101. Native American BEADS -- History, Cultural Values A US general Accounting Office study done in the mid80 s indicated that native Since the passage of the 1990 native american Arts and Crafts Act, 18 USC Sec. http://www.kstrom.net/isk/art/beads/art_bead.html

H ISTORY, C ULTURAL V ALUES OF B EADS Page Buttons C hoctaw beadwork artist Marcus Amerman created as a beadwork magazine cover the entire portrait of 19th century Crow leader, Medicine Crow, magazine title lettering and all, for the Fall, 1992, issue of Native Peoples magazine. His beadwork portrait was photographed for the cover. Amerman has mastered shading with bands and areas of beads, and has essentially created a new art form. E veryone has seen Native American watchbands, cigarette lighter-holders, belts, purses and other small items. S ince the 1960's, this "modern" beadwork has been imitated in oriental factories and imported very cheaply. It competes with high-quality beadwork of native craftspeople. A U.S. General Accounting Office study done in the mid-80's indicated that native craftspeople have lost tens of millions of dollars in potential sales (over an 8-year period) to such fakes. Since the passage of the 1990 Native American Arts and Crafts Act, [18 USC Sec. 1159, 1993] it is a federal felony to offer imitations as the product of Indian craftspeople. B eads are a many-faceted part of native history in north America and Canada. The 6-strand turquoise necklace at the left was made by the Joe Garcia family, Santo Domingo Pueblo, New Mexico, in 1984. It's a duplicate of one their daughter dances in. The beads are so carefully size-graduated there seems no break between them. Pink spondylus shell (whose use in ornament is very ancient and shows that there were trade routes from the Pacific all over North America) covers the ends of the strands. The necklace is similar to some that were made thousands of years ago.

102. Native American Research-Kentucky Historical Society Research FAQ Byers, Paula K., ed. native american Genealogical Sourcebook. New York Gale Research, 1995. KHS Librarygeneral Stacks 929.1 N278. Carpenter, Cecelia Svinth. http://history.ky.gov/Research/FAQs_Native_American.htm

Research Library Special Collections Research Services ... Frequently Asked Questions Also of interest: Tracing Family History-Suggestions for Beginners African American Research Research FAQs Native American Research An Overview of Native Americans in Kentucky History For thousands of years Native Americans lived and hunted within the present boundaries of Kentucky. However, by the time of the first European settlement in 1774-75, very few Native Americans resided in Kentucky. The Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Shawnee were the three major tribes that influenced Kentucky. The Shawnee was a powerful tribe whose lands included what is now part of Ohio. It claimed the area of Kentucky for a hunting ground and jealously guarded the region. Groups of Shawnee warriors traveled throughout the northern and central portions of Kentucky on hunting expeditions. However, the last settlement of the Shawnee in Kentucky, Eskippakithiki , located in present-day Clark County, was abandoned by 1754. The Shawnee raided the early settlements of Kentucky and did not give up their claims to the area until after the War of 1812.

103. NATIVE native american Tribes Information Virtually Everywhere http://www.afn.org/~native/

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104. ReferenceResources:NativeAmericans Information about all native americans, native americans, native american Nations, Famous native american Leaders, Famous native american Chiefs, Important native americans FIRST americanS native american ANCESTORS. Old World New approximately 80westernnative american tribes, visited and photographed of each native american tribe's life and customs http://www.kidinfo.com/American_History/Native_Americans.html

Reference Resources: Native Americans History Search Engine HistoryWizard : Search for resources and information about the American Revolution Native Americans FIRST AMERICANS: NATIVE AMERICAN ANCESTORS Old World - New World Archaic Period - Spreading Out and Settling In Paleo Indian Period and Tradition Formative Period ... Who Were the First Americans and How Did They Get Here? ANASAZI Anasazi Anasazi, Desert People Anasazi Archaeology Explore the Anasazi Culture ... Who Were the Anasazi POWHATAN Powhatan Nation Powhatan Indians of Virginia Powhatan Indian Village Tell Me About the Powhatan Indians ... Virtual Jamestown: Powhatan THE WAMPANOAG Plymouth Plantation: A reconstructed Wampanoag Village The Wampanoag People Life as a Wampanoag Wampanoag ... What You Need to Know: Wampanoag Indians First Nations of Canada Canada's First Native Groups : Brief information about: Abenakis, Algonkins, Chippewas, Crees, Haida, Hurons, Inuit, Iroquois, Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl), Maliseet, Micmac, Montagnais, Naskapi, Nuu-Chah-Nulth (Nootka), Penobscots, Salish, Sioux, Tlingit, Tsimshian

105. Creek Indian Researcher - Records And Links A collection of resources for those researching their Creek Indian ancestors, and native Americans in general. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~texlance/main.htm

OAS_AD('Top'); A collection of records and links for those researching their Creek - Muskogee Indian ancestors. Last updated May 14, 2004. What's new or upcoming! Guestbook Contact Custom background ... Mirror site CREEK INDIAN RECORDS @ CIR: [Press 'P' to make pages printer friendly] General: BIA Inventory (Oklahoma area) BIA Inventory (Wash., D.C. area) National Archives Microfilm - Indian Rolls Letters Received Creek Nation Tribal Records Enrollment Records: Search the Dawes databases Creek "Enrollment Cases" Index Creek "Memorandums" Creeks "Not Entitled" Census Records: Creek Nation Census Rolls - List. 1832 Creek Nation Census - Alabama 1860 Creek Nation Census 1860 Census 1867 Census of the 1832 Creek Orphans 1870 Payroll 1883 Payroll to the 1832 Creek Orphans 1882 Creek Nation Census 1843 Creek Census - summary only. Emigration records: Emigration Records Emigration rolls and letters 1857 "Old Settlers" Roll 1870-71 "Self-Emigrant" roll 1886 Stidham Roll of "Self-Emigrants" Special File 207 Index to claims of property lost and services rendered during the Creek Emigration, 1827-38. War related records: Creek Indians who served in the "Indian Wars" A list of heirs of Creek soldiers who died during the Seminole War, 1836-7.

106. The Genocide Of Native Americans: A Sociological View THE GENOCIDE OF native AMERICANS A SOCIOLOGICAL VIEW. By genocide we mean the destruction of a nation or an ethnic group. The UN general Assembly adopted http://isis.csuhayward.edu/ALSS/soc/NAN/dd/6800sj/slj.htm

THE GENOCIDE OF NATIVE AMERICANS: A SOCIOLOGICAL VIEW Killing members of the group; Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of group; Deliberately infliction on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. Genocide or the deliberate extermination of one ethnic group by another is not new, for example in 1937 the Pequot Indians were exterminated by the Colonists when they burned their villages in Mystic, Connecticut, and then shot all the other people including women and children who tried to escape. The United States Government has refused to ratify the U.N. convention on genocide . There are many facets of genocide which have been implemented upon indigenous peoples of North America. The list of American genocidal policies includes: Mass-execution, Biological warfare, Forced Removal from homelands, Incarceration, Indoctrination of non-indigenous values, forced surgical sterilization of native women, Prevention of religious practices, just to name a few. By mass-execution prior to the arrival of Columbus the land defined as the 48 contiguous states of America numbered in excess of 12 million. Four centuries later, it had been reduced by 95% (237 thousand). How? When Columbus returned in 1493 he brought a force of 17 ships. He began to implement slavery and mass-extermination of the Taino population of the Caribbean. Within three years five million were dead. Fifty years later the Spanish census recorded only 200 living! Las Casas, the primary historian of the Columbian era, writes of numerous accounts of the horrendous acts that the Spanish colonists inflicted upon the indigenous people, which included hanging them en masse, roasting them on spits, hacking their children into pieces to be used as dog food, and the list continues.

107. Native American Directory A great directory for native american resources available on the web. Please send us your link if it pertains to our native Peoples in any way. Aboriginal and native american Indian Astronomy http://www.powerplace.com/atpost/nativeam.html

Home Shopping Santa Fe Suggest a Link ... Aboriginal and Native American Indian Astronomy - There is a lot to see on this site. You can view Native American constellations, Lakota constellations related to the Black Hills features, stone medicine wheels, solar-stellar observatories, the first (analog) computers and a whole lot more. al intra's NA Indian Web-sites+ American Indian Movement - The Arizona Chapter . American Indian Movement - The Southern California Chapter. American Indian Tribal Directory - excellent resource with directories broken down by tribe, city and state. A publication of the American Indian Heritage Foundation. American Indian Computer Art Project (AICAP) - was created by Turtle Heart, an Objibway artist to allow the exchange of ideas and works relating to Native American Art and Issues. Association of American Indian Physicians - Provides information to enhance the provision of health in tribal communities and assist health care professionals in their efforts to improve health care for American Indian and Alaska Native people Bill's Aboriginal Links: Canada and US - a long list of links.

108. General Information On Native Americans In Arizona. Collection of links dealing with information on native Americans in Arizona. http://jeff.scott.tripod.com/genindian.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" General Information on Native Americans in Arizona Websites Scholarly Indexes Paid American Indian History and Culture http://www.asu.edu/lib/resources/db/aihc.htm Available through Arizona State University, it includes information on Native Americans in the United States, Canada, and Mexico spanning 5,000 years of culture and history. Includes journal articles, maps, photographs and more. Bibliography of Native North American Indians http://www.asu.edu/lib/resources/db/bnna.htm Covers this history, life, and culture of Native North American Indians. 16th Century to the present and includes monographs, essays, journal articles, government documents, historical and ethnographic books, and dissertations. Free Arizona and Southwestern Index http://info.lib.asu.edu/spmi.htm Contains eight separate indexes that pertain to Arizona and the Southwest topics. Includes journal articles, maps, photographs and more. These collections are only available at Arizona State University. Websites Native American Homepages http://www.nativeculture.com/lisamitten/nations.html

109. Native Americans Rawson, Secretary, and passed by the general Court. a method by which the colonial magistrates sought to ensure that surviving native Americans within their http://www.mayflowerfamilies.com/enquirer/native.htm

Home Philip - Other Names! Pocahontas Rare Letter From Casco ... S reserved , Interactive Communications, 1998, 1999,2000 King Philip's War See King Philip's Views See King Philip's Views See King Philip's Views See A Reader Inspired Second Look At Philip's Ancestry ... Visit The Mayflower Site For Additional Coverage "The horrors and devastation of Philip's war have no parallel in our history. The Revolution was a struggle for freedom; the contest with Philip was for existence. The war lasted only about fourteen months; and yet the towns of Brookfield, Lancaster, Marlborough, Medfield, Sudbury, Groton, Deerfield, Hatfield, Hadley, Northfield, Springfield, Weymouth, Chelmsford, Andover, Scituate, Bridgewater, and several other places were wholly or partially destroyed, and many of the inhabitants were massacred or carried into captivity. During this short period, six hundred of our brave men, the flower and strength of the Colony, had fallen, and six hundred dwelling houses were consumed. Every eleventh family was houseless, and every eleventh soldier had sunk to his grave." Charles Hudson: A History of Marlborough Background: That this devastating war did not occur until 1675, some fifty-five years after the Pilgrims arrived, is in itself somewhat surprising. Were it not, perhaps, for the friendly and ever-faithful Sachem Massasoit, events may have taken an entirely different turn. Ravaged by English borne diseases, deprived of their lands in language and interpretations they little understood, Philip (Metacomet) and his warriors came to believe that war was not

110. The History Native American Jewelry Indian jewelry, as it is known today, had origins that probably predate the advent of the persons we describe as american Indians or native americans. http://www.americana.net/jewelry.html

The History of American Indian Jewelry Indian jewelry, as it is known today, had origins that probably predate the advent of the persons we describe as American Indians or Native Americans. However, for the purpose of this paper we will consider prehistoric man as prehistoric Indian. Archeological evidence shows us that stones (including turquoise), shells and fetishes predate the Christian (epoch). Turquoise was found in Hohokam excavations in southern Arizona that date 200 B.C., in central Mexico approximately 600-700 B.C. and in South America ca. 900 B.C. Other beads are even earlier. As Indian jewelry and turquoise are so closely associated this paper will discuss both. Turquoise as a mineral deposit is isolated to a rather limited geographical area in the southwestern United States. Some is found in Mexico but very little and there are some deposits in western South America. We will concentrate on that found in the United States. Prehistoric Indians mined turquoise and turned this product into jewelry, primarily drilled beads and other hanging ornaments. However, archeological findings do include applique on shell and other rock which means that it was probably used with wood for ear decoration as well (the wood would have deteriorated.) Extensive evidence of prehistoric mining operations have been found in several areas to include: The Cerillos and Burro Mountain regions of New Mexico, the Kingman and Morenci regions of Arizona and the Conejos area of Colorado. Turquoise jewelry found in southern Mexico and in excavated mounds east of the Mississippi have been analyzed and proclaimed to be from New Mexico's Cerillos mining area. As this article deals with our Southwest other mining localities are not discussed.

111. World History Archives: History Of Native Americans As A Whole In The U.S. History of native Americans as a whole in the United States. Hartford copyright. The history in general of Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/index-a.html

History of Native Americans as a whole in the United States Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Indigenous Peoples of the Americas The retrospective history of Native Americans as a whole in the U.S. The contemporary political history as a whole in the U.S. ... The IT, media, and telecommunications as a whole in the U.S.

112. The History Of Native Americans In The Andean Region native Americans who tend to live within the boarders of these states are classified there. The history in general of native America. The history of the Mapuche. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/index-d.html

The history of Native Americans in the Andean region Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives Note: The term Andean here is used loosely for states that are to the West and South, even though they may spill into Amazonia. Native Americans who tend to live within the boarders of these states are classified there. The history in general of Native America The history of the Mapuche The history of the Aymara Ordered geographically The history of Native Americans in Peru The history of Native Americans in Ecuador The history of Native Americans in Bolivia The history of Native Americans in Chile ... The history of Native Americans in Argentina Ordered topically The retrospective history of Native Americans in the Andean Region The contemporary political history in the Andean Region as a whole

113. The African THE AFRICANnative american. HISTORY GENEALOGY WEBPAGE. native Am. Genealogy. *****. The African-native american Bookstore. (Coming Soon!). http://www.african-nativeamerican.com/

THE AFRICAN-NATIVE AMERICAN Celebrating the Estelusti ~ The Freedmen Oklahoma's Black Indians Abraham Cow Tom Dosar Barkus Caesar Bruner ... J. Coody Johnson and all 40,000+ Freedmen of Indian Territory and their hundreds of thousands of descendants! FRONTIER FREEDMAN'S JOURNAL INDEX - NOW ONLINE !! New Book on Choctaw Freedmen!! The Choctaw Freedmen and the Story of Oak Hill Industrial Academy by Robert Flickinger (see Heritage Books Site Below, or click on Book or title above ) Current Issues Pertaining to Black Indians Legal Defense Fund Established for Cherokee Freedmen Freedmen File Suit in Federal Court Challenges to Cherokee Election Made by Cherokee Freedmen ... The Oklahoma Freedman Message Board Contents Introduction The Choctaw Freedmen Page Chickasaw Freedmen Resources History Black Indian Slave Narratives Culture and Traditions of Black Indians Freedmen Bibliography List of Freedmen Surnames ... Unique Records for Black Indians Documents Sample Freedman Documents Treaties Pertaining to Black Indians Cherokee Treaty of 1866 Freeing the Slaves Choctaw-Chickasaw Treaty of 1866 Freeing the Slaves Creek Treaty of 1866 Freeing the Slaves Seminole Treaty of 1866 Books Heritage Books: The African-Native American Bookstore (Coming Soon!)

114. Native American Quote's Never! . From the 1927 Grand Council of american Indians. and that the road to spirituality represents the slower path that the traditional native people have http://www.ilhawaii.net/~stony/quotes.html

"Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children." Ancient Indian Proverb "A Mile in His Moccasins" by Lisa Danielle "One does not sell the land people walk on." ... Crazy Horse, Sept. 23, 1875 Luther Standing Bear Oglala Sioux The American Indian is of the soil, whether it be the region of forests, plains, pueblos, or mesas. He fits into the landscape, for the hand that fashioned the continent also fashioned the man for his surroundings. He once grew as naturally as the wild sunflowers, he belongs just as the buffalo belonged.... Out of the Indian approach to life there came a great freedom, an intense and absorbing respect for life, enriching faith in a Supreme Power, and principles of truth, honesty, generosity, equity, and brotherhood as a guide to mundane relations. Black Elk Oglala Sioux Holy Man You have noticed that everything as Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round..... The Sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nest in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours.... Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves.

115. DeviantART: Native-americans Content. nativeamericans ~native-americans. native american. is a deviantART Supporter; is a deviant since Jun 7, 2003, 532 PM; has http://native-americans.deviantart.com/

Want to get rid of ads? Subscribe to deviantART now! deviant ART U sername: P assword: S earch: Browse Shop Today Forum Software Services Content ~native-americans Native American is a deviantART Supporter is a deviant since Jun 7, 2003, 5:32 PM has pageviews last visited 19w 1d 21h 35m 41s ago is currently Status: Member Deviations: Deviation Comments: Deviant Comments: Deviant Comments Received: News Comments: Forum Posts: Journal Entries: Shouts: Favourites: General Gallery Scrapbook Journal Activity Recent Deviations Native American Quotes Nov 2, 2003 Native American Contest Oct 5, 2003 Native Americans ID Oct 4, 2003 Native American Contest 3 Sep 22, 2003 native id Jul 9, 2003 Native Americas Icon Jul 8, 2003 Native Americans-Supporters Jun 8, 2003 Contest - Icon Jun 7, 2003 Contest - DeviantID Jun 7, 2003 Deviation Gallery Recent Favourites "BLACK BEAR" by ~ buffalographics Dec 29, 2003 "FRECKLED FACE" by ~ buffalographics Dec 29, 2003 Legend of the White Buffalo by ~ fotodog Dec 29, 2003 Thanksgiving Lies by ~ azispaz Nov 6, 2003 Prayers at Bighorn by * girlonstage Aug 1, 2003

116. Target : Entertainment : Books : History : Americas : Native American : General Save $4.80 (30%). Through Indian Eyes The Untold Story of native american Peoples by Readers Digest, Jill Maynard Avg. Guest Rating http://www.target.com/gp/browse.html?node=4838

117. Native Americans In The Santa Clara Valley History general, Familial, and Immigration Histories. general; native Americans of California; native Americans of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska; http://www.scu.edu/SCU/Programs/Diversity/scvnat.html

Native Americans Santa Clara Valley The Basics Background Reading Additional Local Publications History [General, Familial, and Immigration Histories] General Native Americans of California Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska Native Americans of the Plains Native Americans of the Southwestern U.S. Native Americans of the Northeast Organizations and Local Resources General American Indian Center and Library (Santa Clara Valley) Stanford American Indian Organization Indian Health Center Native Americans of California Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska Native Americans of the Plains Native Americans of the Southwestern U.S. Native Americans of the Northeast Demographics Animated Census Maps by Ethnic Group, 1940-1990 Lewis Mumford Center for Comparative Urban and Regional Research (select San Jose, CA or San Francisco, CA) Multiracial Patterns in the 50 States Culture [Literature, Food, Dances, Special Events, etc.] General Native Americans of California Powwows in the Santa Clara Valley Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska Native Americans of the Plains Native Americans of the Southwestern U.S.

118. Intro GRADE 3 INDIAN PROJECT. THE FIRST AMERICANS. A long time ago North America was very different from the way it is today. There were no highways, cars, or cities. There were no schools, malls, or restaurants. native Americans. These people have lived in North America for thousands of years, and there are still Indian communities today. native http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/intro.html

GRADE 3 INDIAN PROJECT THE FIRST AMERICANS A long time ago North America was very different from the way it is today. There were no highways, cars, or cities. There were no schools, malls, or restaurants. But even long, long ago, there were still communities . A community is where a group of people work, live, and have fun together. People made their own homes, food, and clothing from the plants and animals they found around them. These first Americans descended, or came, from cave men in Asia. These were the first people to live in North America. That is why we call them Native Americans. These people have lived in North America for thousands of years, and there are still Indian communities today. Native Americans The Northwest Culture The Five Cultures The California-Intermountain Culture ... The Woodlands Culture

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