41. Cultures In America: Languages a small fraction of these cultures, so you must keep on your guard that you not treatany Native American culture or any native american language as applicable http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CULAMRCA/LANGUAGE.HTM

What is Language? What is Language? General Glossary World View agglutinative language. When verbs are collapsed with nouns it suggests that the culture does not think of actions (running, say) as independent from the the object doing the action, that is, that action is dependent on an actor; European languages make possible a world view in which action can be considered a separate entity from objects. natoaskuiinyemainxksini , from nataos ("holy, sacred"), kuiin ("pipe"), and ninxksini Richard Hooker Change to . . . Beginnings The Land Social Life Languages Native American Creation Stories The Iroquois League The Native American Anthology Glossary of Native American Culture Gallery of Native American Cultures Internet Resources on Native Americans About "Cultures in America" Bibliography of Sources ©1996, Richard Hooker For information contact: Richard Hines Updated 6-6-1999

42. Indigenous Language Links Language Preservation and Publishing H. Russell Bernard native american languageImmersion Innovative Native Education for Children Families Janine Pease http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/links.html

Teaching Indigenous Languages books conference articles columns ... home Other Link Pages American Indian Education American Indian-General Bilingual Education (General) ... Multicultural Indigenous Language Links (Updated May 11, 2004) Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival American Indian Language Development Institute University of Arizona Canadian Indigenous Languages and Literacy Development Institute (CILLDI) Dictionaries for endangered languages of North America University of Arizona Diné [Navajo] Language Association Documentation of Endangered Languages VolkswagonStiftung E-MELD Electronic Metastructure for Endangered Languages Data Endangered Language Fund Gives small grants for EL work Endangered-Languages-L An E-mail forum on endangered languages Foundation for Endangered Languages Publishes a newsletter Hawaiian Language Center Heritage Languages Initiative Center for Applied Linguistics Indigenous Bilingual Education Special Interest Group (SIG) of NABE Indigenous Language Institute Formerly IPOLA Indigenous Peoples of the Americas Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association International Clearinghouse on Endangered Languages Univ. of Tokyo

43. Native American Languages native american languages. native american languages EskimoAleutianlanguages Yup ik language; Inuit languages Inupiaq; Inuktitut. http://www.fact-index.com/n/na/native_american_languages.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Native American languages Native American languages Eskimo-Aleutian languages Yup'ik language Inuit languages Inupiaq Inuktitut Salishan languages Athapaskan-Eyak Ahtna language: 80 speakers, (M. Krauss, 1995) Beaver language Chipewyan language Eyak language : 1 speaker, (N. Barnes, 1996) Northern Haida language: 15 fluent speakers, (M. Krauss, 1995) Han language: 7 or 8 fluent speakers, (M. Krauss, 1995) Holikachuk language: 12 fluent speakers, (M. Krauss, 1995) Koyukon language: 300 speakers (M. Krauss, 1995) Tanaina language: 75 or fewer speakers (M. Krauss, 1997) Lower Tanana language: 30 or fewer speakers (M. Krauss, 1995) Upper Tanana language: 105 or fewer speakers (M. Krauss, 1995) Tolowa language: 5 speakers (SIL, 1977) Apachean languages Jicarilla Apache language: 812 speakers, (1990 census) Kiowa Apache language: 18 speakers, (1990 census) Lipan Apache language: 2 or 3 speakers, (1981 R.W. Young) Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache language: 1,800 speakers, incl. 279 Chiricahua speakers (1990 census) Western Apache language: 12,693 speakers (1990 census)

44. MSN Encarta - Native American Languages Advertisement. native american languages. As we move from east to west in NorthAmerica, the number of native american language families increases. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573518/Native_American_Languages.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items North America: historic language diversity North America: Languages more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Native American Languages News Search MSNBC for news about Native American Languages Internet Search Search Encarta about Native American Languages Search MSN for Web sites about Native American Languages Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write('');

45. MSN Encarta - Native American Languages Advertisement. Page 2 of 2. native american languages. One of the extinct languages,Taíno, was the first native american language encountered by Columbus. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573518_2/Native_American_Languages.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items North America: historic language diversity North America: Languages more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Native American Languages News Search MSNBC for news about Native American Languages Internet Search Search Encarta about Native American Languages Search MSN for Web sites about Native American Languages Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write('');

46. TITLE 42 , CHAPTER 34 , Sec. 2991b-3. the establishment and support of a community native american language project tobring older and younger Native Americans together to facilitate and encourage http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/42/2991b-3.html

US CODE COLLECTION TITLE 42 CHAPTER 34 > Sec. 2991b-3. Prev Next Sec. 2991b-3. - Grant program to ensure survival and continuing vitality of Native American languages (a) Authority to award grants The Secretary shall award a grant to any agency or organization that is - eligible for financial assistance under section (a) of this title; and selected under subsection (c) of this section; to be used to assist Native Americans in ensuring the survival and continuing vitality of Native American languages. (b) Purposes for which grants may be used The purposes for which each grant awarded under subsection (a) of this section may be used include, but are not limited to - the establishment and support of a community Native American language project to bring older and younger Native Americans together to facilitate and encourage the transfer of Native American language skills from one generation to another; the establishment of a project to train Native Americans to teach a Native American language to others or to enable them to serve as interpreters or translators of such language; the development, printing, and dissemination of materials to be used for the teaching and enhancement of a Native American language;

47. Native American Languages: Writing And Sign Language Encyclopedia—native american languages. Related content from HighBeamResearch on native american languages Writing and Sign Language. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0859891.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Native American languages Writing and Sign Language Written literature in the usual sense does not exist in the indigenous American languages; however, there are folk literatures. Communication by writing among the Native Americans in the aboriginal period was limited to the Maya and the Aztecs. Both cultures used a form of picture writing to represent their ideas. About 800 of the Maya hieroglyphs, or symbols, are known, and in recent years substantial progress has been made in deciphering them. Not many texts of the Maya survive, the most numerous being inscriptions on buildings. The Incas of Peru used a system of knotted cords, ropes, or strings to communicate. Called the quipu

48. Native American Gospel Resources native american language Bibles The Jesus Film is a great way to share thegospel in the heart language of your Native American neighbors. http://www.ethnicharvest.org/peoples/nativeamer.htm

Home Our Mission What's New Stories ... Search Our Site Gospel Resources for Native Americans A special welcome to all visitors of Native American heritage! This page contains links to Bibles, stories and web sites written in First Nation languages which tell about Jesus and His love for the Native American people. Many followers of Jesus are praying that God will bless the Native American people, and some of the links on this page have information to help them learn more about Native American languages and culture. Thank you for visiting. May the grace and peace of God be yours today! *NOTE: Many of the following links are outside our site and open a new window in your browser. Close the new window to return to this page. Publications About Jesus The Four Spiritual Laws explains God's plan of salvation in Navajo and an English version adapted for Native Americans. At Audio Scriptures International you can listen to a Real Audio story in Navajo called "A Portrait of Jesus". Gifts from the Heart: Faith Stories from Native Americans , compiled by Alyne JoAnn Catolster, is offered by the United Methodist Church at their Ethnic Local Church Concerns web site.

49. Indian Health Service : Native American Resources Links to Other native american language and Resource sites by Wayne Leman CheyenneLanguage Website by Wayne Leman Navajo Language Program Tsalagi Language http://www.ihs.gov/generalweb/links/americanindian/index.asp

Search Our Site For: Advanced Search by HOME ABOUT I H S SITE MAP HELP New! Official Site of the Blackfeet Nation Personal and Professional Development ~ Northern Arizona Univ. Onieda Nation of Wisconsin American Indian Learning Resource Center National Indian Council on Aging Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma ... Ani Gasaguali ~ People of the Circle Cal Nez Design Legislative Impact Lytton Band of Pomo Indians American Indian Radio on Satellite (AIROS) ... Native Shop Contents Art Education Genealogy Government ... Storytelling If you'd like to submit a URL, report a dead link or just comment on this site, feel free to drop me a note Categories Art Native American Indian Art maintained by Paula Giese RT Computer Graphics AXIOM Financial Management Minorities Job Bank Native American Village National Center for American Indian Enterprise Development Northern California Indian Development Council Education American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC) American Indian Institute (Univ. of Oklahoma) Blackfeet Community College Native American Connection ~ Mark Franco (Cal State Univ. - Chico) Native Child Headstart Educational Material National Indian Education Association The PhD Project Doctorate Opportunities for Minorities St. Michael Indian School

50. Native American Music Page Michif Mohawk Language Learning Materials Mohawk Language Materials NahuatlNahuatl Nahuatl Home Page native american language Center Native Languages of http://www.georgiejessup.com/links3.htm

Quick Navigator Concert Dates Music Files Georgie Talk Photo Gallery Contact Georgie Links Quotes Bio's Video Clips Merchandise Native Art Guest Book Mitakuye Oyas'in E-Mail Georgie Home Press Kit, Flyers Concert Dates ... Guest Book Native American Links Journals/Newspapers Powwows Resources Maps Native Lands ... Navajo Code Talker Powwows/Powwows Info Native Lanuages American Indian Exposition Cherokee of Georgia Annual Spring Powwow Council Tree Powwow Denver March Powwow ... Arvol Looking Horse Native Business Allies: Media/Art allnative.com AlterNative Design - AND American Native Arts and Antiques ... Back to Top

51. Native American Culture - Languages native american language Center Indigenous and minority peoples views of language,from the University of California/Davis, are given on this page. http://www.ewebtribe.com/NACulture/lang.htm

Languages Aboriginal Languages This site has good information about the Aanisnaabeg (Algonkian) and Ogwehoweh (Iroquoian) languages. Scroll down past the menus and staff listing for the article. Alabama Language This page will automatically ask you to download a special font player in order to view this language properly. They have a clever dictionary setup! Alaska Native Language Center This language center was established in 1972 by state legislation as a center for documentation and cultivation of the state's 20 Native languages. American Indian Language Software Programs Their vision is "to use computer programming skills to help preserve and teach American Indian language to anyone interested and the young in particular. Once the language is lost; the culture is lost is what we bly believe." "If you are fluent in an American Indian language (or know someone that is) and you would like to be instrumental in preserving and or teaching your native language for the benefit of the young, lets get together to develop a language teaching software program for your native language Cahto Alphabet Chart This chart has *.wav files to demonstrate each alphabet sound.

52. Native American Languages - Encyclopedia Article About Native American Languages Navajo claims more speakers than any other native american language north of theMexican border, with more than 100,000 native speakers, and this number is http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Native American languages

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Native American languages Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Native American languages Eskimo-Aleutian languages Yup'ik language Inuit languages Inupiaq Inuktitut Inuktitut (lit. 'Like the Inuit') is the language of the Inuit people. Varieties It is more in the nature of a dialect continuum than a single language; this continuum can be divided into roughly sixteen varieties, in four groups: Innuinaqtun (Canadian Western Arctic) Inuktitut proper (Canadian Eastern Arctic) Kalaallisut or Greenlandic (Greenland). Click the link for more information. Aleut language Aleut is a language of the Eskimo-Aleut language phylum. It is the tongue of the Aleut people living in the Aleutian, Pribilof and Commander Islands. Aleut is alone with Eskimo in the Eskimo-Aleut group. The two main dialect groupings are Eastern Aleut and Atkan. Within the Eastern group are the dialects of Unalaska, Belkofski, Akutan, the Pribilof Islands, Kashega and Nikolski. Within the Atkan grouping are the dialects of Attu, Bering Island and Copper Island (or Mednyy). Click the link for more information.

53. Native Americans native american language and the World Wars The languages of the Choctaw and theNavajo peoples were used by the US military during WWI and WW.II to foil http://killeenroos.com/link/amind.html

Native Americans back to social studies link index Tribal Websites Animal Legends and Symbols Animals played an important part in Native American tradition. This site shows you some of those animals and offers examples of their symbolic meanings. American Indian Law This page is designed for Indian law practitioners, Tribes or tribal members, law students, and anyone interested in Indian law. Features of this site include a list of the best law schools for Indian law, links to researching Indian law issues, and links of organizations related to Indian law. American Indian Resources American Indian Web page American Indians and the Natural World Through exploration of four different visions of living in and with the natural worldthose of the Tlingit of the Northwest Coast, the Hopi of the southwest, the Iroquois of the Northeast, and the Lakota of the PlainsNorth, South, East, West: American Indians and the Natural World examines the belief systems, philosophies, and practical knowledge that guide Indian peoples' interactions with the natural world. Though all of these peoples have chosen different pathways and strategies for making a life in their various environments, one similar concept is voiced by allthat a reciprocal connection exists between people and the rest of the world. Authors - Native American First Nations Histories excellent data about many different tribes. Author proposes to add more tribes - as many as 200.

54. Native American Links @MATO.COM Native American Links. Native American Art Native American Crafts and Suppliersnative american language Links Native American Music Links Native American http://www.mato.com/links/nalinks.html

Native American Links Native American Art Native American Crafts and Suppliers Native American Language Links Native American Music Links ... Native American Stories and Legends Native American Art Links AICAP - American Indian Cultural Arts Project - Native American Artists' Home Page. Artists' Views of Native Americans Coalition to Save the Institute of American Indian studies ... Back To Index Crafts and Supplies American Craft Malls AnnieBee's Bead Place Austin Bead Society Library A World of Crafts Home Page ... Back To Index Native American Language Links Algonquian Place Names Conservation of Endangered Languages Cree Language Home Joes Cherokee Fonts ... Back To Index Native American Peoples Abenaki Abenaki Indian Center, Inc. Anasazi Arctic Circle ... Back To Index Web Gallery Resources Indian Country Today NativeTech Redhawk Publishing Lakota Star Knowledge ... Back To Index Native American Stories Abnaki Literature American Indian Oral History Collection Creation Stories and Traditional Wisdom - Little People - Geow-lud-mo-sis-eg Hollywood Illusions and Indian Realities ... Back To Index

55. Native Americans INDEX native american languages. A very large chapter, with lots of info on the variouslanguages, here you can also find the origins of many English words. http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/titlepage.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Index Shades Native Americans Pre Columbian Religions Index Inuit ... Guestbook visitors since (be sure to scroll down this page!) In the above mentioned chapter you'll find the history of Native Americans, including: Index Native American Territories Introduction - Early Population - Physical Traits - Earliest Migrations - Major Culture Areas - North America - Mesoamerica - South America - Traditional Way of Life - European Contact and Impact - Initial Reaction to Europeans - Native Americans in Contemporary Society A Abenakis Aboriginal Place Names (Canada) Accominta Acolapissa ... Aztec Empire B Battle of Point Pleasant Battle of the Fallen Timbers Battle of the Little Bighorn Battle of Tippecanoe ... Boats, Skin and Bark Boats

56. Native American Languages INDEX Index native american languages (Sequoya (The Bettmann Archive/Encarta). IndexShades. II. Major Languages. III. Features of native american languages. http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/nativeamericanlanguages.ht

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Index Shades Native Americans Maps Sources ... Sources - Background Design by Cloud Jumper Designs ChrisTime

57. Native American Languages Resources At Questia - The Online native american languages Resources at Questia The Online Library of Booksand Journals. native american languages. Questia. native american languages. http://www.questia.com/popularSearches/native_american_languages.jsp

58. NATIVE NASHVILLE ONLINE NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGE TUTOR - CHEROKEE SYLLABARY NATIVE NASHVILLE Native American History, Culture, News, More.ONLINE LANGUAGE TUTOR. Tsalagi (Cherokee) The Cherokee Syllabary. http://www.nativenashville.com/tutor_syllabary.htm

Click Item For details HOME TANASI NEWS INFO CENTER QUICK FACTS ... ART Birds of Prey Buy this Art Print at AllPosters.com Visit These Non-Profit Web Sites: Alliance For Native American Indian Rights Native American Educational Association Tennessee Trail of Tears Association Books about Indians: Loud Hawk : The United States Versus the American Indian Movement Exploration of Ancient Key-Dweller Remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida ONLINE LANGUAGE TUTOR Tsalagi (Cherokee) The Cherokee Syllabary Sequoyah, the great Cherokee linguist, developed a system for writing the Cherokee language. This writing system is based on a syllabary. In a syllabary, symbols are used to represent complete syllables in a language. This is different from an alphabet used in English, for example, where the symbols stand for short sounds. The Cherokee syllabary is shown below. The Cherokee letters are the larger symbols. Their names, or sounds, are shown in English. You'll notice some of the Cherokee letters resemble some symbols used in the English alphabet. It is important to remember that these Cherokee letters do not represent the same sounds used in English. For example, the Cherokee letter looks like the English letter "D", but is pronounced "ah" in Cherokee. A pronunciaiton guide for the Cherokee letters is shown below. We will also be adding sound in the near future to help you understand how the Cherokee letters are pronounced

59. MA In Native American Linguistics At The University Of Arizona (UCLA) Phonology, Morphology, Computational Linguistics. Eloise Jelinek. Adj.Assoc. Prof. (UArizona) Syntax of native american languages. Geneva John. Adj. http://linguistics.arizona.edu/webpages/ma2.html

at the University of Arizona. Announces a new program Native American Linguistics Beginning in Fall 1999, a program in Native American Linguistics will be inaugurated at the University of Arizona. This is a graduate program leading to a MA degree in Linguistics. The program is designed to train members of Native American communities to do descriptive research on their languages, and to prepare for academic careers in teaching these languages and related fields. The program is designed so that the student can complete the requirements in one year. Once the MA requirements are fulfilled, students will have the opportunity to apply to the Ph.D. program in Linguistics at the University. Students will begin the program in the American Indian Language Development Institute (AILDI) in the summer of 1999 and continue with coursework in the Linguistics Department thereafter. The program is designed so that students will have exposure to the major sub-fields of linguistics: morphology, syntax, phonetics, phonology, and semantics. In addition to required courses, students will have opportunities to select courses from other departments: Second Language Acquisition and Teaching; Language, Reading and Culture; American Indian Studies; Speech and Hearing; and Anthropology. Faculty Program Head: Mary Willie.

60. Native American Languages at the University of Arizona. The Study of native american languages. Taughtby the Linguistics Department Other native american languages classes http://linguistics.arizona.edu/webpages/nativeamerican.html

at the University of Arizona. The Study of Native American Languages Taught by the Linguistics Department: LING204a-b Conversational Navajo LING307a-b Conversational Tohono O'odham (previously known as Papago) LING210 American Indian Languages (a class in the linguistics of Native American Langauges) LING545a-b Structure of a Non-western Language (graduate level) LING597a-b Descriptive Linguistics for Native American Languages (graduate level) For more information on these, please consult our course descriptions , or contact the department Other Native American Languages classes: ANTH482/582 Hopi Language and Culture ANTH489/589 Areal Survey of Native American Languages The department of linguistics also offers an MA degree in the study of Native American languages. The University of Arizona also sponsors the annual American Indian Language Development Institute. Research at the University of Arizona Linguistics department covers many Native American languages, including Salishan Languages, Mayan Languages, Tohono O'odham, Navajo, Hiaki (Yaqui), Oneida, Laguna among others.

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