61. Atlas - Niger Map niger, history, Back to Top. During the Middle Ages the niger region was on thecentral caravan route from North Africa to the Hausa states and the empires of http://www.map.freegk.com/niger/niger.php

Introduction People History Culture ... Disputes Niger Introduction Back to Top Niger, Republic of (in French, République du Niger), landlocked republic, western Africa, bordered on the north by Algeria and Libya, on the east by Chad, on the south by Nigeria and Benin, and on the west by Burkina Faso and Mali. A former French colony, Niger achieved full independence on August 3, 1960. It has a total area of 1,267,000 sq km (489,191 sq mi). The capital of Niger is Niamey. Official Name- Republic of Niger Capital City -Niamey Languages -French (official), and local languages Official Currency- CFA Franc Religions -Muslim, traditional beliefs Population - 10,260,000 Land Area- 11,266,700 sq km (489,075 sq miles) Niger Provinces Back to Top 7 departments (departements, singular - departement), and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder. Niger People Back to Top The largest linguistic group is formed by the Hausa, whose language, also spoken in Nigeria, is one of the most important in western Africa. A large percentage of the inhabitants of Niger understand Hausa, which possesses an abundant literature that has been printed in Latin characters in Nigeria. Songhai is the second most important language; it is also spoken in Mali, in northern Burkina Faso, and in northern Benin. In Niger itself it is divided into various dialects, such as Songhai proper, Zerma, and Dendi. The language of the Fulani is Fulfulde; in Niger it has two dialects, eastern and western, the demarcation line between them running through the Boboye district. Tamashek is the language of the Tuareg, who often call themselves the Kel Tamagheq, or Tamashek speakers. The language is also spoken in Algeria and Mali and possesses its own writing, called tifinagh, which is in widespread use. Kanuri is spoken not only in Niger but also in Cameroon and Nigeria

62. You Found Niger Calling Cards Home Home Search niger calling cards. Directory. Guaranteed Loans and Credit Cards Any Credit history Directory » Loans Region » United States http://corporategiftshopping.com/search-niger_calling_cards.html

63. ICE Conflict Case NIGER Fights between nomads and sedentary peoples have occurred often in world history. Archeologistsworking in the Middle niger region of West Africa have come http://gurukul.ucc.american.edu/ted/ice/niger.htm

ICE Case Studies TED Conflict Studies Fulani and Zarma tribes pushed into fights by Desertification? CASE NUMBER: 29 CASE MNEMONIC: NIGER CASE NAME: Desertification in Niger CASE AUTHOR: Andrew H. Furber , June 1997 CASE BACKGROUND ENVIRONMENT ASPECT CONFLICT ASPECT ENVIRONMENT CONFLICT OVERLAP ... RELATED INFORMATION I. CASE BACKGROUND 1. Abstract Recent history of Africa is characterized by conflict. Since 1991, more that 15 African wars have included civil wars in Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad, Liberia, Angola, Mozambique, and South Africa; clan and faction warfare in Somalia; an invasion of Rwanda by armed exiles; ethnic and separatist insurrections in Uganda, Mauritania, Senegal and Morocco; and Tuareg revolts in Niger and Mali. The source of tension is not the same for all conflicts around the Sahara, but the following case suggests that desertification may have something to do with this problem in Niger. The following article will examine the Pulse Model as a historical explanation for tension in Niger, and elaborate on the issue of desertification. 2. Description

64. NDDC:The Niger Delta 1.4 The history of the niger Delta up to the infrastructure, including, the provisionof basic social services, has aggravated this situation in the region. http://www.nddconline.org/The_Niger_Delta/index.shtml

The Niger Delta Member States State Websites Photo Essay The Commission NDDC Act NDDC States Brief History The Board ... Financials Office of the Chairman MD/CEO ED Projects ED Finance ... Commissioners Your Section Call for Tenders Jobs! Jobs! Registrations NDDC Events ... FAQ THE NIGER DELTA : A BRIEF HISTORY The Niger Delta extends over an area of about 70,000 square kilometres and accounts for 7.5% of Nigeria’s land mass. Extending from Apoi to Bakassi, from Mashin creek to the Bight of Benin, it covers a coastline of 560 km, about two-thirds of the entire coast line of Nigeria. The Niger Delta is world's third largest wetland, coming after Holland and Mississipi. It consists of relatively small upland with the rest being riverine fresh and brackfish water mangrove swamp hemmed in by sandy coastal ridge barriers. The Niger Delta region traverses nine out of the 36 States making up the Federal republic of Nigeria. These are Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo and Rivers States. The estimated population of the region is about 20million comprising over forty different ethnic groups speaking 250 different dialects across about 3000 communities. The predominant occupation in the area are farming and fishing. Except for the oil sector, the industrial base is virtually none existent, the further one goes into the wetland.

65. International Conference On The Development Of The Niger Delta Region will, therefore, energise strategies, through which the planned regional developmentof the foreign participation in the development of the niger Delta, both http://www.nddconline.org/conference/

The Commission NDDC Act NDDC States Brief History The Board ... Financials Office of the Chairman MD/CEO ED Projects ED Finance ... Commissioners Your Section Call for Tenders Jobs! Jobs! Registrations NDDC Events ... FAQ In directing the NDDC to organise this international conference we have been mindful of the fact that therelative underdevelopment of the Niger Delta has caught the attention of the international community, mostly as a result of external publicity of efforts by individuals and groups seeking international intervention. International NGO's and organisation have made theirpresence felt here. ....The Conference will, therefore, energise strategies, through which the planned regional development of the NDDC will align business objectives with those of broad humandevelopment, by encouraging partnerships among communities, the private sector, donors, development agencies and NGOs. Above all, it is intended to attract foreign participation in the development of the Niger Delta, both in terms of strategies, investments andcollaboration. Speech Delivered by President Obasanjo at the opening of the International Conference and launching of NDDC - December 10 2001 Read the entire speech COMMUNIQUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGER DELTA REGION INVESTMENT PROMOTION GOVERNANCE ... SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS Browse in German Spanish French Italian Portuguese NIGER DELTA MASTERPLAN UP FOR DEBATE NDDC 2004 COMPUTER TRAINING PROGRAMME COMMENCES- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OUT GOVERNOR ODILI HAILS NDDC - HANDS OVER NEW CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS NDDC SETS UP HIV/AIDS COMMITTEE ... Monarch, Community Lauds NDDC

66. Niger Profile of the Damagaroun region), but in 1927, the Colonial Administration decided totransfer its headquarters to Niamey. niger colonial history and development http://www.nigerembassyusa.org/profile.html

Niger Profile Official Name Republic of Niger Nationality Nigerien Flag 3 equal horizontal bands of orange, white, and green, with a small orange disk representing the sun in the center Location West Africa, bordered by Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria Area 490,000 sq. mi. Population 9.7 million (1999 World Bank estimate) Annual population growth Infant mortality rate 124.9 deaths/1000 live births Life expectancy 47 years Official language French Main national languages Hausa, Djerma, Fula, Tamashek Religions 85% Muslim, 15% Christian and animist Independence August 3, 1960 (former French colony) National holiday Republic Day, December 18 Capital Niamey Administrative Division 7 departments, 35 districts Form of government Republic, multiparty Presidential regime Head of State President Mamadou Tandja Motto Fraternity-Work-Progress Currency CFA franc (CFA 725 ~ $1) Climate Dry season October-June; rainy season June-October; cool November-February (10 degrees C), hot March-May (44 degrees C) Mineral resources Uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum

67. Expedia.co.uk Travel Guide Hotels Flights And Car Hire To Niger niger, history and Government history Evidence of human settlement in the regionnow known as niger goes back 6000 years, when what was then a highly fertile http://www.expedia.co.uk/daily/wg/P42576.asp

Please activate scripting Scripting must be enabled before you can continue. To enable scripting, you need to make a simple adjustment to your browser settings. Click here if you need more help with your browser. After you have enabled scripting refresh this page.

68. Basic Reference Tools In Islamic Art & Architecture - Fine Arts Library Web Site of Egypt with a brief note on each monument, describing its history and architectural Catalogueof adobe mosques in the niger River region of West Africa http://hcl.harvard.edu/finearts/islamicreference/refregion.html

TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1: Basic Reference Tools Part 2: Basic Reference Tools (By Region) Islamic Art of Central Asia Islamic Art of South Asia Persian Art Turkish and Ottoman Art ... Islamic Cultures of South-East Asia Part 3: Specialized Reference Assistance in Islamic/Middle Eastern Subjects at Harvard Bibliographer Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture riedlmay@fas.harvard.edu Printer-friendly versions: HTML Acrobat PDF Part 2: BASIC REFERENCE TOOLS BY REGION This guide presents a selection of the most useful reference tools for the study of the art and architecture of the Islamic world. All entries include Harvard library call numbers and/or links to on-line resources; most are annotated. For specialized reference assistance, please contact the appropriate subject specialists in Islamic and Middle Eastern studies in the Harvard libraries For convenience, the Reference Guide has been divided into two sections. This second section includes bibliographies organized by geographic or cultural region (e.g. Central Asia; Iran; Egypt; Islamic Spain, etc.).

69. Republic Of Niger The climate of niger is hot, and in most areas 600 mm north of Niamey, in the Sahelregion. After a highly unstable political history, the national conference http://www.ciesin.org/decentralization/English/CaseStudies/niger_e.html

site index main page CaseStudies Contributor: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Contact: Jean Bonnal Republic of Niger The terms and data used in this publication are in no way an indication of the authors' position relating to the legal status of the countries, territories, cities, or zones mentioned, or of their authorities or borders. A. General Country Data Surface Area 1,266,700 sq. km Population (millions) Population Growth Urban Population Density (1995) 7 inh/sq. km GDP (1994) Billions US $2.37 GDP per Capita US $285 Currency CFA Franc National Budget 26% of GDP Human Development Indicator HDI Ranking (out of 174 countries) Borders, Topography and Climate Situated in the heart of West Africa, Niger is bordered by Algeria and Libya on the north, Chad on the east, Nigeria on the south, Benin and Burkina Faso on the southwest, and Mali on the west. The country can be roughly divided into three zones : the north, center, and the south. The northern zone, covering about two thirds of the surface area, is located within the Sahara. It is an elevated region formed by plateaus and mountains, and with the exception of some isolated oasis, vegetation is rare. The center is part of the Sahel (the Ténéré region). It is a semi-arid region with few trees. The south is the only fertile and wooded region and where it rains enough for food crop farming without irrigation. The southwest is characterized by periodic floods of the River Niger. The climate of Niger is hot, and in most areas, dry and annual precipitation hardly reaches 160 mm, During the two or three months of the rainy season (July-September), it reaches 600 mm north of Niamey, in the Sahel region. In the south, the humid season lasts from June to October and annual rainfall can exceed 800 mm. The annual average temperature in Niamey is 29 degrees centigrade.

70. Catholic Bishops Conference Of Nigeria - A Brief History Of The Catholic Church The Catholic Church in nigeria A brief history. and negative influence of slaveswho assumed power in the niger Delta in the evangelisation of the region. http://www.cbcn.org/aspscripts/page1.ASP

Home Catholic Secretariat A brief History of the Church News/Events ... Email June 10, 2004 A B R I E F H I S T O R Y O F T H E C H U R C H The Catholic Church in Nigeria - A brief history The Initial Contact with Christian Mission - 15th to 18 th century The first wave of contact our people had with Christians and missionaries under the protection of Portugal was between the 15 th and 18 th th century were confessing Christians. A son of such a ruler was even sent to train as a priest in Portugal as the Portuguese felt that Africans might be the best missionaries to themselves. Despite the close connection between trade and mission work at this time, a lot of heroism was noted on the part of missionaries and Nigerian Christians. The evils of the society between the 16 th and 18 th From the 19 th to the 20 th centuries: The second wave of mission in the 19 th century West African sub-region started with the Protestants. The sheer burden of this missionary work lay with the liberated slaves and lay men and women of the West African region. In the region of Nigeria Yoruba liberated slaves were the most enterprising both in trade and in spreading Christianity. Henry Townsend and Ajai Crowther stand out clearly, as missionaries of no mean stature in the western, Niger and delta areas of Nigeria. The church they founded, made up initially of liberated slaves, later included the indigenes of the southern Nigeria area. Similar to the first wave of evangelisation from the 16

71. General Information On Niger of the Damagaroun region). But in 1927, the Colonial Administration decided totransfer its headquarters to Niamey. niger colonial history and development http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/niger_info.html

General Information on Niger LAND AREA: 1.267.000 Sq Km = 490.000 sq m; (Texas + California + Michigan). As crossroads country between North Africa and Black Africa, Niger is bordered by Algeria, Libya, Malit Burkina Faso, Benin, Nigeria and Tchad. POPULATION: 7.251.626 Inhabitants Capital City: Niamey (400.000 inhahitants). Principal towns: Zinder, Maradi, Tahoua, Dosso,Agadez, Diffa, Arlit. FEATURES: Young population=(70% are less than 40 years old) School enrollment = 22%, Adult literary rate = 12% Ethnic groups = Hausa, Djerma-Songhai, Fulani, Tamajaq, Kanuri OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: French; Hausa spoken by 70% of the population GDP: 2,370 Billion US $ GDP growth rate = 3,8% GDP per capita = 310 US$ (1992) LABOR FORCE: 85% of the population is engaged in agriculture livestock. Modern sector labor force = 47,730 (1988). (total persons in the social security system). MINING: (In 1992, fourth productor in the World after Uranium Canada Australia and USA) Phosphate - two main deposits with one in Tapoa.

72. Travel To History Niger - Detailed Travel Information And More About History Nig .. Home/Country Guide/ Africa /niger. niger. history and Government.history Evidence of human settlement in the region http http://www.traveling-cheap.com/directory/Niger/history_niger/page2.html

Check-In: January February March April May June July August September October November December Check out: January February March April May June July August September October November December City: Flights Hotels Cars Vacation Packages ... Maps Airline Specials US Carriers Air Grand Canyon Air Sunshine Air Wisconsin Airlines Alaska Airlines ... World Airways Canadian Carriers Air Canada Air Inuit Canadian North Central Mountain Air ... West Jet French Carriers Air France German Carriers Deutsche Lufthansa AG British Carriers British Airways KLM UK Ltd ... Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd Australian Carriers Airnorth Ansett Norfolk Jet Qantas Airways Ltd ... Virgin Blue Airline Japanese Carriers All Nipon Airways JL Japan Airlines Malasian Carriers Malaysia Airlines Singaporian Carriers Singapore Airlines Indian Carriers Air-India Ltd Indian Airlines Jet Airways Ltd Sahara Airlines Ltd Irish Carriers RyanAir Niger > history niger Click here for history niger Travel Deals It's easy to find the best hotels, airfare, rental cars and more. Our powerful new search engine returns vacation deals directly to you. http://www.cheapairlines.com

73. The Nigerian Embassy, Moscow, Russian Federation: Nigeria: History In precolonial times, the niger area (present day the Sokoto caliphate dominatedthe region throughout the Precolonial history of the Forest and Coast nigeria http://www.nigerianembassy.ru/Nigeria/history.htm

Welcome Address The Ambassador The Staff The Foreign Ministry ... Other sites Site Navigator Embassy Consular Affairs Business Forum Nigeria ... Links Quick Navigator Nigeria Profile Geography History Government Economy Iron and Steel Solid Minerals ... Tourism Nigeria: History Historical overview People have lived in what is now known as Nigeria since at least 9000 BC, and evidence indicates that since at least 5000 BC some of them have practised settled agriculture. In the early centuries AD, powerful kingdoms emerged in the drier, northern savanna, prospering from trade ties with North Africa. At roughly the same time, the wetter, southern forested areas yielded city-states and looser federations sustained by agriculture and coastal trade. These systems changed radically with the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th century, the rise of the slave trade from the 16th through the 19th century, and formal colonization by Britain at the end of 19th century. In precolonial times, the Niger area (present day Nigeria) was home to several kingdoms and tribal communities; in spite of European contact that began in the 16th century, they maintained their autonomy until the 19th century. The colonial era began in earnest in the late 19th century, when Britain consolidated its rule over Nigeria. In 1914 the British merged their northern and southern protectorates into a single state called the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria became independent of British rule in 1960. Precolonial History of the Savanna

74. HISTORY OF MOROCCO Since the beginning of history there have been Berbers in North Africa end they hadbeen flowing into Morocco from somewhere in the region of the niger river http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/generalities/history/history.html

HISTORY OF MOROCCO Historical Summary Since the beginning of history there have been Berbers in North Africa end they were already well established when the Phoenicians made their first incursions in 1200 BC. Their origins are uncertain but thought to be Euro-Asiatic, The generic name Berbers, was imposed on them by the Arabs meaning those who were not Arabs. Sanhaja, Masmoda, and Zenata are the three tribes constituting the Berbers The Sanhaja , from which sprang the Almoravide dynasty (the founders of Marrakesh) were nomads who in the 11C conquered the desert and much of the region to the south of it for Islam; the Masmouda were quiet farming people who lived in the north and west and in the High and Anti Atlas mountains and it was they who gave rise (from out Tin Mal , S of Marrakesh to the Almohade Dynasty which displaced the Almoravides; the Zenata a sub-group of which the - Beni Marin- swept in from the empty region between the Tafilalet and Algeria to become the great Merinide dynasty, were tough, horse-riding nomads of the cold high plateaux of the interior. Joined to the Arabs only by Islam, the Berhers have always held themselves proudly separate in all other matters, especially in the rural and mountain areas. There is no standard form of Berber language since each tribal group has always used its own version, and there is no recognized Berber script or literature. Their strongest form of self-expression is music and dancing, which is rhythmic but with little harmony, compelling, loud and often quite intoxicating.

75. Fathom :: The Source For Online Learning tropical interior to the coast (the niger, Congo, Zambezi and even internally dividedfor most of its history. CE by the introduction of camels into the region. http://www.fathom.com/feature/122619/

Media Index By Learning Center Jewish Studies Exploring Biodiversity Locating the Victorians Shakespeare Women's Studies African American Studies September 11 The World of the Pyramids Exploring the Deep Ocean Discovering Mammals By Institution American Film Institute British Library British Museum Cambridge University Press Columbia University London School of Economics Natural History Museum New York Public Library RAND Science Museum University of Chicago University of Michigan Museum Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Mapping Africa: Problems of Regional Definition and Colonial/National Boundaries EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION frica is perhaps the most "mapped" of the world's major regions. Back in my school days during the 1940s and 1950s, the continent was studied only in geography classes. If it appeared at all in studies of history or politics, the central issue was colonialism, which again involved maps of the boundaries which European powers had drawn between the territories they carved out for themselves. Once African Studies came into maturity as a study of developments within indigenous societies and cultures, there was an understandable hostility to maps as external impositions. Nonetheless, cartography is essential to grasping both the forces within Africa and the constraintsboth natural and politicalwhich continue to place this region at a disadvantage in the global order. More specifically, maps can help us understand three major issues in the history of Africa: first, the physical and ecological factors which define this continent both internally and in relationship to the outside world; secondly, indigenous representations of space in the precolonial era, which provide a basis for putting more recent Western cartography into perspective; and, finally, colonial boundaries, which represent both European interventions in Africa and the continuing cartography of postcolonial development.

76. ReliefWeb: Unprecedented Health Initiative Crosses Borders To Vaccinate 70 Milli Niamey, niger Leaders from West and Central Africa have launchedthe largest public health initiative in the region s history. http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/0/a5186ea5bc13d4b1c125697a002dfd7e?OpenDocume

77. Niger Delta 'awash' With Guns News24 s feature highlights the history on this date. in August, a disagreement betweenIjaw communities in the same niger Delta region had resulted in http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/Features/0,,2-11-37_1429801,00.html

Open net Portugal is still in the dark on how huge its economic score will be from the Euro 2004 soccer finals. Kill Bill Vol II A vengeful bride, a bouncer at a strip club, and a one-eyed assassin - get the low-down on what to expect from this flick. My home page FAQs on Sign Me In News sections Africa : Features SEARCH NEWS24 Homepage Africa News Features ... Backpage Special Reports 2010 World Cup Democracy 10 Aids Focus Zimbabwe ... More Weather Cape Town Durban Johannesburg Click ... for more Lottery Numbers Lotto: Lotto Plus: UK Lottery: Click on numbers for more Horoscopes Select starsign: Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn Aquarius Pisces Afrikaans Beeld Die Burger Volksblad Rapport ... Streekkoerante Partners Natal Witness City Press Finance Week Carte Blanche ... Community 14/10/2003 15:12 -(SA) Print article email story When efforts to get one or the other to move his event to another date failed, their rival supporters engaged in a shootout, using automatic rifles that included AK-47s. Three people died. Earlier in August, a disagreement between Ijaw communities in the same Niger Delta region had resulted in gunmen from Ogbodobiri and Oboro raiding the Ekeremor community, razing scores of buildings and shooting dead at least 10 people.

78. Africa Book Centre Ltd General Africa, particularly on the Songhay empire of the niger river region and on WESTAFRICA An Introduction to its history, Civilization and Contemporary http://www.africabookcentre.com/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_General_82.html

var actinic_ignored = true; actinic_ignored = false; document.write(getCartItem(3)); document.write(getCartItem(1)); Quick search Online Catalogue West Africa General 2002 paperback Our Price: LE CHANT DE SO 2001 DELAY paperback Our Price: 1999 Paperback Our Price: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN A WEST AFRICAN SOCIETY 2001 Paperback Our Price: 2003 Paperback Our Price: 2001 paperback Our Price: 2001 Paperback Our Price: 1987 LIMITED SUPPLY paperback Our Price: 2002 Paperback Our Price: ETHNOTHEORIES ABOUT BREASTFEEDING AND MOTHER INFANT INTERACTION 2003 Paperback Our Price: Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century 2003 Paperback Our Price: 2000 hardback Our Price: Our Price: Our Price: HISTORY OF WEST AFRICA 2003 Hardback Our Price: 2001 Paperback Our Price: 2002 Paperback Our Price: 2001 paperback Our Price: 2001 paperback Our Price: 2002 Paperback Our Price: SOMONO BALA OF THE UPPER NIGER 2001 DELAY paperback Our Price: TIMBUKTU AND THE SONGHAY EMPIRE 2003 Paperback Our Price: 2002 Paperback Our Price: 2002 paperback Our Price: 2002 Paperback Our Price: 2002 Paperback Our Price: Online Catalogue West Africa General

79. ABC Books glass beads and iron metallurgy across the region; and the interests in African archaeologyor the history of East the Brass and Nun Rivers of The niger Delta. http://www.africanbookscollective.com/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_Archaeology___Pr

ABC Books Projects Customer Services About Us Titles are sorted into publication date order Up Catalogue Information Search ... Online Catalogue Price: -top- The Bead is Constant Alexandra Wilson Price: -top- Southern Africa and the Swahili World Price: -top- Ebiegberi Joe Alagoa Price: -top- Price: -top- Price: -top- Aspects of African Archaelogy Price:

80. Nigeria - The Southern Area the Yoruba had a strong sense of ethnic identity and of region, history, and leadership inthe southeast and spoke a Kwa language of the nigerCongo family. http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9377.html

Country Listing Nigeria Table of Contents Nigeria The Southern Area Village elder from Gusau in highlands of eastern Nigeria Courtesy World Bank (Josef Hadad) In general, the southern groups of peoples have a fragmented quality. In 1990 the two most important groupings were the Igbo and the Yorubaboth linguistic communities rather than single ethnic units. History, language, and membership in the modern nation-state, however, had led to their identity as ethnic groups. In addition, although not as clearly differentiated, two subunits had strong traditions of ethnic separateness. These were the peoples of the Niger River delta area and those on the border between the Igbo and Yoruba. The Yoruba kingdoms were essentially unstable, even when defended by Portuguese guns and later by cavalry (in Ilorin and Kabba), because the central government had insufficient power constitutionally or militarily to stabilize the subordinate chiefs in the outlying centers. This fissiparous tendency has governed Yoruba contemporary history and has weakened traditional rulers and strengthened the hands of local chiefs and elected councils. Ilorin, like Nupe to the north, was an exception, an extension of Fulani imperial expansion; in 1990 it was ethnically Yoruba, yet more closely allied through its traditional rulers to the Islamic societies to the north. It thus formed a bridge between north and south. Migration of Fulani people in northern Nigeria Courtesy Embassy of Nigeria, Washington

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 4     61-80 of 94    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20