21. Swest navajo, Pueblo, Zuni. Some tribes spoke their own languages, had their own religious customs, and laws they followed. Most of the Southwest native americans http://inkido.indiana.edu/w310work/romac/swest.htm

SOUTHWEST NATIVE AMERICANS The Southwest Native Americans come from the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Southern Colorado, and the northern part of Mexico. Most of the land is desert covered with cactus. The main tribes that come from the Southwest area are the Apache Hopi Navajo Pueblo ... Zuni . Some tribes spoke their own languages, had their own religious customs, and laws they followed. Most of the Southwest Native Americans became farmers and lived in villages. The Southwest Native Americans believe in that the 4 th world is sacred. They believe the first people created in the cave below the surface of the earth climbed through two more caves with creatures until they reached the surface. They climbed through the hole called sipapu which is the hole humans were born from. Art Food Religion Children ... Homepage created on April 15, 1998 edited on April 22, 1998 by Pam Eck, IUPUI

22. Indian Health Service : Native American Resources Wayne Leman navajo Language Program Tsalagi Language Text ~ Cherokee ^up. Lists of Links ~ Other native Resouces. The Center Pole native American indians by Gail http://www.ihs.gov/generalweb/links/americanindian/index.asp

Search Our Site For: Advanced Search by HOME ABOUT I H S SITE MAP HELP New! Official Site of the Blackfeet Nation Personal and Professional Development ~ Northern Arizona Univ. Onieda Nation of Wisconsin American Indian Learning Resource Center National Indian Council on Aging Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma ... Ani Gasaguali ~ People of the Circle Cal Nez Design Legislative Impact Lytton Band of Pomo Indians American Indian Radio on Satellite (AIROS) ... Native Shop Contents Art Education Genealogy Government ... Storytelling If you'd like to submit a URL, report a dead link or just comment on this site, feel free to drop me a note Categories Art Native American Indian Art maintained by Paula Giese RT Computer Graphics AXIOM Financial Management Minorities Job Bank Native American Village National Center for American Indian Enterprise Development Northern California Indian Development Council Education American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC) American Indian Institute (Univ. of Oklahoma) Blackfeet Community College Native American Connection ~ Mark Franco (Cal State Univ. - Chico) Native Child Headstart Educational Material National Indian Education Association The PhD Project Doctorate Opportunities for Minorities St. Michael Indian School

23. Native Americans -  American Indians, The First People Of America. History Of N Tribute To A Hero. Listen to the Legend of the White Buffalo. native americans Who Received the Nations Highest Honor The Congressional Medal of Honor http://www.nativeamericans.com/

Tribute To A Hero Lt. John F. Kennedy receives the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps medal for heroic conduct from Capt. Frederic L. Conklin June 12, 1944. JFK used his father's connections to get assigned to active duty. Says Dallek, "He was determined to get into combat. It was part of the culture at the time, patriotism. But he was heroic in doing that." Listen to the Legend of the White Buffalo Where Will Our Children Live... A lonesome warrior stands in fear of what the future brings, he will never hear the beating drums or the songs his brothers sing. Our many nations once stood tall and ranged from shore to shore but most are gone and few remain and the buffalo roam no more. We shared our food and our land and gave with open hearts

24. Navajo Native Americans Of The Great Basin Desert - DesertUSA The navajo Nation (population 200 000) and navajo reservation (28 000 square miles) are the largest in the United States. The navajo (Dine') Reservation is in the Great Basin Desert region on the http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_navajo.html

Native American: THE NAVAJO PEOPLE The Navajo Nation (population 200,000) and Navajo reservation (28,000 square miles) are the largest in the United States. The Navajo (Dine') Reservation is in the Great Basin Desert region on the Colorado Plateau and occupies most of the northeastern portion of Arizona, extends into northwest New Mexico and a southern strip of Utah. The Navajo and Apache peoples are recent arrivals (sometime after A.D. 1000) into the Plains and Southwest; originating in the Far North/Subarctic. These people adapted well to the desert environs, with the Navajo employing hunting and gathering, farming (CBS) and sheepherding. The Navajo learned pottery and weaving from the Pueblos, but adapted sheep's wool to weaving and refined the art by creating large, spectacular blankets. Navajo jewelers are also some of the most renowned in the Southwest. During World War II, the Navajo language was one of the Native American languages used to create cryptographic codes that were never broken. Steve Crouthamel For more details on there history click here Northwestern New Mexico's pueblitos a Navajo legacy The Athapaskan Speakers 1 The Athapaskan Speakers 2 ... Feedback

25. WWWVL: American Indians - Cultural Resources indians. Index of native American Cultural Resources on Life on the navajo Nation Among the navajo People Bristol Bay native Corporation. Cabazon Band of Mission indians (Official http://www.hanksville.org/NAresources/indices/NAculture.html

WWW Virtual Library - American Indians Index of Native American Cultural Resources on the Internet F requently A sked ... uestions for this site This document must be read before sending any email! Search this site The Poster store has been updated to include notecards having Northwest Coast designs and prints of Edward Curtis photographs transfered to canvas. Contribute to the John Kerry Campaign! using your Amazon.com account. Since January 23, over $65000 has been raised through small contributions (an average of about $44) to help John Kerry defeat George Bush in November. You can help too. HIGH VIRUS ALERT - 'Mydoom' Worm Save $5 on McAfee Personal Firewall Plus Multi-Cultural Sites A Line In The Sand , issues of cultural property and cultural sensitivity Assembly of First Nations Center For World Indigenous Studies Fourth World Documentation Project: Indigenous Peoples' Information for the Online Community ... American Indian Art and Ethnographica Magazine Tribe/Nation Sites United States Iroquois Confederacy [Including Canada] Akwesasne Notes Haudenosaunee Lacrosse: An Iroquois Tradition Mohawk Council of Kahnawake ... Six Nations of the Grand River [Missing 5/21/04] Updated Six Nations: Oldest Living Participatory Democracy on Earth St. Regis Mohawk Tribe Environment Division

26. Religious Movements Homepage: Native American Religion navajo Religion, in Mircea Eliade, ed., The Encyclopedia of Was Theirs A Study of the North American Indian. Listening to native americans Making Peace http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/naspirit.html

Native American Spirituality Profile Beliefs Groups Native Americans and Christianity ... Bibliography I. Profile The diversity of American Indian tribes precludes a comprehensive examination of their religions and their belief systems. Anthropologists have compiled a huge trove of information detailing practices and beliefs of many different groups; this information remains isolated from popular culture. While there is a proliferation of popularized versions of Native American spirituality, these are often not the products of the tribes or their members. The beliefs and practices of many groups are sectarian derivatives of other native groups, and there is also a significant infusion of Christianity, and more recently, New Age beliefs and practices permeating these traditional beliefs. The origins of contemporary Native American religion, and that of their recent ancestors, can be traced back 30,000 to 60,000 years with the arrival of the first groups of people from northeast Asia. The religion of Native Americans has developed from the hunting taboos, animal ceremonialism, beliefs in spirits, and shamanism embraced by those early ancestors (Hultkrantz, 3, 12). Since these peoples settled in America slowly and in small groups over several thousand years, we still lack precise immigration knowledge. Beyond the directly inherited traditional Native American religions, a wide body of modified sects abounds. The Native American Church claims a membership of 250,000, which would constitute the largest of the Native American religious organizations. Though the church traces the sacramental use of the peyote cactus back ten thousand years, the Native American Church was only founded in 1918. Well into the reservation era, this organization was achieved with the help of a Smithsonian Institute anthropologist. The church incorporates generic Native American religious rites, Christianity, and the use of the peyote plant. The modern peyote ritual is comprised of four parts: praying, singing, eating peyote, and quietly contemplating (Smith, 167-173; Anderson, 41).

27. Diabetes In American Indians And Alaska Natives kidney disease) were seen in Alaska native, Cherokee, Chippewa, navajo, Oklahoma, Pima was a leading cause of death among Pima indians with diabetes. 14. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/americanindian/

Email To A Friend Home Diabetes A-Z List of Topics and Titles : Diabetes in American Indians and Alaska Natives Diabetes in American Indians and Alaska Natives On this page: What Is Diabetes? How Many American Indians and Alaska Natives Have Diabetes? What Risk Factors Increase the Chance That American Indians and Alaska Natives Will Develop Type 2 Diabetes? How Does Diabetes Affect American Indian and Alaska Native Women During Pregnancy? ... References Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious health challenges facing American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States today. The disease is very common in many tribes, and morbidity and mortality from diabetes can be severe. This population includes all people who derive their origins from any of the original peoples of North America and who continue to maintain cultural identification through tribal affiliations or community recognition. Great diversity in culture, language, location, lifestyles, and genetic heritage exists among American Indians and Alaska Natives. More than 500 Native American tribal organizations, with many differences in language and culture, exist in the United States. In 1990, the U.S. Bureau of the Census used self-identification to classify people as part of this group. The American Indian and Alaska Native population was estimated at about 2 million.

28. Indian Jewelry, Concho Belts, Bolo Ties And Native American Pottery From The Nav We ve known and worked with experienced navajo, Zuni and Our Indian jewelry is made from the finest sterling item we offer is made by native americans from the http://www.navajoshop.com/

Enjoy the Look and Feel of the American West with Authentic Hand-Crafted Native American Jewelry We've known and worked with experienced Navajo, Zuni and Acoma artists for years. Our Indian jewelry is made from the finest sterling silver, turquoise and other natural materials. You'll also enjoy the convenience of shopping directly on our secure server. We guarantee that each item we offer is made by Native Americans from the Southwestern United States. Join us at the Indian Capital of the World in Northwestern New Mexico Please select one of the following buttons: About the Navajo Shopping Center Purchasing Authentic Native American Jewelry Information for Wholesalers How to Use Our Online Shopping Cart Please take your time and explore our site to find the exact accessory that will complement your style. Don't hesitate to call or email us, because we enjoy answering your questions. Every object in our inventory combines expression with tradition, as sterling silver surrounds fine semi-precious stones, including turquoise, onyx, denim lapis and lapis. You'll also find stunning Native American designs in coral, pink shell and other natural materials, all crafted by artists inspired by the mysteries of shape, color and texture in dramatic land around them.

29. Immigration...Native American: Destroying Cultures its first native American reservation and the policy of dealing with each tribe as an independent nation. 1864, Thousands of navajo indians endure “Long Walk http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/native_american.html

Destroying the Native American Cultures Map Collections, 1500-2003 Today, people see the policies of the past with 21st century eyes. One might wonder how the nation's indigenous population became "inferior" cultures in their own land, or how a nation could have committed such atrocities in the name of "progress". One might question whether it is acceptable to make national decisions without involving in the decision making process those who will be most drastically affected. Ohio land cessions Map Collections, 1500-2003 In 1786, the United States established its first Native American reservation and approached each tribe as an independent nation. This policy remained intact for more than one hundred years. But as President James Monroe noted in his second inaugural address Removing Native Americans from their Land Civil War Years Civilizing the Native American ... Custer's Last Stand ... Aftermath

30. INDIAN SCHOOLS - INTRODUCTION 24, 1926 Pueblo Day Schools (Pueblo and navajo indians). Reading list for more information on Indian Schools. Back to Tawodi s native American Genealogy Links. http://members.aol.com/tawodi/carlisle/intro.html

The Education of Native Americans Mary Crow Dog, author of LAKOTA WOMAN , tells of BIA agents barging into the homes of the Sioux Indians and dragging children away from their families in order to assimilate them into "white society." She described the taking of those children to the boarding schools as "kidnapping." At the boarding schools, the children were forced to cut their hair, kept away from their families, sometimes were told their families were dead or didn t want them anymore and often abused both mentally and physically. In her book, she describes the schools as, "sterile, cold atmosphere, an unfamiliar routine, language problems, and above all the maza-skan-skan, that damn clock white man's time as opposed to Indian time, which is natural time." (p. 29). One of the saddest chapters in Native American history has to be these children who were forcibly removed from their homes and families to attend boarding schools. Many times, Indian children died at these schools - from diseases they had no natural immunity to, from homesickness and other factors. There are hundreds of graves, over 250 at Carlisle alone, of these children who suffered and died alone and lonely, far from all that was familiar to them, remembered only by those friends and family who mourned their loss. The children who survived the training were no better off - and in some cases worse off - than those who escaped the forced schooling. They often found themselves unwelcome in white society in spite of their painful acculterization process, and sometimes returned to their tribes to find they were no longer accepted there either.

31. Research Starters: Anasazi And Pueblo Indians Gallup, New Mexico — native American, Indian, navajo, Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, Laguna, Southwest, Route 66 http//www.gallupnm.org/ Focuses on Gallup s rich native http://teacher.scholastic.com/researchtools/researchstarters/native_am/

Scholastic Home About Us Site Map Search ... Customer Service adobe A building material made of straw and sun-dried earth or clay, adobe was also formed into bricks. Anasazi Meaning "the ancient ones," this name derives from a Navajo Indian word. hunter-gatherers People that lived by hunting for animals and gathering naturally existing edible plants, rather than by growing crops. mesa A flat-topped elevation rising from the Southwestern desert, with nearly vertical sides. nomadic Refers to people with no fixed settlement, who wander a region usually following food supplies or weather patterns. Pueblo (Spanish for "town") The name refers to the village-dwellings of these Indian people. sedentary Living a settled existence, with permanent community institutions such as buildings of some type. Here are some topics to explore that relate to the Anasazi and Pueblo Indians. Looking at the articles, images, and other materials in this Research Starter may give you more ideas. Each topic has one or more articles to start you on your research, but remember that it takes more than one article to make a research paper. Continue your research with our list of articles below. Anasazi history as conveyed by national monuments, parks, and historic sites.

32. Southwestern Jewelry Handcrafted By Native American Indians. All of our sterling silver native American jewelry, Indian artifacts, navajo pottery and navajo dolls are authentic and purchased exclusively from members of http://southwestaffinity.com/

Sterling Silver Free shipping, 100% satisfaction guarantee, secure online ordering Native American Southwestern Jewelry and Indian Artifacts I received my order today, and I am so pleased with the quality of your beautiful Native American handcrafted jewelry. The package came so quickly, and your prices are very reasonable. I know I will order from your website again. Thanks so much, Alice Barwick More testimonaials Click for sales! Product Links: Southwestern Indian Artifacts Beaded Jewelry Belt Buckles Bolo Ties ... Western Art Native American jewelry by featured silversmiths: Southwestern jewelry by Native American, Cherokee,

33. Native Americans The languages of the Choctaw and the navajo peoples were and music used in traditional native American Powwow treaties by year with various Indian Tribes and http://killeenroos.com/link/amind.html

Native Americans back to social studies link index Tribal Websites Animal Legends and Symbols Animals played an important part in Native American tradition. This site shows you some of those animals and offers examples of their symbolic meanings. American Indian Law This page is designed for Indian law practitioners, Tribes or tribal members, law students, and anyone interested in Indian law. Features of this site include a list of the best law schools for Indian law, links to researching Indian law issues, and links of organizations related to Indian law. American Indian Resources American Indian Web page American Indians and the Natural World Through exploration of four different visions of living in and with the natural worldthose of the Tlingit of the Northwest Coast, the Hopi of the southwest, the Iroquois of the Northeast, and the Lakota of the PlainsNorth, South, East, West: American Indians and the Natural World examines the belief systems, philosophies, and practical knowledge that guide Indian peoples' interactions with the natural world. Though all of these peoples have chosen different pathways and strategies for making a life in their various environments, one similar concept is voiced by allthat a reciprocal connection exists between people and the rest of the world. Authors - Native American First Nations Histories excellent data about many different tribes. Author proposes to add more tribes - as many as 200.

34. American Indian History Resources A Review 1996); Tituba Reluctant Witch of Salem Devilish indians and Puritan native American Code Talkers The Choctaw, Comanche and navajo in World http://cobalt.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp/~krkvls/history.html

General 1990 Census: Tribal Populations Native American History and Culture Code Talk Code Talk is a federal inter-agency Native American website that provides information for Native American communities. Code Talk is hosted by the U.S. Department of Housing and A Line in the Sand Cultural Property: The protection of the tangible and non-tangible. Cultural property belongs to the group rather than to an individual. As an individual has the right to control use of her/his property, the cultural group has that same right. Urban Development, Office of Native American Programs. American Indian Movement (AIM) The American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz 1969-1971 and The FBI Files on the American Indian Movement and Wounded Knee History of the American West 1860-1920, Libaray of Congress, American Memory Library

35. American Indian Education Resources Dine Language and Culture in navajo Schools Voices a Protective Factor Among native americans The Survey Salt River PimaMaricopa Indian Community Bilingual http://cobalt.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp/~krkvls/edu.html

General American Indian Education Accountability, Curriculum, Professional Development, Students, Family-Community, Programs, Resources American Indian Higher Education Consortium A Bibiliography of American Indian and Alaska Native Education Resources Beyond Cultural Discontinuity Dropout Rates among American Indian and Alaska Native Students "Both Indians and Students" M. Ambler From The Tribal College Journal - 1997 Bilingual Education Policy and the Empowerment of American Indian Communities Teresa L. McCarty. From The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, 1994 Center for Indian Education Arizona State University Center for American Indian Research and Education Berkeley, California "Changes in American Indian Education: A Historical Retrospective for Teachers in the United States" J. Reyhner (1989) Cradleboard Teaching Project "The Cradleboard Teaching Project turns on the lights in public education about Native American culture - past, present, and most important for the children - the Future. It comes out of Indian country, and reaches far beyond, into the mainstream classroom and into the future of education. " A Critical Bibliography on North American Indians Smithsonian Institution: "Images of Native Americans are all around us. They appear in movies, television, books, and sports; are used as symbols and logos for tires, butter, the environment, carpeting, and automobiles; and show up at different times of year as Halloween costumes, in Boy Scout and Campfire Girl rituals, and as guests at Thanksgiving feasts. Few of these images have any basis in reality, drawn as they are from one of the most closely held beliefs of American mythology. Indeed, even Indians themselves sometimes have a difficult time separating the reality of their lives as human beings from the fantasy expected of them by the rest of America. "

36. Native American Indian Heritage Month Army Brat Spreads Word About Her Indian Culture in President in a Ceremony Honoring the navajo Code Talkers Today, America honors 21 native americans who, in a http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/nativeamerican01/inner.html

President's Proclamation American Indian Medal of Honor Recipients American Indian Participation in the United States Military Native American Women Veterans ... American Indians in World War II Native Americans in the Korean War Indian Health Service Bureau of Indian Affairs National Park Service Native American History and Culture Delicious Foods and Recipes from Native American Indian Tribes Code Talkers Use of the Native Indian Tongue for Secure Communications Honorable Ben Nighthorse Campbell, U.S. Senator John Bennett Herrington Lieutenant Commander, USN: 1st American Indian Astronaut Security and Privacy Apache Scout William Major with an officer of the 25th Infantry in the 1930s. Apache Scout Kessay mounted on the parade field, in the early 1940s.

37. Wheat Law Library navajo Nation District Courts, and navajo Nation Family CS); Interior Board of Indian Appeals (FNAMIBIA); West Legal Directory - native americans (WLD-NAM http://www.law.ukans.edu/library/tribal.html

38. Marilee's Native Americans Resource Also Virtual American Indian paper doll; StoneE s native American Lore Over 130 stories; Dinetah s Stories from the Blanket Weaving Woman 8 navajo, Hopi, and http://www.ameritech.net/users/macler/nativeamericans.html

This webpage is moving to http://marilee.us/nativeamericans.html Please change your bookmarks and links as this site will no longer be updated. Home Word Puzzles Picturebooks KidPix/KidWorks Projects ... Link-Backs Marilee's Native Americans Resource Cherokee Comanche Cree Haida Hopi Inuit Iroquois Navajo NezPerce Pomo Sioux Ute Wampanoag Misc. Tribes Clothing Craft Projects FamousPeople Legends Recipes Songs, Dances, Games Creation stories teach that Native Americans have been where they are since the world was created. It is also thought that First Americans migrated from Siberia over the Bering Strait about 14,000 years ago, or perhaps even earlier. The land bridge was dry ground for several thousand years before the sea level rose again and stopped migration. The hunters would have followed the migrating herds of large mammals as they moved south. As the glaciers melted, the First Americans spread to the North American coasts and across the entire continent. Native Americans adapted to the climates and terrains in which they lived and used whatever natural resources were available. The arrival of the Europeans in the 1500's began a change in the lives of the Indian people that continued through the next centuries. Sometimes the changes were good. The horses brought by the Spanish made bison hunting much easier and safer. But Vikings, Spanish, English and French explorers, colonists and missionaries spread diseases, made slaves of the people, forced relocations, claimed ownership of natural resources and land, and tried to stamp out the native cultures. Some of the Indian people survived, but not without making drastic changes in their life styles.

39. Navajo Blanket Weavings of the 19th Century, navajo weaving was in demand, mostly by other indians, navajo, as well Early navajo weavers used wool, dyed with native, natural dyes http://www.americana.net/weaving.html

A HISTORY OF NAVAJO WEAVING by Chapters In the Beginning Early Weaving or Early Classic ( - to 1804) Classic Period ( 1804 -1880 ) Phase I, Chief's Blanket, Classic Period ... Reccomended Reading IN THE BEGINNING It has often been said "the land was good for nothing else so we gave it to the Indians". Nothing could be further from the truth. The original Navajo, the T'aa dine' chose this very area some 6 to 7 centuries age. This nomadic people arrived and apparently lived in harmony with the existing Anasazi until the latters' disapearence or assimilation. Undoubtedly, the T'aa dine' learned much from their neighbors, the Pueblo Indians, including the skill of weaving with domestic cotton and native grasses. They necessarily modified their traditional, nomadic way of life. In the 16th Century, the Spanish began exploration of this area. Shortly, Spanish rule and the Catholic Church dominated the entire Southwest. The traditional arts of the pueblo dwellers and the Navajo were severely curtailed. In fact, some scholars refer to the ensuing 2 1/2 centuries as the regressive period of pueblo arts and crafts. The Navajo, unwilling to be subjected to outside domination, simply reverted to their original, nomadic way of life. They retreated deep into the high deserts and canyons. From these strong points they began raiding Spanish and Pueblo livestock.

40. American Indian Links Page John Rustywire, navajo poet and writer, Fond Comments Web Magazine, American Indian Computer Art Yale University Association of native americans, Autumn Leeaves. http://www.ableza.org/Link.html

Back to the Ableza Home Page Indian Country Today on-line Native Web Oneida Nation Arts Programs ... Pow wow Trailz Native-owned web store Ableza's Web-Cast Site International Indian Treaty Council Littlecrow Trading Post American Indian Radio on-line ... Mohawk musician Howard Lyons Betty David Studios Cherokee Tribe of NE Alabama When Spiritual Teaching becomes Cultural Theft Native American Journalists Association Northern Cheyenne Tribes ... Okla Chaht Clan of CA., Click on the bead work below to submit your URL for inclusion here! (Native American and First Nations pages receive first consideration) TO TOP

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