41. Fast Arithmetic Tips Three categories defensive know to check an answer, offensive - fast mental calculations, and math magic. http://www.cut-the-knot.com/arithmetic/rapid/index.shtml

CTK Exchange Front Page Movie shortcuts Personal info ... Recommend this site Fast Arithmetic Tips The skills of computing fast might be classified into three broad categories. Offensive. The purpose is getting the result fast. Answer: 50 = 9. Therefore Defensive. The purpose is to quickly establish implausibility of a result. divisible by 9 which is not divisible by 9. The correct answer is 1638. Entertaining. The purpose is to stun with the ability to produce a result as much as with the result itself. Think of a 3-digit number. Write it in reverse. Subtract the smaller of the two from the larger one. Give me the first two digits of the result. I'll respond with the remaining digit. On Internet Alexander Bogomolny G o o g l e Web Search Latest on CTK Exchange Math Glossary on CTK website Posted by 1mathworld24 1 messages 03:34 PM, Mar-01-04 Conversions Posted by Raelynn 2 messages 11:26 AM, May-25-04 Reuleaux's triangle Posted by David 1 messages 08:28 PM, May-29-04 property of power of 2 Posted by japam 0 messages 02:05 PM, May-30-04

42. From Arithmetic To Cryptology From arithmetic to Cryptology. Conference on 1600. For further information, please send an email to From arithmetic to Cryptology. http://www.exp-math.uni-essen.de/~birthday/

From Arithmetic to Cryptology Conference on the occasion of Gerhard Frey's 60th birthday July, 8 - 10, 2004 University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen Campus, Germany From Thursday July 8 to Saturday July 10 2004, we want to celebrate Gerhard Frey's 60th birthday with an international research conference at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen Campus. The following topics will be of premier importance in the conference: Diophantine equations Curves and fundamental groups Abelian varieties Modular forms and modular curves Application of the above to cryptology Speakers: Jannis Antoniadis (University of Crete, Greece) Eva Bayer-Fluckiger (Ecole Polytechnique Federale, Lausanne, Switzerland) Pilar Bayer (University of Barcelona, Spain) Nigel Boston (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA) Bas Edixhoven (University of Leiden, Netherlands) Moshe Jarden (University of Tel Aviv, Israel) Wulf-Dieter Geyer (University of Erlangen, Germany) Ernst Kani (Queen's University, Kinston, Canada) Ian Kiming (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) Kumar Murty (University of Toronto, Canada)

43. Announcement - Arithmetic CD arithmetic CD. Order Online or use Mail Order. The arithmetic CD contains over 1700 basic arithmetic lessons for Kindergarten through 8th grade level students. http://www.aaamath.com/cd/

Arithmetic CD Order Online or use Mail Order The Arithmetic CD contains over 1700 basic arithmetic lessons for Kindergarten through 8th grade level students. All of the lessons have an explanation, interactive practice, and challenge games. The CD is available to be shipped worldwide. Bonus!! The CD contains a light colored version of all the pages in addition to the brighter colored pages. All of the lessons are the same, just the page backgrounds are lighter or more brightly colored. This helps greatly with some computer monitors that have an especially bright screen. Each lesson page on the CD has a "Report Totals" button that provides a summary of the number of problems completed and the scores. The CD also has a progress report form for each grade to record practice and improvements. Each of the two versions on the CD contains approximately 1700 pages of interactive math lessons. The lessons are arranged into grades (K-8) and into math topic areas (e.g. fractions). A table listing the number of lessons in each category can be found here. The lessons on the CD consist of interactive html files and require a web browser to operate. The CD and lessons are compatible with Windows 3.1, 95, 98, NT, ME and 2000

44. Alina Carmen Cojocaru Fields Institute. arithmetic geometry with techniques from analytic number theory. Preprints and other links. http://www.math.princeton.edu/~cojocaru/

My research My teaching Number theory links Other links Dr. ALINA CARMEN COJOCARU Princeton University Mathematics Department 810 Fine Hall, Washington Road Princeton, NJ 08544-1000 USA Phone: (office) (609) 258-5803; (home) tba Fax: tba cojocaru@math.princeton.edu NB: The page needs to be updated. I will do it soon.

45. General Decimal Arithmetic While suitable for many purposes, binary floatingpoint arithmetic should not be used for financial, commercial, and user-centric applications or web services http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/

General Decimal Arithmetic FAQ Bibliography Arithmetic specification Encoding ... Related links Most computers today support binary floating-point in hardware. While suitable for many purposes, binary floating-point arithmetic should not be used for financial, commercial, and user-centric applications or web services because the decimal data used in these applications cannot be represented exactly using binary floating-point. (See the Frequently Asked Questions pages for more explanation and examples.) The problems of binary floating-point can be avoided by using base 10 (decimal) exponents and preserving those exponents where possible. This site describes a decimal arithmetic which achieves the necessary results, is suitable for both hardware and software implementation, and conforms to the relevant ANSI, IEEE, and ECMA standards . Notably, a single data type can be used for integer, fixed-point, and floating-point decimal arithmetic. This first document describes the decimal arithmetic in a language-independent and representation-independent manner: Arithmetic Version Description Specification .html .pdf .ps Decimal floating-point arithmetic, with unrounded and integer arithmetic as a subset (IEEE 754R + IEEE 854 + ANSI X3.274 + ECMA 334 + Java 1.5).

46. Arithmetic Practice Select Subject, Select Subject. Resources, http://www.math.com/students/practice/arithmeticpractice.htm

Home Teacher Parents Glossary ... Email this page to a friend Select Subject -Select Subject Basic Math Everyday Math Pre-Algebra Algebra Geometry Trigonometry Statistics Calculus Advanced Topics Others Resources Cool Tools References Test Preparation Study Tips ... Wonders of Math Search Practice basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. 1. Choose an operation 2. Choose numbers from to 12 3. Go! Add Subtract Multiply Divide Random operator High number: Low number: seconds remaining answered correctly answered incorrectly A gift to the children and math students of the world from the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory You may copy this code, use it and distribute it free of charge, provided you do not alter it or charge a fee for copying it, using it, or distributing it. Click here to copy code Contact us Partnership Link to us ... Legal Notices . Please read our Privacy Policy

47. 2004 Lebanon CIMPAUNESCO summer school. Beirut, Lebanon; 516 July 2004. http://math-adrar.ujf-grenoble.fr/CIMPA/Anglais/2004Prog/Lebanon04.html

2004 Lebanon Accueil Remonter Syria Morocco ... Chile Lebanon Irak Taiwan Tunisia Ruhuna ... Home Down CIMPA-UNESCO-LEBANON Algebraic Geometry and Arithmetic of Curves Objectives : This school will present various aspects of the theory of algebraic curves, as a way of introducing students, as well as researchers not specializing in these fields, to the areas of algebraic geometry and arithmetic geometry. A related goal is to assemble a regional network of mathematicians working in algebra, number theory, and algebraic geometry. The school also aims to promote collaboration between mathematicians from the region and research teams in Europe, both on the level of joint research projects and in shared advising (co-advising) of thesis students. The school will help students from the region complete their mathematical training, with the goal of eventually entering a doctoral program, while at the same time making contact with potential thesis advisors or co-advisors. Scientific committee and speakers: Fouad Elzein, Univ. Nantes

48. Vector Arithmetic Vector arithmetic. This representation of position is called a vector . Just as there is an arithmetic of numbers, there is an arithmetic of vectors. http://www.mcasco.com/p1va.html

Vector Arithmetic Are these the arrows of outrageous fortune of which we have heard?... In measuring position by distance and direction we used a line with an arrowhead on it. This representation of position is called a "vector". Just as there is an arithmetic of numbers, there is an arithmetic of vectors. We are going to be interested in motion of particles and have already said that motion is change in position over time. To get a change in a number it is customary to subtract the initial value from the final. To get a change in position we will use the same technique, subtracting the starting position from the ending. So how would you subtract two positions? Well it is most convenient to think of the positions as vectors to do this. We have identified a line segment with direction and magnitude as a vector. If V V To add vectors there are two techniques available, geometric addition and algebraic addition. Both yield the same result. The choice of which technique to use in adding vectors depends on the application and is a matter of convenience. First we will discuss geometric vector addition. Since a vector is defined by its magnitude and direction, changing its location in our reference frame without changing its direction or magnitude leaves it the same vector. We are free to relocate a vector anywhere in our space where we find it convenient. To add vectors geometrically we just place the tail of one at the head of the other. The sum then is a vector from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last. Run the

49. Computer Arithmetic Algorithms Computer arithmetic Algorithms, 2nd Edition. by Powerpoint Slides for Instructors. The Computer arithmetic Algorithms Simulator. A http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/arith/

Computer Arithmetic Algorithms, 2nd Edition by Israel Koren Published by: A. K. Peters , Natick, MA, 2002 ISBN 1-56881-160-8 The table of contents and main features - GIF file or PostScript file Main features - Second Edition (pdf file) Powerpoint Slides for Instructors The Computer Arithmetic Algorithms Simulator A review of the 1st edition of the book from IEEE Computer Magazine A review of the 2nd edition of the book in Analog Dialogue Solutions to selected problems (Chapters 1 - 10) (PostScript file) (PDF version) Solutions to almost all the problems (For instructors only: You should contact the publishers to get your password) Transparency masters for the book Relevant links koren 'at' ecs.umass.edu Last updated February 8, 2003

50. Evelina Viada's Home Page ETH Z¼rich. arithmetic of abelian varieties. http://www.math.ethz.ch/~viada/

Evelina Viada Departement Mathematik ETH Zentrum Switzerland (office phone) e-mail: viada@math.ethz.ch Preprints Slopes and Abelian Subavieties. Minimal Elliptic Isogenies. Intersecting a Curve and Algebraic Subgroups in a Product of Elliptic Curves.

51. Frege's Logic, Theorem, And Foundations For Arithmetic By Edward N. Zalta of Stanford University. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege-logic/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change DEC Frege's Logic, Theorem, and Foundations for Arithmetic Frege formulated two distinguished formal systems and used these systems in his attempt both to express certain basic concepts of mathematics precisely and to derive certain mathematical laws from the laws of logic. In his Begriffsschrift of 1879, he developed a second-order predicate calculus and used it both to define interesting mathematical concepts and to state and prove mathematically interesting propositions. However, in his Grundgesetze der Arithmetik of 1893/1903, Frege added (as an axiom) what he thought was a distinguished logical proposition (Basic Law V) and tried to derive the fundamental theorems of various mathematical (number) systems from this proposition. Unfortunately, not only did Basic Law V fail to be a logical proposition, but the resulting system proved to be inconsistent, for it was subject to Russell's Paradox. Although the inconsistency in Frege's Grundgesetze is widely known, it is not very well known that a deep theoretical accomplishment can be extracted from his work. The

52. EIMI: Arithmetic Geometry Conference Euler International Mathematical Institute, St Petersburg, Russia; 2026 June 2004. http://www.pdmi.ras.ru/EIMI/2004/AG/

International conference ARITHMETIC GEOMETRY June 20-26, 2004 St Petersburg, RUSSIA SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE Ch.Deninger (director of SFB, Muenster) I. Fesenko ( Nottingham ) A.Parshin ( Moscow ) S.Vostokov ( St. Petersburg ) ORGANIZING COMMITEE S.Vostokov ( St. Petersburg ) A.Parshin ( Moscow ) I.Panin ( St. Petersburg ) M.Bondarko ( St. Petersburg ) LIST OF SPEAKERS Amnon Besser Ben Gurion Yuri Bilu Bordeaux Michael Bondarko St. Petersburg Ted Chinburg Pennsylvania Joachim Cuntz Muenster Christopher Deninger Muenster Ivan Fesenko Nottingham Luc Illusie Paris-Sud Kazuya Kato Kyoto Toshiyuki Katsura Tokyo Nobushige Kurokawa Tokyo Falko Lorenz Muenster Loic Merel Paris Bernardus Moonen Amsterdam Tetsuo Nakamura Tohoku Alexei Parshin Moscow Vladimir Popov Moscow Christophe Soule Bures Sur Yv Martin Taylor Manchester Sergei Vostokov St. Petersburg Jean-Pierre Wintenberger Strasbourg Gisbert Wuestholz ETH Zurich Yuri Zarhin Penn State Further information First conference on arithmetic geometry Back to the EIMI home-page Back to the Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics

53. Computer Arithmetic Algorithms Simulator A companion website to the book Computer arithmetic Algorithms by Israel Koren. About this site. THE ALGORITHMS Addition. Ripple http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/arith/simulator/

A companion website to the book " Computer Arithmetic Algorithms " by Israel Koren. About this site. THE ALGORITHMS: Addition Ripple-Carry Addition Manchester Adder Carry-Look-Ahead Adder Ling's Adder ... Hybrid Adder (Lynch and Swartzlander) Multiplication Sequential Booth's Algorithm Modified Booth's Algorithm Two's Complement Array Multiplier ... Fused Multiplier-Adder Division Restoring Non-Restoring SRT Radix-2 SRT Radix-4 ... By Reciprocation Square Root Restoring Non-Restoring SRT Radix-2 SRT Radix-4 ... By convergence Floating-Point Arithmetic Addition and Subtraction Multiplication and Division Division by Convergence Error Analysis Elementary Functions Exponential Logarithmic Trigonometric Inverse Tangent Unconventional Number Systems SD Addition and Subtraction Residue Addition and Multiplication Sign-Log Arithmetic Operations Miscellaneous Wallace Carry-Save Tree Overturned Stairs Carry-Save Tree Radix Conversion Saturating Counters Last modified August 22, 2003 Send questions and comments to koren 'at' ecs.umass.edu

54. Modular Arithmetic Index Clock (Modular) arithmetic Pages. On these pages clock arithemtic. Other people s web pages on clock arithmetic and secret codes. Chryzodes http://www.math.csusb.edu/faculty/susan/modular/modular.html

Clock (Modular) Arithmetic Pages On these pages you can learn about modular arithmetic, which is arithmetic on a circle instead of a number line. Some of these materials have been used with current and future teachers (elementary and middle school), and with actual kids as young as second grade. I hope that anyone who is interested in numbers can find something to learn from here. Explanations The short (well, medium length) version: What is clock arithmetic? [Coming soon] The long version: What is clock arithmetic? [Coming later] What is clock arithmetic good for? (Hint: just ask the National Security Agency. Also see the references below about RSA and PGP.) Tools A calculator for renaming numbers on a clock. A calculator for arithmetic (+, -, x) on a clock. [Coming soon] A calculator for dividing on a clock. [Coming soon] A calculator for exponentiation on a clock. An encoder for secret message"code.html">encoder for secret messages encoded/decoded using clock arithmetic. [Coming soon] A decoder for secret messages. Activities Number bracelets: a game/activity that is based on clock arithemtic.

55. Modular Arithmetic Clock arithmetic. Clock (or modular) arithmetic is arithmetic you do on a clock instead of a number line. A useful shortcut. arithmetic. http://www.math.csusb.edu/faculty/susan/number_bracelets/mod_arith.html

Clock Arithmetic Clock (or modular ) arithmetic is arithmetic you do on a clock instead of a number line. On a 12-hour clock, there are only 12 numbers in the whole number system. However, every number has lots of different names. For example, the number before 1 is 0, so 12=0 on a 12-hour clock. If you don't have a java-enabled browser, you won't be able to see this applet. Here is a 12-hour clock showing several of the names for each number. Clock arithmetic has negative numbers, but each negative number has a positive number name. If you don't have a java-enabled browser, you won't be able to see this applet. Usually people decide on one set of standard names for the numbers on the clock, and they usually start with 0, not 1. So let's use for the standard names on the 12-hour clock. Find the standard names for these numbers on a 12-hour clock. Try to find shortcuts to save work. Answers. A useful shortcut. Arithmetic In clock arithmetic, you can add, subtract, and multiply; you can divide by some numbers. Addition and subtraction Addition and subtraction work the same as on a number line. For example, to add 9 and 7, start at 0, count 9 along the line, then count 7 more. You are at 16. If you count on a 12-hour clock, you will be at 4.

56. Large Number Arithmetic In BASIC Library for largeinteger arithmetic, plus some number theory modules. http://www.home.zonnet.nl/vspickelen/Largefiles/LargeInt.htm

Big-integer arithmetic in BASIC Euclid (flourished ca. 300 B.C.) The material presented on this page is due to my interest in number theory. It's a field whence originate many classic algorithms you can't wait to implement in your chosen programming language and watch them work their magic. Alas, as soon as things get captivating, you run unto the limits the hardware imposes. Personal computers just aren't built to perform arithmetic on really large numbers. I browsed the web in search of tools and found professional big number libraries for C++, Java and Perl in abundance. Great stuff, but not what I needed: I'm versed in BASIC, and just wanted to write some concise multiple-precision routines without having to make myself conversant with another language first. So I set out to implement basic arithmetic operations on scale-10,000 numbers stored in 4-byte long-integer arrays. Operators made way for subroutines, and pointers replaced the usual variable names. Some useful functions were added in the process. I've been playing around with these routines for a while now, and think they're running fine. Here are the contents of the header-file that comes with my library: LargeInt.h

57. Architecture & Arithmetic Group This page has moved to http//arith.stanford.edu In one moment you ll be there . http://umunhum.stanford.edu/

This page has moved to http://arith.stanford.edu In one moment you'll be there....

58. GTEM - Post-doc Positions EC research network coordinated in Paris. http://www.math.jussieu.fr/~leila/gtem/gtem.html

A Research Training Network of the European Community European Research Training Network GTEM Galois Theory and Explicit Methods in Arithmetic Programme Teams Hiring Positions ... Reporting This network unites twelve European teams for a period of four years, from October 1, 2000 until September 30, 2004, for the purpose of initiating joint research projects and conferences, and hiring pre- and postdoctoral researchers. For information about workshops and conferences particularly interesting for young researchers, click on the Workshops button in the menu!! For any information about the GTEM network not provided in this page, please contact the Network Coordinator, Dr. Leila Schneps in Paris leila@math.jussieu.fr To be eligible for pre- or postdoctoral positions in the network, a candidate must: be a young researcher (under 35 years of age, although older candidates may exceptionally be considered); be able to contribute to one of the areas of activity described in the scientific programme of the network; satisfy one of the following conditions: - be a national of a Member State of the European Community (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden)

59. Jones On Arithmetic arithmetic Tutorials. http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/

Arithmetic Tutorials by Douglas W. Jones T HE U ... Department of Computer Science Index BCD Arithmetic on Binary Machines Division by Reciprocal Multiplication Binary to Decimal Conversion These tutorials are characterized by an interest in doing arithmetic on machines with just binary add, subtract, logical and shift operators, making no use of special hardware support for such complex operations as BCD arithmetic or multiplication and division. While some of these techniques are old, they remain relevant today. Last Modified:Wednesday, 18-Sep-2002 14:19:07 CDT.

60. IAsolver 0.1beta1: The Brandeis Interval Arithmetic Constraint Solver Java applet that solves nonlinear real arithmetic constraints. http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~tim/Applets/IAsolver.html

You need a java-enabled web brower to run the applet. IAsolver 0.1beta1 the Brandeis Interval Arithmetic Constraint Solver Please send any bug reports to tim@cs.brandeis.edu You need a java-enabled web brower to run the applet. Featured Applet for the week of 15-22 August 1997 in the Gamelan Java Archive Source Code is now Available The source code for IAsolver is available for browsing in this directory , or you can download this gzipped tar file (414K) directly. This source code is being released as three libraries: ia_math, ia_parser, and ia_solver. All of these are currently being distributed using the GNU LGPL copyleft for libraries. Portability This applet has reportedly run successfully on the following configurations: Silicon Graphics workstations Macintosh PC's There have been some reports of problems under some Microsoft operating systems and browsers, but I have't had any detailed bug reports yet. If you do have a problem, I would greatly appreciate it if you could send me email at tim@cs.brandeis.edu

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