is the equivalent of having a ball stored at the top of a potential energy hill Once it moves over the edge, the process is all downhill, resulting in liberation of kinetic energy. The heaviest nuclei represent stored-up energy from "endothermic'' (energy-absorbing) processes that took place in SUPERNOVA explosions billions of years ago, and are in that sense correctly referred to as "supernova fossils.'' Anything heavier than iron falls into this category! Nuclei lighter than iron ( Fe), if they can be regarded as composed of lighter nuclei, are almost always lighter than the sum of their constituents, simply because their BINDING ENERGY is greater. The process of combining light nuclei to make heavier ones (up to iron) is called NUCLEAR FUSION , which also liberates kinetic energy. There are many, many varieties of nuclear fusion reactions, most of which are realized on a large scale in

77. Alternative Energy: Cold Fusion: Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) Alternative energy Brief Summary and Discussion of Cold fusion, Low energynuclear Reaction (LENR) Chemically Assisted nuclear Reaction (CANR). http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Alternative-Energy-Cold-Fusion.htm

Cold Fusion On Alternative Energy: Cold Fusion: Low Energy Nuclear Reaction (LENR) By Philosopher of Science, Metaphysics Geoff Haselhurst Index / Home Page Biography Bibliography (Updated: May 2004) www.SpaceandMotion.com Introduction: Cold Fusion (LENR) It is difficult to imagine a more profound reversal of scientific fortunes than what has been emerging in the 'cold fusion' field. One of the most disputed anomalies in the history of science is inexorably heading toward acceptance by the scientific community. (Dr. Eugene Mallove, http://www.infinite-energy.com/) Discussion of Physics (Experimental and Theoretical) of Cold Fusion, and the important consequences for Humanity of understanding Cold Fusion as a useful form of Alternative Energy. Summary of Website / Knowledge Currently Physics (and thus all human knowledge) is founded on the concepts of particles and forces in Space and Time, which assumes the existence of four separate things. This causes many problems for Humanity because the necessary connection between these things is unknown. The Metaphysics of Space and Motion and the Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) solves these problems by describing Reality in terms of One thing, Space, existing with the Properties of a Wave Medium. Matter is formed from Spherical Standing Waves in Space which cause the 'particle' effect at their Wave Center Time is due to the Wave Motion (activity) of Space.

78. Cold Fusion And A Nuclear Explosion at which they jointly announced the discovery of cold fusion the productionof usable amounts of energy by what seemed to be a nuclear process occurring http://www.alternativescience.com/cold_fusion.htm

Cold Fusion The Sun in a bottle No other scientific endeavour has consumed so much talent, so much cash and so many years of sustained effort as the race to harness the power that makes the Sun shine. Billions of pounds, (and dollars, roubles and yen), more than four decades of research and the careers of thousands of physicists have been expended on the search for a nuclear reactor that will generate limitless power from the fusion of hydrogen atoms. There are grey-haired professors with lined faces still poring intently over the equations they first looked at eagerly with bright young eyes in the 1940s and 1950s. They will go into retirement with their dreams of cheap, safe power from fusion still years in the future. For the obstacles in their paths are as formidable now as ever. Fusion is the process taking place in the Sun's core where, at temperatures of millions of degrees, hydrogen atoms are compressed together by elemental forces to form helium and a massive outpouring of energy in the thermonuclear reaction of the hydrogen bomb. It is not difficult, then, to imagine how people who have invested their talent and their lives in the quest to tame such forces are likely to react when told that fusion is possible at room temperature, and in a jam jar.

79. Physics 30: Atomic Physics - Nuclear Fusion Recognize that scientists believe that nuclear fusion is possible under Suggest thepotential that fusion has for providing an abundant supply of energy. http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/physics/u8c3phy.html

Optional Unit VIII: Atomic Physics C. Nuclear Fusion Key Concepts Nuclear fusion occurs when two small nuclei join together to form a larger nucleus. A large amount of energy is released during fusion. Nuclear fusion occurs within the sun and the stars. Fusion in the sun is believed to occur in steps. Four protons produce one atom, two positrons, and two neutrinos. The first two steps shown below must occur twice before the third step takes place: Fusion in stars produces all of the chemical elements found on Earth. Sunlight is energy released from fusion reactions in the sun. Examining the spectral characteristics of stars may provide a better understanding of fusion. Fusion is believed to be possible only under extremely high temperatures. For this reason it is referred to as a thermonuclear reaction. The use of nuclear fusion for commercial purposes is currently being investigated. One reaction that may eventually be able to produce controlled fusion is: Fusion has the potential of providing an abundant supply of energy. The fuel needed for fusion is readily available. Deuterium must be extracted from water. (About 0.015% of the hydrogen in water is exists as deuterium.) Tritium (

80. Crank Dot Net | Cold Fusion Cold fusion 2000 Feb 22 technology . cold fusion . has come to meanthe release of nuclear energy as heat in a metal loaded with hydrogen. http://www.crank.net/fusion.html

Cold Fusion Research Laboratory 2002 Feb 25 cold fusion "Kozima's Cold Fusion Research Laboratory ... CRFL News ..." The Free Energy Archive 2000 Sep 15 free energy cold fusion zero point energy "This is not a solicitation for investment funds. Future performance in the field of cold fusion, free energy, perpetual motion, and zero point energy will very much reflect past performance. If your looking for a place to invest your money, try the government, as they grow boom time or bust. However, if money does not buy either love or happiness, I'll probably get different results." Cold fusion and Trojan horse mechanism 2000 Aug 02 cold fusion "It has become clear that cold fusion differs from hot fusion in several respects: gamma rays are not produced and the flux of neutrons is much lower than predicted by standard nuclear physics. Together with the fact that Coulomb wall does not allow the occurrence of cold fusion at all in the standard physics context, this forces the conclusion that new physics must be involved." The Backyard Cold Fusion Experiment 2000 Jul 13 cold fusion free energy thermodynamics "The experiment was performed on June 22. Prior to that date the preparation took about a month, but on a very limited time basis. A canister of deuterium gas was ordered from Amerigas in Los Angeles for .00. ... The canister contained 20 liters of gas at 700 psi of pressure. ... Titanium was chosen over palladium as the metal for several reasons. First I could not find a small amount of palladium anywhere in Southern California. ...'"

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