1. Native American Language Preservation A project of the Center for Applied Studies in American Ethnicity at Colorado State University. http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/CASAE/nalp/

Other sites of interest: Salish Kootenai College Web site . Salish Kootenai faculty were involved in the conception of NALP. The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages University of Colorado at Boulder Linguistics Page Native American Language Preservation Even when there are many speakers of a Native language, that language can be endangered. Native American Language Preservation (NALP) is a national organization consisting of educators and linguists working to teach and preserve Native American languages. NALP is a "committee looking for a project" and its members can serve as consultants and helpers to organizations, groups, tribes, and agencies. NALP can assist tribes in asking themselves the "right questions" about their languages in order to extract the rules of that language so as to better teach it to others. If you are interested in the activities of NALP, please send

2. Index Of Native American Language Resources On The Internet a resource for the Hawaiian language Languages in the USA Maidu Grammar and DictionaryNatick Glossary (small) native american language Center Native American http://www.hanksville.org/NAresources/indices/NAlanguage.html

WWW Virtual Library - American Indians F requently A sked ... uestions for this site This document must be read before sending any email! Search this site The Poster store has been updated to include notecards having Northwest Coast designs and prints of Edward Curtis photographs transfered to canvas. Contribute to the John Kerry Campaign! using your Amazon.com account. Since January 23, over $65000 has been raised through small contributions (an average of about $44) to help John Kerry defeat George Bush in November. You can help too. HIGH VIRUS ALERT - 'Mydoom' Worm Save $5 on McAfee Personal Firewall Plus General Language Resources Alaska Native Languages Map AudioForum.com , offering audio tapes for learning many Native American languages Endangered Language Fund Everson Index of sites with information on standardization of computer support for languages Everson Typography Finding Our Talk , a 48 min. Documentary in Cree with English, French and Inuktitut versions. Foundation for Endangered Languages H-AmIndian Indigenous Languages Links I Love Languages Indigenous Language Institute [Can't connect 3/24/04] Language is the Soul of a Nation International Journal of American Linguistics Intertribal Wordpath Society Language Magazine , language teaching and learning.

3. Native American Language Center The native american language Center is sponsored by the Department of Native AmericanStudies at the UC Davis and the Humanties, Arts, and Cultural Studies http://cougar.ucdavis.edu/nas/NALC/home.html

The Native American Language Center is sponsored by the Department of Native American Studies at the UC Davis and the Humanties, Arts, and Cultural Studies Division of the College of Letters and Science. Director: Martha J. Macri , Exectutive Director: Kirsten Meyer The Center has a dual function: to encourage linguistic research on American Indian languages, and to foster the intergenerational transfer of language knowledge in Native American communities. The overall aim of the Center is to develop a sustained and productive relationship between American Indian linguistic scholarship and the needs and aspirations of Native American people. The Center encourages the active participation of scholars and students, both native and non-native, in the task of language preservation and revitalization, while also providing the resources and support for the training of a new and engaged generation of linguists. Projects sponsored by the NALC J. P. Harrington Database Project Glyph Dwellers An electronic journal of reports from the Maya Hieroglyphic Database Project Maya Hieroglyphic Database Project, sponsored by NEH and NSF

4. Native American Languages native american language Resources. Languages listed alphabetically but these guys actually have a great list of native american language links from many languages not found here http://www.plumsite.com/palace/native.htm

Native American Language Resources Languages listed alphabetically. Updated General: Native American Association of Germany - It sounds weird, but these guys actually have a great list of Native American language links from many languages not found here. The Endangered Language Fund - Information of efforts to save Native languages of the Americas and around the world. Shea's Native Place : Native American publications, language, legal resources, history. Yamada Language Guide - includes lessons, fonts and software. from University of Oregon. Languages listed alphabetically Blackfoot Blackfoot language page Detailed linguistic description of the language; includes bibliography. Ethnologue on Blackfoot - distribution, classification Blackfoot books - primers for learning Blackfoot co-published by the Kainaiwa Board of Education Cherokee Raven's Tsa-La-Gi (Cherokee) Page . Links to Cherokee resources and some language info. Official Site of the Cherokee Nation Cherokee Language Lessons - from Cherokees of California, Inc. Chinook Tewas Wawa : The Chinook Jargon Voice Cree Cree Language Course and Information. Cree is a Native language spoken in central and eastern Canada and is one of the most widely used North American Native languages.

5. NATIVE LANGUAGES PAGE native american language Center at the University of California/Davis Added 6/16/97.native american languages - a clearinghouse of information and resources. http://www.nativeculture.com/lisamitten/natlang.html

NATIVE LANGUAGES PAGE Maintained by Lisa Mitten ; last updated May 27, 2004 Links are roughly alphabetical by language. Aboriginal Languages - Information about the Aanisnaabeg and Ogwehoweh languages from the Woodland Cultural Centre (Added 3/13/96; updated 10/28/97) Aboriginal Languages of Manitoba Added 4/2/04 'Aha Punana Leo - an indigenous Hawaiian language revitalization organization. Added 10/8/99 Alabama Added 10/2/99 Alaska Native Language Center Added 7/1/99 Alaskool - Alaska Native Languages Added 2/23/00 American Indian Languages of Western Oregon Added 10/10/01 American Language Reprint Series - reprints of early works on Eastern Native languages, from Evolution Publishing; now includes a searchable language database that will identify words in English in the language materials published by Evolution. Added 5/10/97; updated 5/19/01 Apache Language Course Added 1/11/00; updated 8/3/03 Apachean Languages and Verbal Art - excellent full text of linguistic resources, including Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Texts by Harry Hoijer and Myths of the Jicarilla Apaches by Frank Turner.

6. Native American Languages - Lady Hawke's Site Lady Hawke's native american language Information Native American Bed and Breakfast's. Native American Crafts. Native American Flute Page. Native American Graphics Page Apache Language program from Native Languages http://ladyhawkesite.tripod.com/language.htm

NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGES Links to Native American languages: Lady Hawke's Main Menu About Me Ghost Dance Native Cookbook Grandmother's - The Old Way's Native American Animal Totems Native American Bed and Breakfast's Native American Crafts Native American Flute Page Native American Graphics Page Native American Languages Native American Links Native American Movie List Newsletter Archives Sponsorship Page Web Awards Page Algonquin Algonquins Algonquin Audio Algonquin's Of Golden Lake First National Algonquin Language Family ... Sweetgrass First Nations Language Council Apache A Simplified Description of Apache Pronunciation Various Indian Peoples Publishing - Apache Apache Language program from Native Languages Apachean Languages and Oral Literatures Arapaho Native Languages Of The America's World Language Blackfoot Blackfoot Audio Samples Language and Phrases Native Language Of The America's Cahto The Cahto Language Cherokee Cherokee Language Lessons Cherokee Alphabet an Pronunciation Table Cherokee language materials from Native Languages Native Nashville Cheyenne Cheyenne place names Cheyenne: 'Silent Night' in Cheyenne Online Dictionary Cheyenne - English - Cheyenne Cheyenne Language program from Native Languages ... Cheyenne Picture Dictionary Chickasaw Various Indian Peoples Publishing - Chickasaw Chickasaw language materials from Native Languages Choctaw Choctaw Language Choctaw Language Department Various Indian Peoples Publishing - Choctaw Comanche

7. CMMR - Native American Resources The CMMR's discernment coupled with expert annotations recommend this as a fine place to start and finish your Web consult on Native American Indian education. An additional section on native american language Resources is provided issues of cultural property, Native American sovereignty, Native American identity, ethnic stereotypes, the http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~cmmr/Native_American.html

CENTER FOR MULTILINGUAL, MULTICULTURAL RESEARCH NATIVE AMERICAN RESOURCES Sites and articles listed here are not necessarily endorsed by the CMMR; they are listed for informational purposes only. An additional section on Native American Language Resources is provided. Full text articles and resources are also provided. If you would like to suggest a site to be added to this listing please visit our " Submit a Site " page. Alaska Native Knowledge Network Designed to serve as a resource for compiling and exchanging information related to Alaska Native knowledge systems and ways of knowing, including a section on 'Native Pathways to Education'. The American Indian College Fund The American Indian College Fund is a non-profit organization launched in 1989 by the presidents of American Indian colleges. Its dual purpose is to raise awareness of the 30 Indian colleges and to generate private support to supplement the limited federal money on which the colleges operate. American Indian Education This section of the California Department of Education Web Site is designed to assist educators in identifying the needs of American Indian students and providing them with high-quality educational opportunities, especially in schoolwide programs. American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC) Contact information and links for Native American Colleges and Universities.

8. Native American Languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 Some authorities suggest that about one half of the native american languages N of Mexico have become extinct is the most widely used native american language in the United States http://www.bartleby.com/65/na/NatvAmlang.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Native American languages It is not possible to determine exactly how many languages were spoken in the New World before the arrival of Europeans or how many people spoke these languages. Some scholars estimate that the Western Hemisphere at the time of the first European contact was inhabited by 40 million people who spoke 1,800 different tongues. Another widely accepted estimate suggests that at the time of Columbus more than 15 million speakers throughout the Western Hemisphere used more than 2,000 languages; the geographic divisions within that estimate are 300 separate tongues native to some 1.5 million Native Americans N of Mexico, 300 different languages spoken by roughly 5 million people in Mexico and Central America, and more than 1,400 distinct tongues used by 9 million Native Americans in South America and the West Indies.

9. Native American Studies, UC Davis Carl N. Gorman Museum native american language Center IRCA Indigenous ResearchCenter of the Americas Glyphdwellers Glyph Dwellers is an occasional http://cougar.ucdavis.edu/nas/home.html

Department of Native American Studies, University of California, Davis Department Office: 2401 Hart Hall, (530) 752-3237, FAX (530) 752-7097 Mailing Address: Native American Studies, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 Staff: Sally Luna Covey, Program Coordinator, Gladys Bell, Graduate Coordinator, Judy LaDeaux, Student Affairs Officer, Connie Zeiller, MSO for Hart Programs We are currently revising our website. All links now work. Further improvements coming soon. ****UC DAVIS POWWOW, APRIL 3-4, 2004**** Click above for more information. Undergraduate Program The Native American Studies major and minor programs provide a multi-disciplinary introduction to the indigenous cultures of North, Central, and South America. They challenge students to consider issues of cultural diversity, sovereignty, and indigenous knowledge systems in preparation for living in a world of constantly increasing social and cultural complexity. Native American Studies is excellent preparation for careers in teaching, writing, scholarship, law, human services, health, tribal administration, social work, and inter-ethnic relations. Schools and agencies in these areas are looking for students with broad interdisciplinary preparation, who possess knowledge and sensitivity relating to ethnic issues and cultural diversity. Requirements for Major and Minor Undergraduate Courses Graduate Program Native American Studies offers M.A. and Ph.D. programs, as well as a D.E. (Designated Emphsis) in conjunction with Ph.D. programs several other departments.

10. Native American Languages History and Discussion of native american languages. Current scholarly approachesto Native American Indian language classification are polarized. http://www.indians.org/welker/americas.htm

Indigenous Peoples' Literature Indigenous Languages Cheyenne Language Web Site Conservation of Endangered Languages Ernie's Learn to Speak a Little Hawaiian Ethnologue: Languages of the world ... University of Michigan Linguistics Archive History and Discussion of Native American Languages At the time of first European contact, probably close to 1,000 American Indian languages were spoken in North, Central, and South America. Although the number of languages in daily use has steadily declined because of persecution and pressures on the Indians to adopt English, Spanish, and other originally European languages, well over 700 different American Indianor, as they are sometimes called, Amerindian or Native Americanlanguages are spoken today. In the United States many of the most famous linguists of the early 20th centuryamong them Franz BOAS, Leonard BLOOMFIELD, and Edward SAPIRtranscribed and analyzed North American Indian languages. Many descriptions of Indian languages are important in the literature of the linguistic school known as American structuralism. Today interest in Native American Indian languages is increasing, and Americanists, as those who study the languages are called, hold regular meetings to report on their findings. Current research on the native languages of the Americas is published in several periodicals, notably the International Journal of American Linguistics.

11. Directory Of Native American & Craft Related Sites - Native-American-Language Directory of Native American Craft Related Sites native-american-language Learn your native american language with our tribal endorsed language programs or order Native American http://www.greattradingpath.com/links/native-american-language.html

Home Indian History Beadwork Huichol beadwork Hilde Barnes Drums Cedar Mountain Greeting Cards Alyssa Hinton Handmade Soap Jewelry Andrew Hunter Pottery Peter B Jones The Artists Contact Us Native-American-Language Home Page ThemeIndex Native-American-Language Other important links. Indigenous Language Institute... InterTRIBAL.net - Langage Recovery and Cultural Preservation... InterTRIBAL.net is a service of Profit Systems Software to support tribal language and cultural recovery efforts worldwide.... Mi'gmaq Mi'kmaq Micmac Online Talking Dictionary - Home page... Mi'gmaq Mi'kmaq MicMac Online Talking Dictionary. The talking dictionary project is developing a 6,000+word Internet resource for the Mi'gmaq Mi’kmaq language. Three speakers record each word.... Our Native American Shopping Cart makes it easy to do all of your Native American shopping. Learn your Native American language with our tribal endorsed language programs or order Native American music, video and books. Listen to free music demos, read our free newsletter or send a free online musical greeting card.... Native American Style Icons...

12. Native American Languages General native american language sites. Linguistic Classification of American Indians;native american language Courses; native american language Resources; http://www.geocities.com/cheyenne_language/langlinks.htm

Native American languages Specific languages Abenaki Alabama Aleut (Unangam Tunuu) Anishinaabe (see under Ojibwe) Apache Arapaho Native Languages of the Americas: Arapaho (Arapahoe, Inuna-Ina) The Arapaho Project (including an on-line dictionary) Blackfoot Cherokee Cheyenne Chickasaw ... Comanche Cree Speak Cree East Cree Creek Creek Language Archive Creek Language Crow Dakota (also see Siouan) Delaware (Lenape) Eskimo (also see under Inuit) Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) Inupiaq Yupik Gros Ventre ... Hocak (Winnebago) (also see Siouan) Hupa Inuit (also see under Eskimo) Inuktitut Iroquois ... Kumeyaay Lakhota (also see Siouan) LAKHOTA.COM Maliseet-Passamaquoddy Menominee Miami ... Mohawk (also see Iroquois) Montagnais Innu (Innu-Aimun, Innu Aionun) Nakota (also see Siouan) Naskapi Innu (Innu-aimun) Natick Navajo Ojibwe Anishinaabe O'odham (Papago) Omaha-Ponca (also see Siouan) Oneida Papago (see under O'odham) Penobscot Potawatomi Salish Natick ... Shoshoni Siouan (see Dakota, Hocak, Lakhota, Omaha-Ponca, Nakota) Spokane Tlingit Unangam Tunuu (see Aleut) Wampanoag Winnebago (see Hocak) Wintu Wiyot (Weott) Yurok Preservation of languages Community effort brings Potawatomi to a new generation of the Prairie Band Hinono'eitiit hoowu'-Arapaho Language Lodge: a Place for our Children, a Place for our Hearts

13. Native Languages Of The Americas: Preserving And Promoting Native American Langu If you are looking for Orrin s homepage, we moved it from here togive more prominence to the native american language pages. Why http://www.native-languages.org/

Native Languages sitemap Support our organization What's new on our site today! Native Languages of the Americas: Preserving and promoting American Indian languages Welcome to Native Languages of the Americas! We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to the survival of Native American languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology. Our website is not beautiful. Probably, it never will be. But this site has inner beauty, for it is, or will be, a compendium of online materials about more than 800 indigenous languages of the Western Hemisphere and the people that speak them. Native Languages of the Americas Online Resources Alphabetical master list of Native American languages , with links to specific information about each language and its native speakers. Linguistic family groupings showing the relationships between Amerindian languages. List of Native American peoples featured on our site. Kids Menu of Native American information presented for younger readers. List of Native American books and other resources by and about American Indians.

14. Alphabetical List Of Native American Tribes And Languages American peoples featured on our site Links to American Indian books and other resourcesClick here for links to general native american language resources. http://www.native-languages.org/languages.htm

Native Languages of the Americas Support our organization What's new on our site today! Native Languages of the Americas: Alphabetical List of American Indian Tribes and Languages Hello, and welcome to Native Languages of the Americas! We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and promoting American Indian languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology. Our website is not beautiful. Probably, it never will be. But this site has inner beauty, for it is, or will be, a compendium of online materials about more than 800 indigenous languages of the Western Hemisphere and the people that speak them. Alphabetical master list of Native American langauges American Indian language families showing the linguistic relationships between Native American languages List of the indigenous American peoples featured on our site Links to American Indian books and other resources Click here for links to general Native American language resources Kids Menu of Native American information Alphabetical List of Native American Tribes and Languages A A'ane (Aane, A'ananin)

15. Native Languages: Links And Resources For Study native american language resource links, college courses, dictionaries, articles,books. INWEWINAN native american languages. Page Navigation Buttons. http://www.kstrom.net/isk/stories/language.html

I NWEWINAN N ative American Languages Page Navigation Buttons I nwewinan is the general Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe) word for language, word root is "characteristic sounds". This page contains AmerIndian language resources. Native Language Act of 1992, 42 USC 2291(b) basic legislation providing for funding to preserve Indian languages. U.S. Federal Register Native Language Development Grants This is the November, 1995 text. You have to get the update to prepare proposals to submit in early January 1997. Places that Teach Indian Languages this will link-to pages maintained by the University of Minnesota's Less Frequently Taught Language Project. For each Native language there is info listing colleges and universities, levels offered, contact people. Ojibwe Anishinaabemowin English - Anishnaabemowin and Anishinaabemowin - English Dictionary lookup word translation. Not too many words in there yet. Try 'HELLO'. Fond du Lac Ojibwe Tribal College project. Verbs, numbers, money, animals from the Fond du Lac Anishinaabemowin translator program Startup page explains program and project Oshkabewis Native Journal emphasis is on Ojibwe language and culture. Tables of contents and subscription info for 2 issues only, no actual content.

16. Native American Languages Back to Main Pagenative american languages. Back to Main Page Dakota Language Lessons You can use this site to start speaking a native american language. http://www.naaog.de/englisch/Links_Languages.html

Native American Languages Back to Main Page Some information on the situation of Native American languages in the US today (source: Turtle Tracks) Native American languages when Columbus landed: 300 Number spoken today: 175 Still spoken in homes by children: 20 Where: Mostly in New Mexico und Arizona Examples: Navajo, Western Apache, Hopi, Zuni, Havasupai-Hualapai Still spoken by parents and elders: 30 Where: Montana, Iowa, Alaska Examples: Crow and Cheyenne, Mesquakie, Jicarilla Apache Spoken only by elders: 70 Where: California, Alaska, Oregon, Maine, Washington Examples: Tlingit, Passamaquoddy, Winnebago, Comanche, Yuma, Nez Perce, Kalispel, Yakima, Makah Spoken by fewer than 10 elders: 55 Where: California, Washington, Iowa, Nord-Dakota Examples: Eyak, Mandan, Pawnee, Wichita, Omaha, Washoe Links to Native American languages: Abenaki Welcome to the Abenaki Language - a lot of words and sentences, with pronunciation (.wav files)! The Abenaki Language - by the COWASUCK Band of the PENNACOOK-ABENAKI PEOPLE, The People of the White Pines. Extensive vocabulary. Alabama Alabama Dictionary Algonquin Algonquins of Golden Lake - Internet project of a Canadian First Nations school, spoken by children (audio) - family, animals, forest, weather, sky, numbers

17. American Indian Language Resources Status of native american language Endangerment Michael Krauss; Stabilizing IndigenousLanguages; A Note Language Lessons native american language Courses. http://cobalt.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp/~krkvls/lang.html

General Featured Site How Many Indigenous Languages Still Spoken in U.S.? How many speakers? Languages, Numbers of Speakers, Location (State/City). James Estes Publications The American Language Reprint Series The American Language Reprint (ALR) series aims to make available the various word-lists, vocabularies and phrase books which were compiled in the early years of North American settlement. International Journal of American Linguistics Papers on Native American Languages (Titles: January 1995 - April 2000) Vernacular Publications/Technical Publications . In the following Native languages: Alabama, Apache, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Dakota, Hopi, Kiowa, Lakota, Mohawk, Navajo, Northern and Southern Paiute, Potawatomie, Shoshone Papago-Pima, Ute, Zuni Language Statistics Alaska Native Language Center Established in 1972 by state legislation as a center for documentation and cultivation of the state's 20 Native languages. American Indian Languages Spoken in the Home U.S. Census 1990 figures Ethnologue: Statistics on all languages spoken in the US U.S. Census 1990 figures

18. NativeWeb Resources: Native American Languages Resource Database / Languages Linguistics / native american languages. Resources44 listings native american language Center UC Davis, US - Southwest, 2635. http://www.nativeweb.org/resources/languages_linguistics/native_american_languag

Home Login Contact Us Resources for Indigenous Cultures around the World Resources Community Services About Us Resource Center Internet Links Nations Index Geographic Region Index Search the Site ... Top 5 Percent Hosted Resources Hosted Pages NativeLaw News NativeTech Site Information Get your FREE EMAIL @NativeWeb.Net! Community About Us Hosting Information ... Resource Database Native American Languages Resources: 44 listings Name and Description Nation Location Hits Alaska Native Language Center US - Alaska Established in 1972 by state legislation as a center for documentation and cultivation of the state's 20 Native languages. Located at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. American Language Reprints homepage Our web site focuses on early primary source material relating to the languages of the Eastern Woodland tribes such as the Nanticoke, Powhatan, Mohegan-Pequot, Mohawk, Wyandot, and many others. It includes a listing of our reprinted books on the subject as well as many free services, including a searchable database of Native American words, and a prototype linguistic atlas. Anishinaabe Language Resources Anishinaabe More sites on www.fdl.cc.mn.us

19. Anthropology, University Of Oklahoma Offers classes in classes in several native american languages and undergraduate and graduate degree programs; Ph.D program concentrations in sociocultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology and archaeology. Features faculty overviews and course descriptions. Located in Tulsa. http://www.ou.edu/anthropology/

Anthropology Department Graduate Programs Undergraduate Program Native American ... Contact Information Department Chair: Dr. Patricia Gilman Undergraduate Advisors: Dr. Karl Rambo and Dr. Lesley Rankin-Hill Honors Advisors: Dr. Karl Rambo and Dr. Patricia Gilman Graduate Liaison: Dr. Paul Minnis Email: anthro@ou.edu Telephone: (405) 325-3261 Fax: (405) 325-7386 Address: 455 West Lindsey Dale Hall Tower 521 University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019-0535 Ear to the Ground !!! News from Anthropology! OU Field School at Jake Bluff Paleoindian Bison Kill 2004 Field School at Bryson-Paddock!!! 2003 Published Books by Anthropology University of Oklahoma Anthropology Department. Webmaster: Kim Tiger . Last updated: June 1, 2004

20. Language Policy -- Endangered Languages The number who speak Navajo in the home remains substantial – 148,530 in 1990,or 45 percent of all native american language speakers (Census Bureau, 1993). http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JWCRAWFORD/brj.htm

Endangered Native American Languages: What Is to Be Done, and Why? By James Crawford The threat to linguistic resources is now recognized as a worldwide crisis. According to Krauss (1992a), as many as half of the estimated 6,000 languages spoken on earth are "moribund"; that is, they are spoken only by adults who no longer teach them to the next generation. An additional 40 percent may soon be threatened because the number of children learning them is declining measurably. In other words, 90 percent of existing languages today are likely to die or become seriously embattled within the next century. That leaves only about 600 languages, 10 percent of the world's total, that remain relatively secure – for now. This assessment is confirmed, with and without such detailed estimates, by linguists reporting the decline of languages on a global scale, but especially in the Americas, Africa, Australia, and Southeast Asia (Robins & Uhlenbeck, 1991; Brenzinger, 1992; Schmidt, 1990). In formulating a response to this crisis, there are three questions that need to be explored: (1) What causes language decline and extinction? (2) Can the process be reversed? And (3) why should we concern ourselves with this problem? Before attempting to provide answers, it would be helpful to look in detail at the situation of Native American languages in the United States.

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