21. Native American Languages Act Of 1990 (6) The term native american language means the historical, traditional languagesspoken by Native Americans. (a) native american language survival,. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JWCRAWFORD/nala.htm

Native American Languages Act of 1990 P.L. 101-477 (October 30, 1990) This federal policy statement recognizing the language rights of American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders was quietly enacted in the waning hours of the 101st Congress. Sponsored by Senator Daniel Inouye, Democrat of Hawaii, the bill passed on a voice vote in both House and Senate without hearings or any vocal opposition. It authorizes no new programs for Native Americans, nor additional funding for existing ones, but is expected to facilitate efforts to preserve indigenous languages. SHORT TITLE SEC. 101. This title may be cited as the "Native American Languages Act." FINDINGS SEC. 102. The Congress finds that— (1) the status of the cultures and languages of Native Americans is unique and the United States has the responsibility to act together with Native Americans to ensure the survival of these unique cultures and languages; (2) special status is accorded Native Americans in the United States, a status that recognizes distinct cultural and political rights, including the right to continue separate identities; (3) the traditional languages of Native Americans are an integral part of their cultures and identities and form the basic medium for the transmission, and thus survival, of Native American cultures, literatures, histories, religions, political institutions, and values;

22. California Native American Language Map This page gives a picture of the way Native Americans lived in Californiain the past. There artists. The map above shows language groups. http://bss.sfsu.edu/calstudies/NativeWebPages/ca web 1.html

THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE AMERICAN PAGE This page gives a picture of the way Native Americans lived in California in the past. There is also some information about where the groups live today, and some information about festivals and places where artifacts are exhibited, as well as mention of contemporary artists. The map above shows language groups. To use the map, click on a colored area to go to a map of groups related by language, and then click on the color area to find the names of the groups, and once more to display text on that group. Or, you might prefer to access information by group name. Where in the world? Click here for a map of California's location in the United States. This project was created using early ethnographic resources, and attempts to give a picture of what life was like for Native Californias at the time of European contact. Of course, although the ethnographers tried to understand what they saw and were told, they must have made mistakes. The best people to talk to about Native California are the California Indian people themselves. For information on the names of the California tribes and how to contact their Tribal Councils, go to the following web site: http://indy4.fdl.cc.mn.us/~isk/maps/ca/california.html

23. Awesome Library - Social_Studies Languages (Crawford) Provides a research based case for the fact that languages,native american languages in particular, are perishing at an accelerated rate. http://www.awesomelibrary.org/Classroom/Social_Studies/Multicultural/Native_Amer

Awesome Talking Library Examples ... Spelling Here: Home Classroom Social Studies Multicultural > Native American Native American Also Try Ancient History Ancient Native Americans Multicultural Toolkit Native American Confederacies, Nations, and Tribes ... Native American Languages by Confederacies, Nations, and Tribes Lesson Plans History and Cultures of Native Americans - British Columbia First Nations (British Columbia Ministry of Education) Provides nine lesson plans regarding the history and cultures of Native Americans in North America. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. Grade 12. 2-01 Indian Removal Act (Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History) Provides lessons and Web resources for studying this Act and its important consequences in American history. 6-02 Lists -Native American Groups (Awesome Library) Provides sources of information on Confederacies, Nations, and Tribes, in alphabetic order by group. 1-01 -Tribes and Nations - First Nations (Matin) Provides a comprehensive set of resources, organized by subject. 2-01 Aboriginal Peoples Worldwide Links (Henderson) Native American Indian Resources (Giese) Provides sources of information on the cultures of Native Americans.

24. Awesome Library - English 1203. Lists native american language Act of 1992 (Legal Information Institute)Provides the federal act that provides funds for projects to preserve Native http://www.awesomelibrary.org/Classroom/English/Languages/Native_American.html

Awesome Talking Library Examples ... Spelling Here: Home Classroom English Languages > Native American Native American Also Try Native American Confederacies, Nations, and Tribes Native American Languages by Confederacies, Nations, and Tribes Native Americans Lesson Plans Completing the Circle Reading Curriculum (Wambdi.BIA.edu) Does not provide lessons in Native languages, but does incorporate Native culture in the reading program. Designed by Dr. Sandra Fox. 12-03 Lists Native American Language Act of 1992 (Legal Information Institute) Provides the federal act that provides funds for projects to preserve Native American languages. 5-02 Native American Languages (Cheyenne Language Page) Provides sources of information on Native American Languages, listed by language. 5-02 Native American Languages (Indian Languages - Gliese) Provides places that teach Native American Languages, listed by language. 5-02 Native American Languages (Native-Language.org) Provides information on up to 800 languages. 11-03 Native American Languages (YourDictionary.com) Provides language resources by name of group. Includes more than Native American languages, but languages are in alphabetic order. Native American Languages - Alphabetical Order (West) Provides dozens of language links. 7-00

25. Native American Language Programs @ Buffalo Trails - Main Menu All of our native american language programs have been developed in conjunctionwith tribal language retention committees and/or have the endorsement and http://www.native-americans.org/languages/languages-index.htm

Native American Language Programs @ Buffalo Trails - Language Programs - Main Menu All of our Native American language programs have been developed in conjunction with local tribal language retention committees and/or have the endorsement and approval of that nation. All of the Native American speakers spoke their language first - English being their second language. We offer these programs to all people who were denied their language and for all others who want to learn a Native American language. Now you can learn your Native American language with one of these tribal approved language programs. Visit all of these Buffalo Trails links for the best of Native America. Home Cultures ][ Languages ][ Music Videos Books Privacy ... Link to Us Click on your category of interest below to view our Native American Language Programs. You may also go to our Trading Post to explore all of the products available @ Buffalo Trails. Home Apache Language Cherokee Language Cherokee on Disk ... Sioux-Lakota Language ~ Delivering the best of Native America to people around the globe since 1998 ~ ~ Buffalo Trails "Secure Order Form" accepts all major credit cards, and debit cards ~

26. Native American Shopping @ Buffalo Trails - Shop For Language Programs,music,vid Learn your native american language with our tribal endorsed languageprograms or order Native American music, video and books. http://www.native-americans.org/

Native American Shopping @ Buffalo Trails - A Native American Owned Company - Homepage Our Native American Shopping Cart makes it easy to do all of your Native American Shopping @ Buffalo Trails. Learn your Native American language with one of our tribal endorsed language programs or you can order Native American music, videos and books. Listen to free music samples from our growing selection of music titles, read our free newsletter or send a free musical online greeting card to your friends and family. Come back and visit Buffalo Trails often for all of your Native American shopping needs. Our products are 100% Guaranteed. Visit all of these Buffalo Trails links for the best of Native America. ][ Home ][ Cultures Languages Music Videos ... Link to Us ~ Delivering the best of Native America to people around the globe since 1998 ~ ~ Buffalo Trails "Secure Order Form" accepts all major credit cards, and debit cards ~ To learn about CardService International Secured Transactions Click Here Native American Newsletter @ Buffalo Trails Buffalo Trails periodically sends an Email to our members to keep them updated on our website, new products, new issues of our Native American Newsletter, to notify members of our giveaways and to tailor the visitor's experience at our site. Members may opt-out of receiving future mailings at any time by following the unsubscribe information at the end of Email you receive from Native Americans @ Buffalo Trails.

27. Native American Languages native american languages. Variety. A common misconception is thatthere was one native american language. In reality, there http://www.cogsci.indiana.edu/farg/rehling/nativeAm/ling.html

Native American Languages Variety A common misconception is that there was one Native American language. In reality, there were perhaps a thousand languages spoken in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans - about 250 in the present territory of the United States alone. In addition, these languages showed tremendous variety between one another. A trio of individuals from three areas a hundred miles apart might very likely have been completely unable to communicate by speech. There was, however, a sign language used in some areas to allow communication between those of different tribes. This is described in detail in William Clark's book, "The Indian Sign Language". Complexity The spoken languages were neither primitive nor simple, and many had grammars as complex as those of Russian and Latin. However, with the exception of an ideographic system used by the Mayans and their neighbors near the Yucatan peninsula, none of the native languages of America had a writing system until the arrival of Europeans. More on the Mayan system of writing.

28. FAQ:  Siouan And Other Native American Languages Questions about Siouan and Other native american languages. Table of Contents. Wherecan I find out about native american languages? Orthographies. http://spot.colorado.edu/~koontz/faq.htm

References Orthography Language Etymology ... Names Questions about Siouan and Other Native American Languages Table of Contents General References Where can I find out about Native Americans? Where can I find out about Native American languages? Orthographies What is NetSiouan? What is the LaFlesche Orthography? What is the Dorsey Orthography? Particular Languages What are the Siouan languages? How can I learn to speak or read a/my Siouan language? Where can I find information on the Omaha-Ponca language? Where can I find information on the Ioway-Otoe-Missouria language? ... I want to know how to say 'hello', 'goodbye', etc., in ... Etymologies What is the origin of the word Nebraska? What is the origin of the word Sioux? What is the origin of the word Dakota? What is the origin of the word Teton? ... Also, what about Tonto? Naming I want to give my child a Native American given name. I want to give my dog a Native American dog name. I want to give my RV a Native American name. You are the 48303rd visitor since 03/29/98. Revised: August 26, 2003

29. Native American Language Programs @ Buffalo Trails - Main Menu Audiotapes and workbook for Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Kiowa, Sioux, Cheyenne, Din©, Apache, Muskogee/Creek, Mohawk, Lenape/Delaware, Ojibwe, and Passamaquoddy. Secure ordering, links. http://native-americans.org/languages/languages-index.htm

Native American Language Programs @ Buffalo Trails - Language Programs - Main Menu All of our Native American language programs have been developed in conjunction with local tribal language retention committees and/or have the endorsement and approval of that nation. All of the Native American speakers spoke their language first - English being their second language. We offer these programs to all people who were denied their language and for all others who want to learn a Native American language. Now you can learn your Native American language with one of these tribal approved language programs. Visit all of these Buffalo Trails links for the best of Native America. Home Cultures ][ Languages ][ Music Videos Books Privacy ... Link to Us Click on your category of interest below to view our Native American Language Programs. You may also go to our Trading Post to explore all of the products available @ Buffalo Trails. Home Apache Language Cherokee Language Cherokee on Disk ... Sioux-Lakota Language ~ Delivering the best of Native America to people around the globe since 1998 ~ ~ Buffalo Trails "Secure Order Form" accepts all major credit cards, and debit cards ~

30. Native Americans - Native American Languages native american languages. Variety A common misconception is thatthere was one native american language. In reality, there were http://www.nativeamericans.com/NativeAmericanLanguages.htm

Native American Languages Variety A common misconception is that there was one Native American language. In reality, there were perhaps a thousand languages spoken in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans - about 250 in the present territory of the United States alone. In addition, these languages showed tremendous variety between one another. A trio of individuals from three areas a hundred miles apart might very likely have been completely unable to communicate by speech. There was, however, a sign language used in some areas to allow communication between those of different tribes. This is described in detail in William Clark's book, "The Indian Sign Language". Complexity The spoken languages were neither primitive nor simple, and many had grammars as complex as those of Russian and Latin. However, with the

31. Native Languages - Speakers Of The Earth Language learning programs in Cherokee, Choctaw, Lakota Sioux, Navajo, Mohawk, Apache, Kiowa, and other native american languages. Also cultural and shopping resources. http://www.nativelanguages.com/

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32. JEP: Typesetting Native American Languages Typesetting native american languages. by APOSTOLOS SYROPOULOS. The Effectsof Computers on Writing. Typesetting native american languages 14 Lessons. http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/08-01/syropoulos.html

Typesetting Native American Languages by APOSTOLOS SYROPOULOS This paper was refereed by the Journal of Electronic Publishing's peer reviewers. The Sum of Accurate Information Editor's Gloss The Guild Model Intensive Disciplinarity Alternatives to Peer Review ... The Effects of Computers on Writing Typesetting Native American Languages 14 Lessons Desktop Publishing Software Letters to the Editor Front Page All the native American languages spoken today are written either in some Latin alphabet, augmented with "accented" letters, or in a syllabary, a set of indivisible syllabic symbols, each of which represents a syllable. The Apache and the Navaho languages are among the native American languages that use a Latin alphabet, while Cherokee, Inuiktitut, and Cree are among the languages that use modern syllabaries. Syllabaries, common in ancient scripts, were used by the Maya and the Epi-Olmec people of Mesoamerica. Because a syllabary is less expressive than an alphabetic script, it can be transcribed in an alphabetic script without losing meaning. Students of the Cherokee language learn a Latin transcription of the syllabary to make it easier to learn Cherokee. The same characteristics that allow Cherokee to be transcribed into the Latin alphabet allow the creation of typesetting tools for syllabaries. A modern typesetting tool designed to handle syllabaries should allow users to type the symbols either directly (e.g., using a Unicode editor if the script is supported by the Unicode Standard,

33. NAT-LANG (1995): Native American Language Courses native american language Courses. sahgum Maybe reply umberto@cere03.cere.pa.cnr.it Re native american language Courses . Would http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/ng/95/0064.html

Native American Language Courses sahgum@aol.com Tue, 4 Apr 1995 07:23:06 -0400 Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: Cristina S Banfi: "Anuncio de Lista "LATAMLIN"" Previous article: Gary Ingle: "Re: Anishinaabemowin language" Next in thread: umberto@cere03.cere.pa.cnr.it: "Re: Native American Language Courses" Maybe reply: umberto@cere03.cere.pa.cnr.it: "Re: Native American Language Courses" Would subscribers be intersted in knowing of the catalog available from Audio-Forum, The Language Source, 96 Broad Street, Guilford, CT 06437? Among its offerings of 263 courses in 91 languages are the following: Lenape Language Lessons (3 cassettes), Let's Speak Mohawk (3 cassettes and 102-page text), One Thousand Useful Mohawk Words (158 pages), Beginning Tlingit (2 cass. and 208-page text), Beginning Cherokee (2 cass. and 332-p text), Choctaw (2 cass. and 60-p text), Chickasaw (2 cass. and 95-p text), Everyday Kiowa Phrases (1 cass.), Introductory Lakota (15 cass. and 102-p text), Breakthrough Navajo and Speak Navajo Intermediate (2 cass. and

34. NAT-LANG (1990-1993): Native American Languages Act Is Law native american languages Act is Law. native american language endangermentand in many cases, death, are part of the legacy of 1492. http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/ng/93/0014.html

Native American Languages Act is Law John Coleman colemanj@calshp.cals.wisc.edu Wed, 10 Apr 1991 06:11:42 GMT Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: Elizabeth B. Pollard: "Names for the Dakota" Previous article: Claudia Slate: "THE LOST CHILDREN (learning one's native language)" The Native American Languages Act has finally made it into the statute books (as part of the Tribally Controlled Community Colleges Bill, PL101-477). The Act makes it U.S. government policy to "preserve, protect, and promote the rights and freedom of Native Americans to use, practice, and develop Native American languages". Such protection is of course way overdue. Native American language endangerment and in many cases, death, are part of the legacy of 1492. In any case, it is now Federal policy to: encourage and support the use of N.A. languages as a medium of instruction in schools; offer exception to teacher certification programs where necessary to enable hiring qualified teachers who teach in N.A. languages; recognize the right of Indian tribes to give official status to their languages for the purpose of conducting their own business; support proficiency in N.A. languages

35. Native American Languages - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia native american languages. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Native Americanlanguages EskimoAleutian languages Yup ik language; Inuit languages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_languages

Native American languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Native American languages are the indigenous languages of the Americas , spoken from Alaska and Greenland to the southern tip of South America . The Native American languages are not a single language family , but consist of dozens of distinct language families as well as many language isolates Archeological and DNA evidence suggests that the Americas were peopled by migrants from Siberia about 13,000 years ago. From Alaska, the descendants of those first migrants went on to people the rest of North and South America . The language spoken by these early migrants, and the process by which the current diversity of Native American languages emerged, are a matter of speculation. Some evidence suggests that the ancestors of the Na-Dene - and Inuit-Aleut -speakers arrived separately from Siberia some time after the earliest settlers. Several Native American languages developed their own writing systems , including the Mayan languages and Nahuatl , the language of the Aztecs . These and many other Native American languages later adapted the Roman alphabet Aleut was first transliterated into the Cyrillic Alphabet , and later into the Roman alphabet Subsequent to the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492

36. Encyclopedia Of North American Indians - - Languages native american language scholars and educators have extended their languagemaintenanceefforts into the legal arena as part of this general tradition. http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_019500_languages.htm

Entries Publication Data Advisory Board Maps ... World Civilizations Encyclopedia of North American Indians Languages In 1929 the linguist Edward Sapir wrote: Few people realize that within the confines of the United States there is spoken today a far greater variety of languages ... than in the whole of Europe. We may go further. We may say, quite literally and safely, that in the state of California alone there are greater and more numerous linguistic extremes than can be illustrated in all the length and breadth of Europe. . . . It would be difficult to overestimate the value of [the technical studies documenting these languages] for an eventual philosophy of speech. Sapir's words celebrate both the diversity of Native American languages and their contribution to the study of one of the most important capacities possessed by human beings: the ability to construct languages. This contribution began to influence linguistic scholarship as early as the sixteenth century. For example, Fray Bernardino de Sahagún and his Aztec colleagues wrote the twelve-volume encyclopedic work entitled General History of the Things of New Spain (c. 1548) entirely in the Nahuatl language. This and other early recordings of Nahuatl gave us our first extensive written record of a polysynthetic language.

37. Homepage Of The ALR Series Ethnologue Language Family Index Iroquoian; native american languages;Delaware (Lenape) Tribe of Indians Common Words and Phrases in Lenape; http://www.evolpub.com/ALR/ALRhome.html

Evolution Evolution Publishing c/o Arx Publishing, LLC 10 Canal Street, Suite, 231 Bristol PA 19007-3900 Tel.: (215) 781-8600 Fax: (215) 781-8602 Email: info@arxpub.com A Susquehannock, from John Smith's Generall Historie (1624). The American Language Reprint Series Dedicated to the preservation of early Native American linguistic records Main Features Introduction to the ALR series Complete Catalog of the ALR series The Complete ALR series is now available on CD-Rom! "...Highly recommended for libraries and linguists, as well as for individuals interested in early American Indian vocabularies and regional history. Summing up: Highly recommended. Public libraries where interest exists; academic libraries; graduate students and above." "Recommended for academic, public, and high school libraries, particularly those that are developing collections in Native American studies, linguistics, or North American history."

38. Stabilizing Indigenous Languages: Section II (6) The term native american language means the historical, traditional languagesspoken by Native Americans. (A) native american language survival,. http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/stabilize/ii-policy/nala1990.htm

G. Cantoni (Ed.) (1996), Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Flagstaff: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University Policy Documents Native American Languages Act of 1990 PUBLIC LAW 101-477 - October. 30, 1990 TITLE I NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGES ACT SHORT TITLE SEC. 101. This title may be cited as the "Native American Languages Act". FINDINGS SEC. 102. The Congress finds that (1) the status of the cultures and languages of native Americans is unique and the United States has the responsibility to act together with Native Americans to ensure the survival of these unique cultures and languages; (2) special status is accorded Native Americans in the United States, a status that recognizes distinct cultural and political rights, including the right to continue separate identities; (3) the traditional languages of native Americans are an integral part of their cultures and identities and form the basic medium for the transmission, and thus survival, of Native American cultures, literatures, histories, religions, political institutions, and values; (4) there is a widespread practice of treating Native Americans languages as if they were anachronisms;

39. Stabilizing Indigenous Languages: Status Of Native American Language Endangermen Status of native american language Endangerment (3) Michael Krauss. So, perhapstwothirds of Native North American languages are still around. http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/stabilize/i-needs/status.htm

G. Cantoni (Ed.) (1996), Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Flagstaff: Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University Status of Native American Language Endangerment Michael Krauss S peaking of the sacredness of things, I honestly believe, as a linguist who is supposed to view languages as objects of scientific study, that somehow or other they elude us, because every language has its own divine spark of life. Philosophers have said that languages are, in fact, forms of life. I believe that. As I have said before, a hundred linguists working for a hundred years could not get to the bottom of a single language. I never heard any linguist disagree with that statement. Yes and a hundred Navajo linguists working a hundred years on Navajo still, I am sure you would all admit, would not get to the bottom of Navajo. It certainly would help, though, if there were a hundred Navajo linguists working a hundred years on Navajo. Let us hope that Navajo and other such languages will be around for a hundred years. How much longer, though, will these remaining languages survive? That concern brings me here to Flagstaff, because it is up to us more than anybody else to help save these languages. No one today is actively punishing people, as far as I know, for speaking their language in school. Now people are losing their languages further, because they have been brainwashed for generations by English-only policy and pressure in the schools to give up their languages, unnecessarily, in the process of learning English. For their languages, they have been turned into their own worst enemies.

40. The Native American Anthology: Internet Resources The EpiOlmec Script University of California, Berkeley The Mayan Epigraphic DatabaseProject Mayan Hieroglyphs native american languages Oklahoma NativeVoices http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/NAINRES.HTM

Alaska Natives and the Land Claims Settlement Act of 1971 University of Connecticut American Historical Images on File: The Native American Experience Troy Johnson, PhD., California State University, Long Beach The American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz Island, 1969-1971 Troy Johnson, PhD., California State University, Long Beach A Brief History of the Innu A Brief History of the Trail of Tears (Cherokee) Cherokee History Cherokee History Timeline ... Database of Native American Treaties and Federal Laws University of Massachusetts First Nations History Lee Sultzman History and Culture of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe A History of the Northwest Coast A History of the Western Shoshone Scott Robert Ladd Indian Removal Debate, 1830 Kaw Nation History Little Known Historical Facts (Oneida) Native Nations of Iowa ... The Rogue River War: Alea, Siletz: 1894 California State University, San Marcos Treaties Project Oneida Nation Treaty of Fort Stanwix, 1784 Theodore De Bry Woodcuts Troy Johnson, PhD., California State University, Long Beach What Were the Results of Allotment (The Dawes Act, 1887)

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