61. SPPD: International Journal Of Mass Emergencies And Disasters: Contents: Volume how people hear warning messages of potential natural disasters and then this riskcommunication model to other types of natural and humanmade hazards. http://www.usc.edu/schools/sppd/ijmed/v16n3.html

About Cumulative Index Contents of Recent Issues Submitting Articles ... IJMED Home Contents of Recent Issues Volume 16, No. 3 (November 1998) Presidential Address: T. Joseph Scanlon , "Munitions Ships and Meteors: Plus c'est change . . . ," pp. 233-245. Articles by: R. Denise Blanchard-Boehm , "Understanding Public Response to Increased Risk from Natural Hazards: Application of the Hazards Risk Communication Framework," pp. 247-278. L. Erwin Atwood and Ann Marie Major , "Exploring the 'Cry Wolf' Hypothesis," pp. 279-302. The "cry wolf" hypothesis argues that individuals who have experienced predictions of disasters that do not materialize will discount the validity of subsequent disaster warnings. This belief in the false alarm effect is widely mentioned in the disaster literature, and anecdotal material appears to support the validity of the hypothesis. This study of a false earthquake warning supports experimental findings indicating that cancellation of a disaster warning leads to a false alarm effect. Following cancellation of the threat by the non-appearance of the predicted earthquake, 46.7 percent of the panel respondents indicated that they would pay less attention whereas only 16.7 percent said that they would pay more attention to a future earthquake prediction. The panel data also suggest that the mass media were substantial contributors to the observed false alarm effect, while at the same time the media escaped blame for their contributions to the problem. (AA)

62. The Lebanese Government And IDPs Definition of the Analytical Report of the Secretarygeneral on Internally The definitionretains persons displaced by natural or human made disasters. http://www.lnf.org.lb/migrationnetwork/definitionofidp.html

The Internally Displaced Persons Definition of IDPs DEFINITION AND CATEGORIES IDP (Internally Dispalced Persons) working definition is recent, considering that the issue of Internally Dispalced Persons was linked before to that of Refugees. Definition of the Analytical Report of the Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons of 14 February 1992 : "Persons who have been forced to flee their homes suddenly or unexpectedly in large numbers, as a result of armed conflict, internal strife, systematic violations of human rights or natural or made-man disasters; and who are within the territory of their own country" By defining an internally displaced person as one who is forced from his home, the 1992 definition needlessly complicated the search for acceptablenot idealsolutions. The IDP definition, unlike the refugee definition, did not mention a government's willingness or ability to protect displaced persons. By making location the essence of the IDP definition, and not the right to be protected, it did not offer the restoration of one's rights in another location as a durable solution for internally displaced people. Living in displacement The new Guiding Principles include a definition that addresses many of these flaws. It defines internally displaced persons as:

63. GIS Approach For Disaster Management Through Awareness - An Overview due to increase in the amount of research going into disasters and their a hazardis a rare or extreme event in the natural or humanmade environment that http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/natural_hazards/overview/nho0012.htm

Home Site Map Subscribe Newsletters Search The Site ... Overview Overview Earthquake Drought Fire Volcano ... Printer Friendly Format Page 1 of 4 Next GIS approach for disaster management through awareness - an overview Balaji. D mr_donb@yahoo.com Sankar. R Sankar_raju2001@yahoo.co.in Karthi. S K_804@fastmail.ca B.E. Geo-Informatics, Dept. of Civil Engineering Anna University, Chennai Abstract Disaster management has been the hot topic in recent times. A lot many management techniques have evolved through various discussions. All the management techniques that are being developed are understood by, and confined to the intellectual community and hence lack mass participation. Awareness of the disasters is the only effective way in which one can bring about mass participation. Hence, any disaster management is successful only when the general public has some awareness about the disaster. In the design of such an awareness program, spatial data becomes imperative and for the analysis of the spatial data and the representation of the results in spatial format, a Geographical Information System (GIS) becomes the obvious and effective choice. The usage of the spatial system provides the advantages of emphasis on the areas or locations which need more attention. This paper aims at providing a methodology of designing a GIS based awareness program for earthquake, flood, landslide, drought, diseases and other natural and man made disaster management. Further, the paper discusses the use of GIS to decide upon the better ways of creating awareness on the various factors mentioned above.

64. UNESCO Natural Sciences Portal such as floods and droughts, and humanmade disasters such as Should we allow thenatural environment to suffer In 2000, the Directorgeneral of UNESCO, Mr http://www.unesco.org/science/edito_en03.shtml

About UNESCO UNESCO Media Services Programmes Documentary Resources ... UNESCO Worldwide Thematic Areas Fresh Water People and Nature Oceans Earth Sciences ... Knowledge Systems International Programmes International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP) International Hydrological ... (WWAP) Regional Offices for Science Cairo Jakarta Montevideo Nairobi ... Venise Other UNESCO Fields of Action Education Culture Communication and Information Regions/Countries - Africa - Arab States - Asia/Pacific - Europe/North America ... Comments or queries A World of Science EDITORIAL 'Water for a thirsty planet' Download the PDF version Contact for subscription: S. Schneegans , Editor As Mikhail Gorbatchev put it, ‘Just as we are moved by water, we must now move in order to save it.’Water is intrinsic to our lives and to the ecosystems upon which we all depend. Every day, natural disasters such as floods and droughts, and humanmade disasters such as pollution, are damaging this resource and claiming human health and life. As the world population grows, so too is pressure growing on our rivers, lakes and groundwater aquifers. In many parts of the world, competition is increasing between users fighting for their share of clean, usable water. Are agricultural demands more important than using water for energy production? Are demands of urban populations more important than rural needs? Should we allow the natural environment to suffer through changing river flows or tolerating pollution? All water uses are interlinked, so only an integrated approach to water management will work.

65. GEsource - Browse Results Subjects related to humanmade hazards include famine, emergency and practice relatedto natural disasters and complex Historical Data on Mine disasters in the http://www.gesource.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/browsesql.pl?toplevel=human&limit=0&subj

66. Church World Service Emergency Response Program: Training And Resources:Hazards natural disasters involve largely geological and climatic hazards In humanmadedisasters, the principal direct causes are encompass a more general time period http://www.cwserp.org/training/CWSEMT/HDbasic.php

Basic Concepts Hazard: A rare or extreme natural or human-made event that can cause a disaster with severe negative effects on human life, property, or activity. Hazard Category Example Sudden Onset Earthquake, Tsunami, Flood, Tropical Storm, Volcanic Eruption, Landslide Slow Drought, Famine, Environmental Degradation, Desertification, Deforestation, Pest Infestation Industrial/Technological System Failure/Accident, Spillage, Explosion, Fire Armed Aggression, Insurgency, Terrorism Epidemics Water/Food-Borne Diseases, Person-To-Person Diseases, Vector-Borne Diseases, Complications from Wounds Disaster: A serious disruption of the functioning of a society with widespread human, material, or environmental losses which exceed the ability of affected society to cope using only its own resources. "Natural" disasters involve largely geological and climatic hazards. In human-made disasters, the principal direct causes are identifiable human actions. Vulnerability: The measure of the negative cultural, social, economic, and environmental factors and unsafe conditions that put people at risk of a disaster when a hazard occurs. Progression of Vulnerability Emergency: A situation in which lives and property are at risk and outside intervention or unusual initiatives by the group or community affected is needed. A disaster is a type of emergency that occurs in specific, limited time period. Emergencies can encompass a more general time period.

67. Red Cross Red Crescent - Speech On Relief Assistance It may also reflect that talking in general terms about the by armed conflict, butalso those displaced by natural and human made disasters, side effects http://www.ifrc.org/docs/news/speech00/ah271100.asp

Search : News Speeches News stories Speeches Press releases Events ... News archives Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations, including special economic assistance Speech delivered by Dr Astrid N Heiberg, President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to the United Nations General Assembly, New York 27 November, 2000 Mr. President, The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is pleased to have this opportunity to address the United Nations General Assembly on matters that are of deep concern to us, as they are to the entire humanitarian community. Improving the ways we work together is central to the interests of the victims and vulnerable whom we serve, vital to retaining the respect and loyalty of our volunteers, and crucial in building the confidence of governments in our ability to do the work we are there to do. Mr. President, An important tool for better, co-ordinated management of humanitarian crises is the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief. This work is taken further in the Sphere Project with the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in disaster response. It sets out standards for humanitarian assistance against which humanitarian organisations can be held accountable. Governments should also take responsibility for implementing such standards, possibly through codes of conduct of their own. Compliance with the Code of Conduct could also be secured if donors use these as a criterion for funding. This would also lead to better co-ordination.

68. AID AFTER NATURAL DISASTERS to Sergio Vieira de Mello, the UnderSecretary-general for Humanitarian is mandatedto “assist victims of natural and human made disasters to survive http://www.sit-edu-geneva.ch/aid_after_natural_disasters.htm

AID AFTER NATURAL DISASTERS: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL ACTORS A CASE STUDY OF THE FLOODS IN MOZAMBIQUE by Gretchen Widmer Washington University in St. Louis Economics and Political Science Departments The School for International Training International Studies, Organizations, and Social Justice Geneva, Switzerland Independent Study Project May 5, 2003 OUTLINE I. Introduction II. International Standards on Intervention after Natural Disasters III. International Accountability Projects A. The Sphere Project IV. Case Study: The 2000 Floods in Mozambique V. Response: International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies VI. Response: United Nations Organizations A. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs B. United Nations Development Programme VII. Response: International Non-Governmental Organizations A. Lutheran World Federation VIII. Evaluation IX. Conclusion X. Annexes A. ISP Interviews B. Works Referenced C. Websites Consulted D. Human Resources E. Research Locations F. Work Journal G. Evolution of the Project A people can participate only if they have both the opportunity to formulate their program, which is their reason for participation, and a medium through which they can express and achieve their program.

69. Global Health Council - World Water Day 2004: Water And Disasters the day. natural and humanmade disasters natural and human-made disasters(drought and war) have a devastating impact. Floods, hurricanes http://www.globalhealth.org/news/article/4232

Council Site Search Web Search your location : home Upcoming Events Other Events In This Section General Health News Outbreaks AIDS News Council News ... Submit an Article Contribute news, technical information and upcoming events by clicking here Search News Advance Search News/Event Item World Water Day 2004: Water and Disasters When : 22 March 2004 Weather, climate and water resources can have a devastating impact on socio-economic development and on the well-being of humankind. According to the World Meteorological Organization weather and climate-related extreme events, such as tornadoes, thunderstorms, storms, cyclones, floods and drought, account for nearly 75 per cent of all disasters. They lead to an enormous toll of human suffering, loss of life and economic damage. Monitoring these events, predicting their movements and issuing timely warnings are essential to mitigate the disastrous impact of such events on population and economy. World Water Day 2004 on 22 March focuses on the theme: Water and Disasters. The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and the World Meteorological Organization have been charged with co-ordinating events on the day. Natural and human-made disasters Natural and human-made disasters (drought and war) have a devastating impact. Floods, hurricanes, droughts, civil conflicts or wars affect many people, their homes and their economic prospects. A local cholera outbreak can be a disaster for families living in a slum or a village.

70. Citizen's News - HindustanTimes.com Missing links in the health care chain Dr Alok Mukhopadhyay, New Delhi Within thegeneral depressing picture As natural and humanmade disasters continue to http://www.hindustantimes.com/citizensnews/health_2.shtml

HindustanTimes.com HT Cricket HT Tabloid Delhi Edition ... UK Edition August 16,2003 Health A commentary on the state of general health, the battle with infectious diseases, and healthcare services in India at the end of 56 years. Subject List Home Bureaucracy Cinema Disasters ... Wildlife Report Highlights India is seeing an outbreak of Malaria in virulent form in many parts of the country, return of Dengue and Plague and a dramatic increase in the disease of yesteryears such as Tuberculoses. These clear signal the failure of the country's health care system. The government and the private sectors have been unable to meet the challenge due to inefficiency and philosophical contradictions. The voluntary sector has made some headway in pushing health care services, especially in remote and neglected areas of the country. Only a holistic model of health care, which puts the human being in the center, can work for India now. Missing links in the health care chain Dr Alok Mukhopadhyay, New Delhi Within the general depressing picture, there are many heart-warming experiences of the efforts of the voluntary organizations and charismatic Government officials in the area of leprosy eradication. Tamil Nadu is a good example of a state where the health situation has improved significantly in recent years due to multi-faceted development efforts of the Governments.

71. United Methodism Encounter With Islam Today relief and refugee services, including rehabilitation following natural and human made disasters. three interrelated areas in which the general Board of http://gbgm-umc.org/global_news/full_article.cfm?articleid=1599

72. The NSDL Scout Report For Physical Sciences -- Volume 1, Number 1 MODIS (Moderateresolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) of visible natural disastersaround the and the history of landforms, both natural and human-made. http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/Reports/NSDL/PhysSci/2002/ps-020125-general.html

Home The Scout Report Archives Projects ... Feedback Log In: Password: Forget your password? Create a Log In January 25, 2002 Volume 1, Number 1 Table of Contents Printable version Natural Hazards http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/ NASA's Earth Observatory Web site's newest addition, Natural Hazards, is a continually updated resource of remarkable photography taken from the satellite MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) of visible natural disasters around the globe of things such as the thick cloud of pollution currently over India and the dozen ravaging bush fires in Australia. Each page contains a high-resolution image of the event, a description of what is taking place, and links to any related images. [JAB] [Back to Contents] United States Climate Normals The National Climate Data Center has recently released weather data from the last thirty years, which is used by forecasters to compare day-to-day normal conditions. The daily and monthly reports are available for download in ASCII or PDF formats and include data on such things as average daily temperatures and precipitation from nearly 8,000 weather stations in the United States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the U.S. Pacific Islands. Everyone from researchers to those users interested in weather in their hometown will find the information provided valuable. [JAB] [Back to Contents] Two Geospatial Images from Canada: Lake Nipigon http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/imgserv/tour/42/42_onte.html

73. AU Summit: Annual Message Of The OAU Secretary-General, Dr Salim Ahmed Salim, On Annual Message of the OAU Secretarygeneral, Dr Salim Ahmed Salim face us, includingthe HIV-AIDS pandemic, natural and human made disasters, abject poverty http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/speeches/salim010523.htm

Home What's New About the summit South Africa your host ... links Documents and speeches Documents and speeches Key documents Background documents ... Key South African documents Annual Message of the OAU Secretary-General, Dr Salim Ahmed Salim, on the Occasion of the 38th Anniversary of the Founding of the OAU - Africa Day, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23 May 2001 Fellow Africans On the 25th of May, we shall be commemorating the thirty-eighth anniversary of the founding of our Continental Organization. This is a day when we celebrate not only the life and achievements of the Organization of African Unity as an institution but, equally profoundly, it is an occasion when we pay homage to our own collective aspirations and joint endeavours as Africans. These have been thirty-eight years of holding on together as a people, deriving strength in our common identity, and pursuing the vision of a shared destiny.

74. Floridahealthstat.com - Where Florida Health Data Resides 800) 3780445; Insurance Helpline during a natural or human-made disaster (800 consumerinsurance guides, and insurance information on disasters and storms. http://www.floridahealthstat.com/hhs.shtml

This pamphlet introduces consumers to various health and human services programs available through eight Florida state agencies. It includes information on health care facilities; financial and health care assistance; insurance; services for elders, disabled persons, children, and veterans; and other useful information. The pamphlet also includes web sites that provide connections to other state and federal programs. This pamphlet was produced by the State Center for Health Statistics at the Agency for Health Care Administration. We can be contacted at (850) 922-5771. This publication and others can be viewed at www.FloridaHealthStat.com or ordered by calling (888) 419-3456. FLORIDA AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION (AHCA) Web site: www.fdhc.state.fl.us

75. Regents Report 75 and relief workers in coping with the stress of natural and humanmade disasters. demandsof victims and response volunteers in the aftermath of disasters. http://www.sdbor.edu/publications/RegentsReports/97/rr75.htm

R EGENTS R EPORT South Dakota Higher Education: Good Investment. Great Future. NO. 75, 06/27/97 Centers of Excellence One Part of Reinvestment Through Efficiencies Regents Reports , other university proposals will appear in the next issue. Center of Excellence in Civic Leadership at USD What It Will Do Why It Is Important to South Dakota 30 years ago most Americans said they trusted other people, today barely a 1/3 say they trust others In 1964, 3 of 4 Americans said that they trusted the federal government all or most of the time, today only 1 in 4 Americans agrees A recent South Dakota Municipal League survey of municipal officials found that public apathy and distrust of government was a major issue facing South Dakota communities In South Dakota, civic leadership is particularly important to address the special challenges faced by our rural communities, such as responding to depopulation, resolving state/tribal government issues, and balancing economic development with environmental protection. Urban solutions cannot easily be applied to rural South Dakota and the Center will be instrumental in developing able homegrown civic leaders. 525 copies of this document were produced by the South Dakota Board of Regents at an approximate cost of $0.03 per copy.

76. AGCIEOC96/PartVISSSI really natural, but rather humanmade disasters, less the same protection from disasterswhich governments technologies relevant to natural hazards reduction http://www.agci.org/publications/eoc96/AGCIEOC96SSSI/AGCIEOC96PartVISSSI.html

AGCI Session I: Natural Hazards and Global Change Session Chairs: Louis Walter and E. L. Quarantelli - July 10 to 20, 1996 VI. Summary Recommendations and Actions The following is a distillation and summary of the recommendations made by the workshop groups that explored the five themes discussed in the previous chapter. Essentially, they call for citizens to re-think the way we live and how we shape our human settlements; to consider how our settlements are threatened by natural hazards and how they contribute to disasters. At the same time, we must recognize that while all levels of government have important roles to play, the roots of effective mitigation must occur at the local level. On the other hand, disaster mitigation is a global priority. The U. S., together with other disaster-prone nations of the world, should share the benefits of extensive disaster experience and broad interdisciplinary disaster mitigation research. Collaboration of international mitigation efforts at all levels should form a major component of U. S. development and humanitarian efforts. It is important to once again emphasize the connection between natural disasters and global change. A society resilient to natural hazards is likely to be more resilient to longer time scale hazards such as those which fall under the heading of global change. Increasingly, the global change and natural hazards communities can benefit from each others' thinking and technologies in building a more sustainable society.

77. GEO-3: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK Centre for Coordination of the Prevention of natural disasters in Central territoriesand populations when faced with natural and humanmade hazards (see http://www.grida.no/geo/geo3/english/471.htm

UNEP DEWA UNEP.Net GEO-1 ... GEO-3 GEO: Global Environment Outlook 3 Past, present and future perspectives Contact Us Help Search GEO-3: Home GEO-3 Chapter 2 Disasters ... Table of contents Policy responses Many countries, especially those located on islands, are vulnerable to natural disasters (see table below). The major concerns with regard to policy include the following (UNEP 1999): deficiencies in disaster prevention, including the lack of zoning of vulnerable areas during the development planning process; weak mitigation mechanisms; deficiencies and limited use of anti-seismic building measures, as well as inadequate administrative arrangements and human resources for enforcement; lack of insurance policies for low-income households; and inadequate support systems for affected communities. Improving management is critical to disaster reduction, especially non-structural mitigation actions using natural mechanisms. For example, wetlands reduce floods, woodlands reduce landslides and mangroves lessen the effect of coastal storms and extreme tides. In general, good land use maintains healthy ecosystems, provides resources and facilitates non-structural mitigation action. This strategy is particularly attractive in countries where risk insurance and structural mitigation come at a high price. Vulnerability to natural hazards of Caribbean countries hurricanes earthquakes volcanoes

78. Majlis Irfan: Natural Disasters Huzoor, a very disturbing factor about natural disasters and the cause of fatal ailments like droughts and floods which are not man-made. philosophy of natural disasters, as understood by human http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000018.html

Majlis Irfan: Natural Disasters The Ahmadiyya Gazette, June 1994 Majlis Irfan: Questions Answered by Khalifatul Masih IV Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad Question: Huzoor, a very disturbing factor about natural disasters and the cause of fatal ailments like droughts and floods - which are not man-made. I mean that man is not responsible for them. Please explain? Answer: I understand your point. First of all, you must understand the philosophy of natural disasters, as understood by human beings, is just an incomplete story. The true story reaches far behind in history. The true story extends to millions of years of man's evolution or in various stages. When you are trying to understand that they are not useless and meaningless, they have played a very important role in the history of human development or development of life. And they have been a blessing in disguise as far as progress goes. So whether you understand a local disaster in the context of human values or not, if you look back in the history of evolution of life you can understand easily that these disasters are a part of the general scheme of things under which the whole is created. And they have fair part and they are not meaningless. So philosophy even by the Holy Quran is this that if Allah had decided to punish human beings for what they have committed, Allah would have wiped out the whole life on earth.

79. Disasters By Design: A Reassessment Of Natural Hazards In The United States - A disasters by Design A Reassessment of natural Hazards in the United States A Bibliography. disasters BY DESIGN A REASSESSMENT OF natural HAZARDS. IN THE UNITED STATES. A BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1999. INTRODUCTION. I. HISTORY, REVIEWS, AND THEORY. II. http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/assessbib.html

Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States - A Bibliography DISASTERS BY DESIGN: A REASSESSMENT OF NATURAL HAZARDS IN THE UNITED STATES A BIBLIOGRAPHY Table of Contents INTRODUCTION I. HISTORY, REVIEWS, AND THEORY II. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MITIGATION III. EVENTS, LOSSES, AND COSTS ... International Approaches INTRODUCTION This bibliography is a collection of citations to the academic literature supporting the summary volume of the Second National Assessment of Research on Natural Hazards. The Second Assessment was a multi-year project sponsored by the National Science Foundation with supporting contributions from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. It began in 1994 with the formal mission of summarizing what is known in the various fields of science and engineering that is applicable to natural and related technological hazards in the United States, and making some research and policy recommendations for the future. The results of that effort are compiled in a book published in 1999 by the Joseph Henry Press in Washington, D.C., entitled

80. Natural Disasters Miami State High School. Year 8C natural disasters Webquest and links. Clickto see the full size photo taken by Michael Bath. Instructions to groups. http://www.onthenet.com.au/~townsend/natural_disasters.htm

Miami State High School Year 8C - Natural Disasters Webquest and links Click to see the full size photo taken by Michael Bath. Instructions to groups. By now you have your disaster topic - and your group has been formed. You now need to assign roles. Remember that you need a 'Webmaster' (this person will put the page together - they will design the layout and 'look' of the page - they will also be responsible for uploading the page onto the school's web site). Other team members will be responsible for the research elements of the team's website (most will be looking for the best sites to link to - one will focus on finding the best image to go on the site (this person will need to write to the owner of the image for the appropriate permission). Your website should focus on providing the links to sites which will give the best help in such matters as: Describing and defining the disaster. Where does it occur? When does it occur? What damage is caused? How is it caused? What can we do to minimise its impact on humans? Can you find records of historical events regarding the incidence of this disaster?

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