1. FACT SHEET: NAGORNO-KARABAGH FACT SHEET nagornokarabagh. ARMENIAN RESEARCH CENTER. The University of Michigan-Dearborn. Dearborn, MI 48128 in America as nagorno-karabagh) recently declared independence from of nagorno-karabagh itself, they took up arms to defend their homes, their land, and their ancient culture http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/facts/karabagh.html

FACT SHEET: NAGORNO-KARABAGH ARMENIAN RESEARCH CENTER The University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn, MI 48128 The Autonomous Region of Mountainous Karabagh (also known in America as Nagorno-Karabagh) recently declared independence from Azerbaijan because of continued persecution, oppression, and human and civil rights violations by the Azeri Turks. It was attached to Azerbaijan as an Autonomous Region by Joseph Stalin in 1921 and has suffered under Azeri rule from that time onward. Mountainous Karabagh had a pre-war population of approximately 200,000 people, 77% of whom were Christian Armenians. The remaining 23% were mainly Muslim Azeri Turks. Nagorno-Karabagh's capital is Stepanakert. It has an area of about 1,700 square miles, slightly smaller than the state of Delaware. On December 10, 1991, Nagorno-Karabagh held an independence referendum in which 82% of all voters participated, and 99% voted for independence. On January 6, 1992, the leaders of Nagorno-Karabagh declared independence as the Republic of Mountainous Karabagh (RMK). On January 8, 1992, Artur Mkrtchian was elected President and Oleg Yessaian as Prime Minister of Karabagh by Karabagh's Parliament. Note that this Presidency is not an independent office such as in the United States.

2. Books On Nagorno-Karabagh Books on nagornokarabagh, alphabetized by author. Note to readers just because a title is in English does not mean that the book is in English. Stone, eds. Medieval Armenian culture ( Chico, CA Scholars Press, 1984), pp http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/facts/k_books.html

Books on Nagorno-Karabagh, alphabetized by author Note to readers: just because a title is in English does not mean that the book is in English. We might have added the work to our database based on a citation in a book or article and thus would have no further information on it. Popular Armenian Tales, Volume 5 (Artsakh) (Yerevan, 1966). Armenian-Russian Relations during the First Third of the 18th Century, Volume II (Yerevan, 1967). Grakan Gharabagh: Gharabaghi inknaver marzi eritasard groghneri almanakh (Yerevan: Sovetakan Grogh, 1988) 261 pages. Amnesty International Report 1993 (Washington, D.C.: Amnesty International, 1993) 354 pages. The Truth About Nagorno-Karabakh: Collection of Documents (Yerevan: Yerevan State University, 1989). Popular Armenian Tales, Volume 7 (Artsakh-Zangezur) (Yerevan, 1979). Armenian-Russian Relations during the First Third of the 18th Century, Volume I (Yerevan, 1964). Popular Armenian Tales, Volume 6 (Artsakh-Utik) (Yerevan, 1973). Abrahamian, A. Deciphering Caucasian Albanian Inscriptions (Yerevan, 1964).

3. Nagorno nagornokarabagh Conflict the Focus of Recent Studies Armenian Folk Arts, culture, and Identity/ Nancy Sweezy and Levon Abrahamian, eds http://www.commercemarketplace.com/home/naasr/dec2002booknews.htm

Nagorno-Karabagh Conflict the Focus of Recent Studies The conflict over Nagorno-Karabagh (Artsakh) has been a central component of the Armenian consciousness since the late 1980s, although the roots of conflict go back much further than that. Like the issue of Genocide recognition, Karabagh has remained a lightning-rod topic for scholars, politicians, citizens of Karabagh, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, and members of the Armenian and Azeri diasporas. It is a pleasure, then, to be able to offer the input of Prof. Moorad Mooradian, a specialist in conflict resolution and Visiting Professor at Yerevan State University, who has written and lectured widely on the Karabagh Conflict. In this issue of Book News Mooradian offers an overview of five recently published titles that deal with Karabagh. Caucasus Chronicles: Nation Building and Diplomacy in Armenia, 1993-1994 The author, Leonidas T. Chrysanthopoulos, is a retired career diplomat who served in the Greek Foreign Service and has the distinction of being the first ambassador from his country to Armenia. What makes this book so gripping is that the Ambassador’s recollections are of the most trying days in Armenia’s post independence.

4. CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL HERITAGE OF NAGORNO KARABAGH The numerous archeological documents of the eneolite, bronze and iron ages provethat the culture of nagorno karabagh, in essence, is one of the branches of http://www.karabagh.am/eng/Region v izm/kultura.htm

Main topics Glossary Refugees Region ... page CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL HERITAGE OF NAGORNO KARABAGH Historically, Karabagh was the north-eastern province of Armenia. The establishment of the similar forms of economic activities, customs and habits, as well as the general mentality of its inhabitants served as the background on the basis of which Nagorno Karabagh (Artsakh), together with the other regions, represents an integral part of Armenia in the cultural, economic and linguistic aspects. The numerous archeological documents of the eneolite, bronze and iron ages prove that the culture of Nagorno Karabagh, in essence, is one of the branches of the Armenian culture as a whole and has many parallels with the monuments of the Armenian highlands of the same periods. Below the cultural monuments preserved in the territory of Artsakh Principality are considered. Among the monuments of the pre-Christian period remnants of primitive tribal colonies, ruins of ancient Armenian settlements, including the ones belonging to the period of Ararat Kingdom (Urartu) and the succeeding Armenian kingdom of Yervanids, sepulchres, cult statuettes of the Early Armenian age, boundary stones dating back to the Armenian Dynasty of Artashesids, as well as caps, various household utensils and coins are noteworthy. Thus, the summer residence of the Ararat king Rusa I (1st thousand year B.C.) was based in the territory of modern Istisu (Kelbajar). The town of Tigranakert is the largest and most famous settlement in the territory of Artsakh belonging to the pre-Christian period. It was founded by the Armenian king Tigran II in the year 95 B.C. The ruined of Tigranakert were found in the territory of the present region Aghdam near the border of NKR.

5. NAGORNO KARABAGH: PROBLEM AND CONFLICT of delegations of journalists, workers of science and culture, etc. internationalorganizations, it continues blockading Armenia and nagorno karabagh with the http://www.karabagh.am/eng/Region v izm/zolyan.htm

Main topics Glossary Refugees Region ... page NAGORNO KARABAGH: PROBLEM AND CONFLICT The purpose of this essay is to outline the methodological aspects of the settlement of the Karabagh problem and conflict. The necessity for consideration of the aforementioned issue arose because recently the negotiation process has become the subject of political speculations and the articulated views seem to be the result of the intentional or unintentional misunderstanding. Besides, very often the key issue is shadowed by the technical aspects, and the redundancy of the details makes it difficult to see the picture in its entirety. Following the logic that all that is new is the well-forgotten past, we would like to refer to the main points that were crucial at the first stage of internationalization of the Karabagh problem. Initially there was the clear understanding that the resolution of the problem should be found at the legal level while the settlement of the conflict should be considered at the political level. However, today the efforts are focused on the settlement of the conflict, and the resolution of the problem is regarded as something supplementary and derivative to the settlement. Moreover, as opposed to the "Karabagh problem" which formerly used to be the subject of discussion, the wording "Karabagh conflict" (or "crisis") is more commonly applied. Both logically and methodologically this is wrong and such approach has a negative impact on the ongoing processes.

6. Useful Links About Nagorno-Karabagh USEFUL LINKS. Land and culture Organization (LCO). nagornokarabaghFacts http//www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/facts/karabagh.html. http://nkr.am/eng/links.htm

Mirror USEFUL LINKS Land and Culture Organization (LCO) Nagorno-Karabagh: Facts http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/facts/karabagh.html The Company Arminco NK - is an official Internet provider in NKR http://www.arminco.nk.am/ Nagorno-Karabagh: White Book http://www.genocide.am/genocide/karabakh/nkr/index.htm Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabagh) http://www.allstates-flag.com/flags/az-artsa.html Political resources in the Internet – Nagorno-Karabagh http://www.agora.stm.it/politic/nagorno-karabakh.htm Nagorno-Karabagh – Travelling http://wotan.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/~houssik/arax/nktrav.html Studying the cases of ethnic discords(Nagorno-Karabagh) http://www.cilicia.com/armo19e.html Nagorno-Karabagh http://www.cyberverse.com/~costamun/topics/nagorno.htm Horizon Online – Joe Fiorito– The Montreal Gazette – Nagorno-Karabagh http://armen-info.com/hol/066-01a.htm Artsakh page http://www.cilicia.com/armo19.html Nagorno-Karabagh– the pictures of working table http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/9574/nk_desktop.htm The books about Nagorno-Karabagh http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/facts/k_books.html

7. The Nagorno-Karabagh Crisis A Blueprint For Resolution Washington, D.C., entitled "The nagornokarabagh Crisis A Time for. Resolution." All interested parties to the conflict were invited to. participate in the conference, and many different perspectives on the Rights and Free Expression of culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34e.Committing to Non-Violence http://www.nesl.edu/center/pubs/nagorno.pdf

8. Education And Science After the proclamation of nagornokarabagh Republic in 1991 together with other Artsakhplayed an important role in the development of Armenian culture. http://nkr.am/eng/facts/edu.htm

Mirror EDUCATION AND SCIENCE General information Economy Healthcare Culture ... Religion The creation of educational institutions was always in the centre of attention of the Artsakh Armenians. All the times, school played an important role in the life of the Armenian people, as by the virtue of circumstances, language and literature were among the main preconditions of its existence for centuries. The origin and development of educational institutions in Artsakh began from the invention of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots in the V century. After the proclamation of Nagorno-Karabagh Republic in 1991 together with other branches of national economy, the state pays special attention to the development of educational system – the creation of general education schools, the training of high-qualified specialists and scientific workers in all populated areas. Even in a difficult period of military actions – in 1990 – 1994 – the educational activities in the republic did not stop. In 1991, the total amount of schools in NKR (together with Shahoumian region) reached 214, the amount of pupils – more than 30 thousand. The war caused serious damage to the NKR system of education. School and preschool institutions were destroyed in all settlements occupied by the Azerbaijani troops. Practically all the schools of the town of Stepanakert got damaged from artillery shelling and air-attacks. The restoration of destroyed buildings requires time and serious financial investments. At present there are 149 functionin schools in NKR, where some 22 thousand pupils are educated. The number of teachers reaches 2884.

9. Belfer Center For Science And International Affairs - Publications Stability and Peace in the Caucasus The Case of nagornokarabagh Keynote Address This is not a conflict of culture. Even history is a choice. http://bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/publication.cfm?program=CORE&ctype=event_report

10. PanARMENIAN Network: Library - ȺèܲÚÆÜ Ô²ð²´²ÔÆ ØÞ²Îàô Numerous archeological facts of the eneolite, bronze and iron ages prove that theculture of nagorno karabagh is in fact a branch of a single Armenian culture http://www.panarmenian.net/library/eng/?id=26

11. Belfer Center For Science And International Affairs - Publications is something like the Jerusalem of the nagornokarabagh conflict. Thus, its final status is the to Azerbaijanis as a center of Azerbaijani culture. Among the Azerbaijani cultural http://bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/publication.cfm?program=CORE&ctype=paper&it

12. The Office Of The Nagorno Karabakh Republic In USA Landmine Clearance. Schools, culture and Sport. Landslide and Flood Prevention and of the Foreign Minister, he participated in all negotiations on nagorno karabagh conflict settlement http://www.nkrusa.org/country_profile/president.html

About the NKR Office NKR Representative in USA Office Staff Position Papers ... Articles and Interviews javascript:toggleClamShellMenu('menu2') H. E. Arkady Ghoukasian President of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic Arkady Ghoukasian was born in Stepanakert, Nagorno Karabagh on June 22, 1957. In 1979 he graduated from Yerevan State University with a degree in linguistics. He started his working career as a corespondent for "Soviet Karabagh" newspaper, becoming its Deputy Editor-in-Chief in 1981. In 1991 Arkady Ghoukasian was elected to the first Parliament of the Nagorno Karabagh Republic. In September of 1992, he was appointed the Political Adviser to the Chairman of the State Defense Committee (SDC), and headed the NKR delegations during OSCE negotiations with Azerbaijan. Arkady Ghoukasian has been a member of the Nagorno Karabagh's Security Council since 1993. On July 23, 1993 Arkady Ghoukasian became the first Foreign Minister of the Nagorno Karabagh Republic. In his capacity of the Political Adviser to the to the SDC Chairman and of the Foreign Minister, he participated in all negotiations on Nagorno Karabagh conflict settlement. Arkady Ghoukasian gave lectures on Karabagh conflict settlement at a number of renowned international institutions, including the International Diplomatic Academy of France, George Washington University, and the World Affairs Council (LA). He also participated in hearings on the Karabagh conflict in the State Duma of the Russian Federation and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

13. Neery Melkonian Presents Work Of NK (Nagorno-Karabagh) ARTS In NK ARTS is a nonprofit organization that was started by Melkonian in the springof 1999, to introduce the rich culture of nagorno-karabagh (Artsakh) to the http://armenianstudies.csufresno.edu/hye_sharzhoom/vol24/may2003/nk_arts.htm

Armenian Studies Program http://armenianstudies.csufresno.edu Home Search Feedback Scholarships Neery Melkonian Presents Work of NK (Nagorno-Karabagh) ARTS in Shushi Gevork Aristakesyan Staff Writer On Wednesday, March 5 the Armenian Studies Program and the Armenian Students Organization hosted a special presentation by Neery Melkonian of NK ARTS. NK ARTS is a non-profit organization that was started by Melkonian in the spring of 1999, to introduce the rich culture of Nagorno-Karabagh (Artsakh) to the world. Nagorno-Karabagh is an independent republic in the Caucasus, where its predominantly Armenian population fought a six-year war with neighboring Azerbaijan for its independence. The plan was to develop an annual cultural festival in the city of Shushi, so in 2001 NK ARTS held its first annual arts festival. More than 1200 people enjoyed the music and the arts that were presented. NK ARTS consists of five branches, of which the Shushi festival is the conduit. The goal is to make the festival into an international destination for world festival goers. The Karabagh government has been helpful to NK ARTS, providing logistical support and transportation.

14. Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Turk karabagh Qarabagh Turkic Crimes FOREIGN POLICY. culture. INDUSTRY. DOMESTIC POLICY. FORCES. PRESS Note to Readers Events at the height of the nagornokarabagh conflict, from http://window.to/Azerbaijan

domain names and web hosting and url forwarding from V3 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan,Turk,Karabagh,Qarabagh,Turkic Crimes Click here to continue

15. BCSIA - Publication - Shusha's Pivotal Role In A Nagorno-Karabagh Settlement is especially endeared to Azerbaijanis as a center of Azerbaijani culture. the rightsand security of the Azerbaijani population of nagornokarabagh should not http://bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/publication.cfm?ctype=paper&item_id=124

16. ARMENIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION - CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPO The flag of the Republic of nagornokarabagh (Artsakh) was adopted on June 2nd 1991 highly distinctive and individual and encapsulates its nation's history, culture and aspirations http://www.calpoly.edu/~asaclub/karabakh.htm

A RMENIAN S TUDENT A SSOCIATION C AL P OLY S AN L UIS O BISPO A BOUT A RMENIA Stats and Geography Geography and Population Political Structure Brief History ... Tourism Republic of Nagorno Karabagh (Artsakh) Facts about Republic of Karabagh Total land area: 4,400 sq Kilometers Bordering states: Republic of Azerbaijan. At its closest point, Karabagh. is 4 km. from Armenia to its west. Territories currently held by Karabagh make it contiguous with Armenia to the west and with Iran to the south. Capital of Karabagh: Stepanakert Largest cities/towns: Stepanakert, Shushi, Martakert, Askeran, Martuni, Hadrut Flag: Three equal horizontal stripes of red, blue and orange, with a westwards pointing step like arrow (White division).

17. BCSIA - Publication - The Limits Of Culture: Islam, Foreign Policy, And The Casp If culture has a strong effect on Caspian states’ foreign policies, the place inits conflict with Christianmajority Armenia over nagorno-karabagh, Iran has http://bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/publication.cfm?ctype=event_reports&item_id=109

18. The Armenian Church | Nagorno Karabagh culture. Search this site Share this page with a friend! Enter recipient semail nagorno-karabagh Conflict Conciliation. Over http://www.armenianchurch.org/heritage/history/nagorno2.html

Daily Scripture Daily Prayer eCards Saints/Feast Days ... Connect History Armenian History Key Events in Armenian History St. Gregory the Enlightener St. Vartan the Warrior ... 1700th Anniversary Culture Armenian Language Armenian Music Armenian Traditions Your Family History ... Useful Armenian Terms Search this site: Share this page with a friend! Enter recipient's e-mail: Over a decade ago, the Armenians of Mountainous Karabagh (also known as Nagorno-Karabagh, a small region in the Caucasus) stood at the head of the forces leading to the downfall of the Soviet Union during their own struggle for self-determination and freedom from tyranny.  They were forced to fight a bitter battle against Azerbaijani nationalists, the latter at times supported by Soviet military force.  They eventually succeeded in taking control of their ancestral territory, in which they remained a demographic majority.  Today, though the military battles have died down, this land and its people still lie at the crossroads of East and West, and many world powersthe U.S., Russia, France, Iran and Turkey includedattempt to shape the forthcoming peace to suit their own interests. Historical Background: Mediation / Reconciliation Efforts: International mediation efforts had already begun in 1991.  All the major powers of the regionIran, Turkey, and Russiamade attempts, as was to be expected.  The United States, as a world power, and several of the states of Western Europe, also had an interest in the region.  A number of major international organizations, such as the United Nations, were involved.  Even more distant countries like Kazakhstan, or internationally unrecognized countries like Chechnya, offered to mediate the conflict.  Ultimately, it was the Minsk Group of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE, formerly CSCE) which provided the framework for the major mediation effort, which included most of the interested powers with the notable exception of Iran.

19. The Armenian Church | Nagorno Karabagh culture. Search this site Share this page with a friend! Enter recipient semail nagorno-karabagh. Much of karabagh in ancient http://www.armenianchurch.org/heritage/history/nagorno.html

Daily Scripture Daily Prayer eCards Saints/Feast Days ... Connect History Armenian History Key Events in Armenian History St. Gregory the Enlightener St. Vartan the Warrior ... 1700th Anniversary Culture Armenian Language Armenian Music Armenian Traditions Your Family History ... Useful Armenian Terms Search this site: Share this page with a friend! Enter recipient's e-mail: Nagorno-Karabagh Diocese of the Armenian Church of America (Eastern) . Web site by Eric Stoltz.

20. THE 80-th ANNIVERSARY OF THE ARMENIAN POGROMS IN SHUSHI was opened on March 23 in the nagorno karabagh Museum of Regional Studies. NKR Ministerof Foreign Affairs Naira Melkoumian and Minister of culture, Youth and http://www.geocities.com/master8885/DPolicy/shushi.htm

BACK THE 80-th ANNIVERSARY OF THE ARMENIAN POGROMS IN SHUSHI In 1918, in the course of the Turkish-German territorial expansion in the Transcaucasus, the occupants created a puppet pro-Turkish unit of "Azerbaijan" which immediately claimed some historically Armenian territories, including Nagorno-Karabagh. Over the latest 80 years of its history Shushi endured many other tragic periods. Soviet Azerbaijan continued the anti-Armenian policy by conducting planned ethnic cleansing. In 1988, the last Armenian population of the historic citadel of Nagorno-Karabagh (about 2000 people) was deported from the town. Since the autumn 1991, with the intensification of the military activities unleashed by Azerbaijan, the NKR capital Stepanakert was systematically shelled by artillery from Shushi which is situated much higher than Stepanakert. Complete destruction threatened Stepanakert. On May 9, 1992, the NKR self-defense forces liberated the town by storm. Today the deported population, including refugees from Baku, Sumgait and other towns and regions of the former AzSSR, is moving back to Shushi. The town is being gradually restored, the economic sphere is being regulated, and the social conditions are being improved. In connection with the 80-th anniversary - on March 23 - of the Armenian pogroms in the town of Shushi, committed by the Tatar-Azeris in 1920, a number of events has taken place in the NKR, in accordance with the Resolution of the NKR Government. In particular, on March 20, 2000, a memorial stone was erected in Shushi, in the place of the future monument to the victims of the massacre. The NKR Government submitted a proposal to the Republic's National Assembly to set up March 23 as the Memory Day of the victims of the Armenian massacre committed in Shushi in 1920.

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