61. Nigeria Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resourc groups that live within its borders, nigeria is also a The history of the peoples that constitute the present Of these, the three dominant regional groups were http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/nigeria/nigeria_history_introduction.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Nigeria Introduction http://workmall.com/wfb2001/nigeria/nigeria_history_introduction.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS Figure 1. Administrative Divisions of Nigeria as of August 1991 THE MOST POPULOUS COUNTRY IN AFRICA and the largest in area of the West African states, Nigeria was an early twentieth century colony that became an independent nation in 1960. A country of great diversity because of the many ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups that live within its borders, Nigeria is also a country with a long past. The history of the peoples that constitute the present state dates back more than 2,000 years. The earliest archaeological finds were of the Nok, who inhabited the central Jos Plateau between the Niger and Benue rivers between 300 B.C. and 200 A.D. A number of states or kingdoms with which contemporary ethnic groups can be identified existed before 1500. Of these, the three dominant regional groups were the Hausa in the northern kingdoms of the savanna, the Yoruba in the west, and the Igbo in the south. The European slave trade that occurred in Africa as early as the late fifteenth century and that crested between the 1650s and the 1850s had a significant impact on Nigeria. Britain declared the slave trade illegal in 1807 and sent its navy to West African waters to enforce the ban. Britain's action led ultimately to British intervention in Nigeria, which had become a major area for the slave trade. Meanwhile, whereas European missionaries were bringing Christianity to the peoples of southern Nigeria, Islam had been introduced along the caravan routes of northern Nigeria. The jihad, or holy war, waged within what became the Sokoto Caliphate between 1804 and 1808, was instrumental in spreading the Muslim faith not only in the north but also into adjacent regions, such as the area that came to be known as the middle belt, running from the Niger River valley in the west to the Cameroon Highlands in the east.

62. :: Ez2Find :: Nigeria regional Africa Regions West Africa (14) FOC Country Profile nigeria - Site Info - Translate New Window Notes on geography, history, politics, economy http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Regional/Africa/Nigeria/

Guide : Nigeria Global Metasearch Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode All Words Any Word Phrase Results Timeout Depth Adult Filter Add to Favorites Other Search Web News Newsgroups Images Guides Nigeria ez2Find Home Directory Regional Africa : Nigeria Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Government ... Travel and Tourism Related Categories Regional: Africa: Regions: West Africa Web Sites BBC Country Profile - Nigeria [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] Key facts, figures and dates, and media links. URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1064557.stm CIA Factbook - Nigeria [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people URL: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ni.html

63. Nigeria Culture Top Science Social Sciences Archaeology regional Africa nigeria discoveries in northeastern nigeria have revealed about the history and culture http://www.1arbeer.com/related/nigeria culture

Results for nigeria culture 1 to 20 of 25 results. Nigeria rank:       Search Engine   Top: Science: Social Sciences: Archaeology: Regional: Africa: Nigeria (1) Archaeologists@ (21) Archaeology in Northeastern Nigeria - Study from the University of Frankfurt which examines what archaeological discoveries in northeastern Nigeria have revealed about the history and culture of the area. Nigeria Ethnography rank: Politics rank: World rank:       Search Engine   Top: News: Online Archives: CNN.com: 1998: March: World (254) Argentina's 'dirty war': an ugly episode that won't die - [CNN.com] Eclipse-worshipers see tourist threat to culture Bands and Artists rank: African rank:       Search Engine   Top: Society: Folklore: Literature: Tales: Fairy Tales: World Tales: African (19) See Also: Arts: Literature: Myths and Folktales: Myths: African Arts: Literature: World Literature: African African Trail - Folk Tales - Selection of African folktales cross-referenced to other cultures using motif and type classification, prepared by Colleen Matthews. Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria Ifa, Babalawo

64. SOAS: Centres His current, regional research focuses on material culture and history including photographic in the middlebelt of, predominantly, nigeria and an http://www.soas.ac.uk/centres/centreinfo.cfm?navid=693

65. ZapMeta Directory > Regional > Africa > Nigeria regional Africa Regions FOC Country Profile nigeria open this Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current http://www.zapmeta.com/search/meta/db.pl?dir=25813

66. Hyperia nigeria S POLITICAL history. nigeria became an independent sovereign state in 1960, after having although it was dominated by three large regional and ethnic http://www.hyperia.com/politics.htm

NIGERIA'S POLITICAL HISTORY The Biafran war was exceptional in the number of casualties. Although military fatalities probably did not exceed 100,000, up to two million Biafran civilians died, mainly from starvation. International involvement kept the war continuing for two and a half years. After the cease-fire in 1970, the process of national reconciliation was remarkably rapid. The introduction of a 12-state system to replace the previous regional structure seemed a positive step, aside the reintegration of former Biafran army personnel in the federal armed forces. General Gowon also announced a six-year timetable for a return to civilian rule, although he subsequently rescheduled this, announcing in 1974 that the military would not hand over power on the due date. This set the tone for the 1980s and 1990s. In July 1975 General Gowon was overthrown by his fellow officers, led by Brigadier Murtala Muhammed. Acting primarily out of a desire to restore the prestige and credibility of the military, they moved rapidly to tackle corruption and set in motion the transition to democratic rule in what is still, even 20 years later considered as a brief golden age. It was shattered in February 1976, when the newly promoted General Muhammed was assassinated by a dissident officer. However, his deputy and successor, Lieutenant-General Olusegun Obasanjo, ensured that the programme of transition to democracy stayed on course. Nigeria's Second Republic was inaugurated, as planned, on 1 October 1979.

67. Britannica.com: Worlds Apart: The Roots Of Regional Conflicts Worlds Apart The Roots of regional Conflicts. civilian leader in 15 yearsoffers some hope that nigeria may be able to end its long history of military http://www.britannica.com/worldsapart/18_print.html

Introduction Viewpoints Worlds Apart: The Roots of Regional Conflicts Nigeria: Hoping for Democracy Overview Indonesia The Kurds Central Africa Sri Lanka ... Nigeria

68. Nigeria Recreation Reference regional Science Shopping Society Sports. nigeria news nigeria world nigeria newspaper nigeria map lagos nigeria nigeria history nigeria http://www.jaspergifts.com/Regional/Africa/Nigeria/

Nigeria JasperGifts.com Shopping? It's all here! Shopping Contact Top Trade ... Webmasters Search Aromatherapy Baby Bath and Body Bed and Bath ... currency nigeria Links: Regional: Africa: Nigeria Home Regional Africa : Nigeria Benin City, Nigeria Hotels - Expedia.com Check hotel star ratings, room types, and amenity details, and make reservations in Benin City, Nigeria Orbitz.com - Flights to Lagos, Nigeria Choose desired travel dates, number of stops and passengers, and cabin class to book a flight through Lagos, Nigeria Cheap Travel Network - Airfare from U.S. to Africa This travel site provides free fare quotes to Africa. Offers cheap flights to South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria Ghana, Tanzania, and many other African destinations. Wholesale-Fares.com Search for discounted international airfares to destinations such as Mexico, Africa, Israel, Japan, France, and England. Nigeria - Cheaper Hotel Rates Before booking a hotel, compare hotel room rates at NexTag. Lowest Prices At DealTime! SkyAuction.com: Bid On Africa Auctions start at just $1. Coach to first-class international and domestic airline tickets, hotel rooms, cruises, all-inclusive island getaways, African safari adventures, and more. Wholesale Freight Calculator and Quote Generator Instant Online Rates Right On Your Screen for Ocean Consolidations, Full Containers and Air Cargo Worldwide.

69. Regional Africa Nigeria A Country Study Comprehensive study of history, geography and Usenet soc.culture.nigeria - read it at News the Benue Basinc, 1300-1700 A regional Approach to http://freshlinks.net/odp.aspx/Regional/Africa/Nigeria/

Regional: Africa: Nigeria Translate to: German French Spanish Portugese ... Africa : Nigeria Localities Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education ... Travel and Tourism See also: Regional: Africa: Regions: West Africa BBC Country Profile - Nigeria - Key facts, figures and dates, and media links. CIA Factbook - Nigeria - Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people FOC Country Profile - Nigeria - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. Nigeria: A Country Study - Comprehensive study of history, geography and sociology. Topix.net: Nigeria - News from Nigeria gathered from various sources on the web. [RSS] Usenet soc.culture.nigeria - read it at News-Reader.org Last update: 14:06 PT, Sunday, May 30, 2004 - edit Liberia's Civil War: Nigeria, Ecomog, and Regional Security in West Africa by Adekeye Adebajo New Geography of Nigeria by Nwadilibe P Iioeje Stylosanthes as a forage and fallow crop: Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on the Use of Stylosanthes in West Africa, held in Kaduna, Nigeria, 26-31 October 1992 Prospects for Trade Between Nigeria and Its Neighbours by Bio G. Soule Cyril Obi Bio Goura Soule Nigeria by William Thomas Wilson Morgan Moped2.org

70. Nigeria - Census History Census history. political tension at the time in eastern nigeria; logistical difficulties in with charges of inaccuracy and manipulation for regional and local http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9372.html

Country Listing Nigeria Table of Contents Nigeria Census History Although numerous estimates of the Nigerian population were made during the colonial period, the first attempt at a nationwide census was during 1952-53. This attempt yielded a total population figure of 31.6 million within the current boundaries of the country. This census has usually been considered an undercount for a number of reasons: apprehension that the census was related to tax collection; political tension at the time in eastern Nigeria; logistical difficulties in reaching many remote areas; and inadequate training of enumerators in some areas. The extent of undercounting has been estimated at 10 percent or less, although accuracy probably varied among the regions. Despite its difficulties, the 1952-53 census has generally been seen as less problematic than any of its successors. After the civil war of 1967-70, an attempt was made to hold a census in 1973, but the results were canceled in the face of repeated controversy. No subsequent nationwide census had been held as of 1990, although there have been various attempts to derive population estimates at a state or local level. Most official national population estimates are based on projections from the 1963 census. The great improvements in transport and accessibility of most areas, in technological capability, and in the level of education throughout the country, as well as the generalized acceptance of national coherence and legitimacy, favored the success of the fall 1991 census. It was to be conducted in about 250,000 enumeration areas by the National Population Commission, with offices in each of the country's LGAs. To reduce possible controversy, religious and ethnic identification would be excluded from the census forms, and verification of state results would be handled by supervisors from outside the state. Some analysts believe that the effort to carry out a reliable census with perceived legitimacy might become an unexpectedly positive exercise, reinforcing a sense of shared nationhood and providing a model for the attempt to overcome regional and ethnic differences.

71. Nigeria National, regional, presidential, naval, ethnic, political, and historical flags. http://flagspot.net/flags/ng.html

Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria Last modified: by phil nelson Keywords: nigeria agriculture peace unity ... green Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors by Antonio Martins Proportions: 1:2 Description of the flag Civil ensign Coat of Arms See also Presidential and state flags Nigerian Defense Forces Air Force flags and symbols Naval flags ... Nigerian government site about the flag Description of the flag According to Pedersen in "The International Flag Book in Color" (English Edition, 1971) the Nigerian National and Merchant Flag and Jack was "Chosen in 1959 from among 2870 suggestions in a competition; it was designed by a student from Ibadan, Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi. The green panels represent agriculture; the white, peace and unity." In "Flags Through the Ages and Across the World" by Whitney Smith, 1975, this flag was first officially hoisted 1 October, 1960, Nigeria's date of independence. So the flag that was adopted in 1959 didn't become the official flag of the country until Nigeria became an official country on 1 October 1960. Nick Artimovich , 5 Febuary 1996 The original proposal had a red sun on the white field, but that was not accepted.

72. NetMark: A Regional Partnership For Sustainable Malaria Prevention Managed by the Academy for Educational Development (AED), a Washington, D.C.based nonprofit organization. Goal is to make affordable, lifesaving insecticide-treated nets commercially available on a national scale in Ghana, nigeria, Senegal and Zambia. http://www.netmarkafrica.org/

Nets for sale at a market in Mali What is NetMark? NetMark Plus is an eight-year, $65.4 million dollar project designed to reduce the impact of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa through the increased use and sustainable supply of insecticide treated mosquito nets (ITNs), and insecticide treatments kits for nets, through partnership and joint investment with a wide range of international and local commercial partners. Core partners on NetMark include The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Exp. Momentum (formerly Group Africa) and FCB Advertising. Commercial partners include BASF, Bayer AG, Siamdutch Mosquito Netting Company, A-Z Textiles, ExxonMobil, Vestergaard Frandsen, Syngenta, Mossnet Industries, Harvestfield Industries, and Sunflag Nigeria. NetMark roadshow in Senegal Why ITNs?

73. Nigeria - History And Politics of the 19th century, Britain began an aggressive military expansion in the region. A protectorate was declared over northern nigeria in 1900. Colonial history. http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Nigeria/Politics.html

Geographic Map General Information Geography Natural resources ... NIGERIA History and Politics Constitution adopted 1979, still partially in force. Nigeria has embarked on a review of its constitution Legal system based on English common law, Islamic law, and tribal law Legislative branch bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats), and House of Representatives (360 seats) Elections last held February - March 1999 Background The Federal Republic of Nigeria covers an area of 923,768 sq. km on the shores of the Gulf of Guinea. It has Benin on its Western side, Niger on the North, Chad to the north-east and Cameroon to the east and south-east. Its November 1991 census stood at 88,514,501 and has risen above 120 million currently. It is the most populated country in Africa. Its population is extremely diverse with well over 250 ethnic groups, some numbering fewer than 10,000 people. Ten ethnic groups including Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, Tiv, Edo, Nupe, Ibibio and Ijaw account for nearly 80% of the total population. Most of its population is concentrated in the southern part of the country, as well as in the area of dense settlement around Kano in the north. Between the two areas is a sparsely populated middle belt. Pre-colonial History Between the 11th century and European colonial conquest in the late 19th century, the area in and around Nigeria was home to a number of sophisticated and influential societies. Among the most important were the northeastern kingdom of Borno, the Hausa city-state/kingdoms of Katsina, Kano, Zaria, and Gobir in northern-central Nigeria, the Yoruba city-states/kingdoms of Ife, Oyo, and Ijebu in southwestern Nigeria, the southern kingdom of Benin, and the Igbo communities of eastern Nigeria. Extensive trading networks developed among these societies and northwards across the Sahara.

74. The ICRC In Nigeria Discover the ICRC. Mandate. history. Structure. Finances and budget SectionThe ICRC in NigeriaRegional delegation in Abuja http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/nigeria?OpenDocument

75. AllRefer Reference - Nigeria - The Southern Area | Nigerian Information Resource In relation to others, the Yoruba had a strong sense of ethnic identity and of region, history, and leadership among nigeria s peoples. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/nigeria/nigeria59.html

You are here allRefer Reference Nigeria History ... Nigeria Nigeria The Southern Area Village elder from Gusau in highlands of eastern Nigeria Courtesy World Bank (Josef Hadad) In general, the southern groups of peoples have a fragmented quality. In 1990 the two most important groupings were the Igbo and the Yorubaboth linguistic communities rather than single ethnic units. History, language, and membership in the modern nation-state, however, had led to their identity as ethnic groups. In addition, although not as clearly differentiated, two subunits had strong traditions of ethnic separateness. These were the peoples of the Niger River delta area and those on the border between the Igbo and Yoruba. The Yoruba kingdoms were essentially unstable, even when defended by Portuguese guns and later by cavalry (in Ilorin and Kabba), because the central government had insufficient power constitutionally or militarily to stabilize the subordinate chiefs in the outlying centers. This fissiparous tendency has governed Yoruba contemporary history and has weakened traditional rulers and strengthened the hands of local chiefs and elected councils. Ilorin, like Nupe to the north, was an exception, an extension of Fulani imperial expansion; in 1990 it was ethnically Yoruba, yet more closely allied through its traditional rulers to the Islamic societies to the north. It thus formed a bridge between north and south. Migration of Fulani people in northern Nigeria Courtesy Embassy of Nigeria, Washington

76. MSN Encarta - Nigeria The eventual compromise was the 1954 constitution, which made nigeria a federation in that powers were more evenly split between the regional governments and http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557915_6/Nigeria.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items Abuja, capital Lagos, largest city more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Nigeria Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics News Search MSNBC for news about Nigeria Internet Search Search Encarta about Nigeria Search MSN for Web sites about Nigeria Also on Encarta Encarta guide: The Reagan legacy Compare top online degrees Proud papas: Famous dads with famous kids Also on MSN Father's Day present ideas on MSN Shopping Breaking news on MSNBC Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write(''); Page 6 of 7 Nigeria Multimedia 29 items Dynamic Map View map of Nigeria Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources The People of Nigeria Arts ... History B The Igbo In southeastern Nigeria, archaeological sites confirm sophisticated civilizations dating from at least

77. Winne.com - Report On Nigeria, Time For New Expectations The earliest occupants of nigeria settled in the forest belt and in the Niger Delta region. or the Eze Nri of today with Igbo Ukwu, the history of Borno http://www.winne.com/nigeria3/bf02.html

document.write(messageDate); NIGERIA Time for new expectations The Country Culture and Traditions History What to See ... What you must know History Virtually all the native races of Africa are represented in Nigeria, hence the great diversity of her people and culture. It was in Nigeria that the Bantu and Semi Bantu, migrating from southern and central Africa, intermingled with the Sudanese. Later, other groups such as Shuwa-Arabs, the Tuaregs, and the Fulanis, who are concentrated in the far north, entered northern Nigeria in migratory waves across the Sahara Desert. The earliest occupants of Nigeria settled in the forest belt and in the Niger Delta region. Kanem-Borno Empire While there is no direct evidence to link the people of the Jos Plateau with the Nok culture, or the Eze Nri of today with Igbo Ukwu, the history of Borno dates back to the 9 th Century when Arabic writers in north Africa first noted the kingdom of Kanem east of Lake Chad. Bolstered by trade with the Nile region and Trans-Saharan routes, the empire prospered. In the next centuries, complex political and social systems were developed, particularly after the Bulala invasion in the 14 th Century. The empire moved from Kanem to Borno, hence the name. The empire lated for 1,000 years despite challenges from the Hausa-Fulani in the west and Jukun from the south.

78. The Nigerian Embassy, Moscow, Russian Federation: Nigeria: History commercially powerful, the Sokoto caliphate dominated the region throughout the 19th century. Precolonial history of the Forest and Coast nigeria’s oldest http://www.nigerianembassy.ru/Nigeria/history.htm

Welcome Address The Ambassador The Staff The Foreign Ministry ... Other sites Site Navigator Embassy Consular Affairs Business Forum Nigeria ... Links Quick Navigator Nigeria Profile Geography History Government Economy Iron and Steel Solid Minerals ... Tourism Nigeria: History Historical overview People have lived in what is now known as Nigeria since at least 9000 BC, and evidence indicates that since at least 5000 BC some of them have practised settled agriculture. In the early centuries AD, powerful kingdoms emerged in the drier, northern savanna, prospering from trade ties with North Africa. At roughly the same time, the wetter, southern forested areas yielded city-states and looser federations sustained by agriculture and coastal trade. These systems changed radically with the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th century, the rise of the slave trade from the 16th through the 19th century, and formal colonization by Britain at the end of 19th century. In precolonial times, the Niger area (present day Nigeria) was home to several kingdoms and tribal communities; in spite of European contact that began in the 16th century, they maintained their autonomy until the 19th century. The colonial era began in earnest in the late 19th century, when Britain consolidated its rule over Nigeria. In 1914 the British merged their northern and southern protectorates into a single state called the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria became independent of British rule in 1960. Precolonial History of the Savanna

79. MISSIO IMMACULATAE: Missionary Page Of The Franciscans Of The Immaculate B. Precolonial history of the Forest and Coast. nigeria s oldest archaeological site lies in its forested region, at Iwo Elero near Akure in southwestern nigeria http://www.marymediatrix.com/mission/kb/kb15/2.shtml

FI MISSION IN NIGERIA List of Articles about Nigerian Mission FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Introduction History Land and Resources The People ... Culture and Arts FACTS AT A GLANCE Country name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Population: Ethnic groups: more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% Nationality: Nigerian Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10% Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population:57.1%

80. Untitled The cultural history of YorubaEdo region in nigeria has been the main focus of my research since 1990. The major theme of my research http://www.fiu.edu/~ogundira/

Akin Ogundiran Scroll down and double-click on the course title for the current syllabus Assistant Professor Department of History Florida International University DM 385B University Park Miami, FL 33199 Tel: 305-348-3191 Fax: 305-348-3561 Email: ogundira@fiu.edu I teach classes in the history, archaeology, and culture of Africa, and in comparative world civilizations. My research and teaching interests are interdisciplinary, intersecting the traditional boundaries of history, archaeology, and anthropology. Convinced that the historical experience of Africa is accessible from diverse sources, my pursuit of interdisciplinary approach to cultural historical analysis makes me aware of the many theatres in which history has been and is being produced, (re)enacted, and lived. Research I have conducted research in Nigeria (West Africa), Ethiopia (East Africa), and the United States. In these countries, I have collaborated (Ethiopia and U.S.A.) and initiated (Nigeria) projects on different aspects of African cultural history stretching as far back as 100 A.D. in the case of Aksumite Civilization in Ethiopia, 1200 A.D. for Yoruba Civilization in West Africa, and as recent as early 19th century in the case of urban African-American communities in Boston (USA). The cultural history of Yoruba-Edo region in Nigeria has been the main focus of my research since 1990. The major theme of my research is the articulation of local historical experience in regional and global contexts. I am interested in how historical communities, peoples, and cultural ecumenes responded to, manipulated, and became part of regional and global historical processes (e.g, the Atlantic economy). I am also interested in how the cultural institutions and daily lives of African societies have been transformed as a result of these global/regional encounters. Within the framework of globa/regional/local intersections, my archaeological-historical research has been drawn to topics such as migrations, inter-group relations, ethnogenesis, political formation, material culture, and origins and transformations of cultural institutions.

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