61. Uzbekistan - Travel Info, Pictures, History, And Maps cities of Uzbekistan were located on the ancient Silk Road The history of the city is connected with the names of The mongols lost the city in the 14th century http://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Guides History Tashkent Samarkand Bukhara ... Khiva Travel Information Uzbekistan visa Embassy locations Uzbekistan Airways Uzbekistan travel ... FAQ Recommended Reading Lonely Planet Central Asia Amazon: US UK DE Odyssey Guides Uzbekistan Amazon: US UK DE Uzbekistan Uzbekistan has well preserved relics from the time when Central Asia was a center of empire, learning, and trade. Cities of modern Uzbekistan including Samarkand Bukhara Khiva , Shakhrisabz and Tashkent live on in the imagination of the West as symbols of oriental beauty and mystery. More about Uzbekistan History Samarkand, Uzbekistan One of the oldest cities of Uzbekistan and in the world is Samarkand, established during the middle of the first century BC under the name Marakanda and later known as Afrosiab. It was the capital of the powerful state Sogd, the center of Emir Timur's great empire. The numerous monuments of Samarkand and its suburbs impress tourist with their beauty and splendor. The refined architectural shapes, intricate ornamentation, mosaics, blue-tile domes and facades are interesting for all who visit theses beautiful buildings.

62. Ukraine-history Brief history. people were well known to colonists and traders in the ancient world, including and the whole Kyiv Rus was invaded by Tatarmongols who inflicted http://www.ukrainetour.com/tourinfo/Ukraine-history.htm

Ukraine from an ancient history to our days Brief History The first identifiable groups to populate what is now Ukraine were Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians, and Goths, among other nomadic peoples who arrived throughout the first millennium B.C. These people were well known to colonists and traders in the ancient world, including Greeks and Romans, who established trading outposts, which eventually became city states. Slavic tribes occupied central and eastern Ukraine in the sixth century A.D. and played an important role in the establishment of Kyiv. Situated on lucrative trade routes, Kyiv quickly prospered as the center of a powerful state of Kyiv Rus. In the 11th century, Kyiv Rus was, geographically, the largest state in Europe. Kyiv Rus was a cradle of three modern Slavic peoples - Ukrainian, Russian and Byelorussian. A Christian missionary, Cyril, converted the Kyivan nobility and most of the population in 988. Conflict among the feudal lords led to decline in the 12th century. Kyiv was razed by Mongol raiders in the 12th century and the whole Kyiv Rus was invaded by Tatar-Mongols who inflicted extensive damage. The western Ukrainian principality of Galicia, founded in the 12th century, suffered less from the Mongol invasion than the rest of the area, and was annexed by Poland in the 14th century. At about the same time Kyiv and the Ukrainian of Volhynia were conquered by Lithuania and later came, with the latter country, into the possession of Poland.

63. Brochure Of The Mongolian Exhibition and Tibet, Mongolia has played a significant role in Inner Asian history. In the landlocked steppe of Central Asia, the mongols since ancient times have http://www.asianart.com/mongolia/intro.html

back to Mongolia: The Legacy of Chinggis Khan main exhibition Introduction to the Mongolian Exhibition In the West, Mongolia evokes the name of Chinggis Khan (also known by the Persianized spelling of his name, Genghis Khan) and his thirteenth century conquest of the most of the known world. His empire extended from the Mediterranean Sea to the Pacific Ocean, and the reputation of Chinggis' ruthless hordes of soldiers has endured until today. This exhibition presents a different picture of Mongolia. A nomadic people who have for centuries managed to survive in an unforgiving environment, the Mongols are also followers of Tibetan Buddhism who were first converted in the late thirteenth century. In this exhibition, little-known secular and religious works of art from Mongolia's museums will be seen in America for the first time, an event made possible by Mongolia's recent emergence Soviet control in 1990. Landlocked and strategically located between Russia, China, and Tibet, Mongolia has played a significant role in Inner Asian history. After the death of Chinggis, his grandson Khubilai Khan was the first ruler in the Yuan dynasty, a period of Mongol rule of China which lasted nearly one hundred years. Following the Yuan dynasty, various Mongolian khans attempted to recreate Chinggis's empire and dreamt of a new Mongolian age. In the sixteenth century, the Buddhist-based relationship between Tibet and Mongolia created by Khubilai was reestablished, giving rise to a renaissance in the arts, literature, political and religious structures of Mongolia. The period of this Mongol renaissance, from the seventeen through eighteenth centuries, and its aftermath, are the concern of this exhibition.

64. World History of World. ancient Civilizations; ancient Mediterranean history; Crusades; Deep Rome; 7 Wonders of ancient World; Western Middle Ages Research; mongols. Tower of London. http://www.fpg.unc.edu/~access/WorldHistory.html

Afghanistan Bosnia Cambodia Canada China Germany Ghana ACCESS World History Arranged by Middle School National Social Studies Standards Funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Projects of National Significance Authority: PL 105-17, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Jamaica Japan Laos Mexico Nigeria India Indonesia Israel Italy Topics of Study Lesson Plans Scavenger Hunts/ ThinkQuests/ WebQuests Virtual Field Trips/ Simulations Activities/ Puzzles/ Games/ Quizzes Resources Beginnings of Human Society to top Art Takes Time Be an Archaeologist Early Human Culture ... Introduction to Early Man interactive Early Human Links Early Man Legends of Forever Prehistoric Man ... Virtual Ancient Civilizations Topics of Study Lesson Plans Scavenger Hunts/ ThinkQuests/ WebQuests Virtual Field Trips/ Simulations Activities/ Puzzles/ Games/ Quizzes Resources Early Civilizations and Rise of Pastoral Peoples to top Ancient American Artifacts Ancient Inventions Castle Builder ... Why Do Civilizations Fall?

65. InfoKorea history of Korea. ancient history (pre918 AD). Koryo Dynasty (918-1392). Choson Dynasty (1392-1910). Colonial Period (1910-1945). Koryo and mongols . http://myhome.shinbiro.com/~mss1/history.html

History of Korea Ancient History (pre-918 A.D.) Koryo Dynasty Choson Dynasty Colonial Period Liberation and the Korean War ... Contemporary Korea (Post 1953) Cultural Assets of Korea The Hermit Kingdom [ In the Beginning ] The migration of Neolithic nomads from central Asia and Siberia led to the gradual emergence of villages and small communities in Manchuria, China and Korea. Sedentary nomadic clans established agricultural settlements that later evolved into the first walled-town tribal states which set the mold for future social evolution on the Korean peninsula. Developments in China during the Warring States Period led to a buildup of tensions among China, Manchuria, and Korea's emerging tribal states. [ Tales of Three Kingdoms ] Alliances among Korea's tribal states gave rise to the kingdoms of Puyo and Koguryo. China conquered the Liao-tung River basin and northern Korea to protect its northeastern frontier from the increasingly powerful northern steppe nomads. After the fall of the Chinese Wei Kingdom, Hsiung-nu nomads took control of northern China and the Liao-tung region. Manchurian Hsien-pei tribes destroyed the northern kingdom of Puyo and battled Koguryo for control of Liao-tung region. Refugees from Puyo later formed the southern Korean kingdom of Paekche. The Kingdom of Silla emerged as a major aristocratic power in southeastern Korea. The Japanese kingdom of Yamato emerged as diplomatic relations developed among Korea's Three Kingdoms and China.

66. Books About Mongols The Golden history of the mongols ( Altan Tobchi ) Full name of Chakhar.This is also a chronological book of ancient Mongolian history.Available in http://www.mongols.com/bookam.htm

Books about Mongols The Secret History of the Mongols (Mongol-uun Nigucha Tobchiyan ) This is the most famous book of Mongols. The secret history is not only a very reliable historical record about the 12-13 centery Mongols,it is also a most excellent literary work written in Mongol language. There are various versions of The secret history of the Mongols in various languages, English version is available through : Harvard University Press,Customer Service, 79 Garden Street, Cambridge ,MA 02138 ,USA ISBN: 0-674-79670-5 ; Price: US$ 22.50 Unfortunately, the auther(s) of the book is still uncertain and the original Mongol version was lost. The Treasured History of the Mongols ( Erdeni- iin Tobchi ) Full name of this book is written by Sanang Sechen (or Sagang Setsen) of Ordos.this is a chronological book of history of Mongols from 12th century to 17th century.Available in Mongol ( Both classical and cyrillic). The Golden History of the Mongols ( Altan Tobchi ) Full name of this book is written by Lubsangdanjin of Chakhar.This is also a chronological book of ancient Mongolian history.Available in Mongol ( Both classical and cyrillic).

67. History IN ASIA/AFRICA HIST 221 HIST OF ancient EUROPE HIST KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA HIST 384 history HIST 385 COUNT UNDER OTTOMAN HIST 387 THE mongols history HIST 388 http://www.kaau.edu.sa/newkaau/history.asp

www.kaau.edu.sa click here to go back HOME History Arabic Language Islamic Studies Geography History ... Mass communication This department was established in 1391 Higra (1972 A.D.). Its objectives are to teach students history and prepare a new generation of contemporary historians and researchers. It puts special emphasis on the history of Arabian Peninsula its surrounding countries. Head Ibrahim A. Al-Jomaih Phone Fax Programs:/Bachelor, Master and Ph.D. Major Subjects:/Modern History, Islamic History, Ancient History, Arabic History, Critical studies of the sources of Islamic History. History of Saudi Arabia. List of Courses HIST 102 THE PROPHET'S LIFE HIST 110 INTRODUCTION ARCHAEOLOGY HIST 110 INTRODUCTION ARCHAEOLOGY HIST 112 HISTORY OF SAUDI ARABIA HIST 115 ANCIENT HIST NEAR EAST HIST 116 ANCIENT HISTORY NEAR EAST HIST 117 GRECO ROMAN CIVILIZATION HIST 118 ANCIENT HIST ARAB PENINS.

68. INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF MONGOLIA in the famous Mongolian document Nuuts Tovchoo (Secret history of the mongols). established the state, following the custom of the ancient nomads, Genghis http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/history.htm

INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF MONGOLIA It would be no exaggeration to say that Mongolia is the only one of the ancient nomad states to retain the tenets of its original nomadic civilization, including the classic migration of livestock and closeness to nature. If you visit Mongolia you will feel the beauty of nature, where forest-covered mountain ranges and hills meet desert and steppe. You will also meet Mongols just like those who have been building traditional 'ger' since olden times, hospitable cattle-breeders breeding throughout four seasons traditional kinds of livestock (horse, camel, cow, sheep, goat), as well as the half-settled inhabitants of cities, who develop the industry and culture of the country. Specialists on the history of Mongolia from many countries have proved that it goes back over 2000 years. In 1991 Mongolia celebrated the anniversary of the establishment of the first Hun State in 209 BC. Mongolian archaeologists have discovered 500,000 year-old stone implements that are the remains of Mongolia's earliest inhabitants. Since the early primitive communal era, Mongols had lived independently in the neighborhood of such nomadic tribes as Turk and Khamnigan. In 209 BC, the Huns, who were by origin from ancient nomadic tribes such as Xianyu, Xianyung, Hun yi and Di, set up the first state in Central Asia. The Hun State was equal in power to the Chinese states of Tsin and Han. Khan, the sovereign of the State of Han Xiao Wendi wrote to Shan Yu of the Hun State in Laoshan: "in accordance with the decree of his Majesty, the state situated to the north of the Great Wall shall be governed by the decrees of Shan Yu, and the territory situated to the south of the Great Wall, peopled by those who wear tushmed belts and caps, shall be governed by me. Both the State of the Huns and the State of Han are powerful neighbor states".

69. MongoliaOnline - Priceless Treasures Of Ancient History And Culture The ancient Mongolian recipe handbook is an object of research by is the Mongoliin Nuuts Tovchoo ( The Secret history of the mongols ) written in 1240 in http://www.mol.mn/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=8891

70. A Brief History Of Korea ancient history 2333 BC 313 AD. In a little known footnote to history, in 1234 bronze movable Koryo remained subservient to the mongols until 1368, when it http://www.geocities.com/mokkim/koreahistory.html

A Brief History of Korea Homepage Listings Korean Student Associations Korean Entertainment Korean Communities and Organizations ... Post-Olympic Korea Ancient History 2333 BC - 313 AD The Chosun nation first formed from the various Tungusic tribes (a subdivision of the Ural-Altaic people) from Mongolia. The first dynasty of note was the Tan'gun dynasty, a theocracy which ruled from Pyongyang from 2333 BC - 1122 BC. The historical and cultural accuracy our knowledge of this dynasty is still debated today. Several scholars claim this is a mythic dynasty, a story to explain the beginning of the Korean people. Others view this dynasty as a historical fact, and attribute a cultural/spiritual signifigance to it. The truth is propbably somewhere in the middle. Nonetheless, it was later usurped by the Kija Dynasty (1122 BC - 194 BC), which was founded by a Chinese scholar. In 108 BC the Han Dynasty of China extended into North Korea, turning the North into the Lolang Province (ed. note: Lolang is the US spelling, Nangnang is the preferred Korean spelling). Chinese cultural influence thus spread into Korea, resulting in Korean adoption of a centralized beaurocracy, Confusionism, and others. The Three Kingdoms Period 37 BC - 935 AD While the North was occupied by China as the Lolang province, the remaining South had been subdivided by the three Han tribes. In the Southwest was the Ma Han. In the Southeast was the Pyon Han. And in the middle was the Chin Han.

71. History Of Ukraine been independent for seven years, it has an ancient history. within the territory of the ancient city, and However, in 1240, the Tatarmongols captured Kyiv. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/4664/ukrhist.html

home about us news links Ukraine cat's place music recipes Map of Ukraine Sing Together the Hymn of Ukraine Statistical Profile of Ukraine Basic historical facts about Ukraine Ukraine, the largest state in Europe, appeared on the map of the world in 1991. It was quickly recognized by the international community and more then 100 countries have established diplomatic relations with Ukraine. Although Ukraine has only been independent for seven years, it has an ancient history. The ancestors of Ukrainians began settling in the region during the Trypilian period several thousand years ago. In ancient times, present-day Ukraine was inhabited by the Anteans and the Ros', the ancestors of the Eastern Slavs. And it was here, in Ukraine, that one of the most powerful states of medieval Europe was founded in the 9th century. This was Kyivan-Rus', which included the cities of Kyiv, Novgorod, Chernihiv, Halych, Polotsk, Smolensk, Rostov, Suzdal and later Moscow, which was founded by the Kyivites a huge expanse of territory from the Baltic to the Black Sea and the Kuban River, and from Transcarpathia to the Volga. The famous Dnipro River trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" ran through Kyiv, and the Zalizny route led to the Sea of Azov as well. This was a period of great power and glory. In 988 Prince Volodymyr introduced Christianity as the official state religion. The christening of Kyivan-Rus' took place in Kyiv on the banks of the Dnipro River.

72. MSFC History OFFICE: Rocketry Through The Ages: Rockets In Ancient Times REPULSE mongols04, In 1232 AD the Chinese used rockets against the mongols who were WAN HOO AND HIS SPACE VEHICLE06, According to one ancient legend, a Chinese http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/rocketry/tl1.html

Rocketry Through the Ages Rockets in Ancient Times Click on a thumbnail to see a larger slide image. Return to Rocketry Ever since humans first saw birds soar through the sky, they have wanted to fly. The ancient Greeks and Romans pictured many of their gods with winged feet, and imagined mythological winged animals. According to the legend of Daedalus and Icarus, the father and son escaped prison by attaching wings made of wax and feathers to their bodies. Unfortunately, Icarus flew too near the sun, and the heat caused the wax and feathers to melt. The feathers fell off, and Icarus plummeted to the sea. Daedalus landed safely in Sicily. Legendary characters used the power of mythology to fly through the heavens. About 100 BC a Greek inventor known as Hero of Alexandria came up with a new invention that depended more on the mechanical interaction of heat and water. He invented a rocket-like device called an aeolipile. It used steam for propulsion. Hero mounted a sphere on top of a water kettle. A fire below the kettle turned the water into steam, and the gas traveled through the pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere allowed the gas to escape, and in doing so gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. They sounded more like fireworks than rockets but the Chinese used rockets in battle.

73. Fiche Notice It features information and images about the mongols in China and in Iran, the mongols and Islam Mots cl? Art China / Art - history / history, ancient. http://www.fis.edu.hk/cdi/ancient.htm

Item Title : Ancient Egypt Type Notice : Notice générale Résumé : Has ten areas to navigate including Egyptian life, the Pharaohs and the Pyramids, gods, goddesses, temples and trades. Lots of pictures and text. Details on mummies and mummification and embalming. Mots clés : Egypt - History, to 332 BC Disciplines N. : History http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk Item Title : Ancient Greek civilisations Type Notice : Notice générale Résumé: Examines the Minoans, Myceneans and the Dark Ages of Greece, Homer's writings, Greek culture and cities. Mots clés : Greece - history to 146 BC Disciplines N. : History http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/aegean/index.shtml Item Title : Daily life in Ancient Rome Type Notice : Notice générale Résumé : Find out what the ancient Romans did all day! Look at daily life in Ancient Rome. How the Romans dressed, what they ate, their sources of entertainment, education, their rituals and culture. Mots clés : Rome - history Disciplines N. : HIstory / Latin http://members.aol.com/Donnclass/Romelife.html Item Title : Egypt: Secrets of an ancient world Type Notice : Notice générale Résumé : This site, based on the National Geographic Society's PB documentary Egypt Eternal: The Quest for the Lost Tombs, offers information based on newly discovered relics inside the Great Pyramid. News stories, interactive features, pages for children, and lesson plans for grades K-12 are included.

74. Slitherine - New Forum Poll - Which Era Of Ancient History Are You Most Interest New Forum Poll Which era of ancient history are you Raid other tribes, attack other ancient nations like the Indians, the Chinese, the Huns the mongols and a http://www.aimoo.com/forum/postview.cfm?id=453260&CategoryID=198817&ThreadID=147

75. Diana Waring The Hellenistic Period 17 x 22 ancient Civilizations The Dig Deeper into God s amazing plan in history! The Vikings The Crusades The mongols - The Seeds http://www.hsrc.com/Online Store/History/diana_waring.htm

76. Ancient To Modern Korean History ancient Korean history. marked the beginning of the Three Kingdoms period in Korean history. opposition to it mounted, especially after the mongols began their http://www.tang-soo-do.co.uk/koreahistoryold.html

Please note that some changes have been made to this history at the request of the Official Korean Information Service. The text below is reproduced with their permission. Dear Sir or Madam, May we bring to your attention an error spotted at your website regarding Korea's last dynasty. Please refer to: http://www.tang-soo-do.org.uk/koreahistoryold.html The Korean Information Service (KOIS) found that you use the term 'Yi Dynasty" to refer to the said reign instead of Joseon Dynasty. We fully understand that "Yi Dynasty" is widely used in many non-Korean books and publications. However, we have to inform you that "Yi Dynasty" has never became official nor recognized by many Korean scholars and it is, in fact, rejected by our young generation. (For your additional information, Yi Dynasty was derived from the name of Gen. Yi Song-gye who ruled the said period in Korean History.) There are two main reasons of our request for replacement: First, a matter of rudeness. Culturally speaking, it is rude in Korea to call a respected person by his name or family name, more so if that person is a king of a ruler. Please take note that even to this day, Korea is very hierarchical and it is a must to use various honorific forms to call or address a person according to that person's age or position. Among close buddies, calling first names is acceptable. Thus, naming the dynasty as "Yi" is culturally transliterated in Korea as "the reign of Yi". As far as I know, it's okay if foreigners simply call world leaders such as Bush, Blair, or Putin, but Koreans never call our president as Roh. We always emphasize the proper naming as "President Roh." Further, as a matter of humility which has been deeply ingrained in our collective consciousness, Koreans rarely use a personal name to identify a place or things.

77. Artsakh From Ancient Time The first evidences of the ancient history of the land In the place of the ancient town there remained 13th century the Tatar and mongols conquer Transcaucasia http://nkr.am/eng/history/drevnost.htm

HISTORY OF ARTSAKH ARTSAKH FROM ANCIENT TIME TILL 1918 Principalities Artsakh in 1918-12-920 Establishment of the Soviet Rule in Artsakh Struggle for Secession from the Az.SSR ... The War of 1991-1994 Nagorno-Karabagh (the historical name "Artsakh") occupies the eastern and the southeastern mountainous and foothills regions of the Caucasus Minor, composing the northeastern part of the Armenian plateau. It archly stretches from the mountains, surrounding from the east the basin of Lake Sevan, to the southeast, as far as the river Yeraskh (Araks). In different periods of the history primary sources called the land various names: Urtekhe-Urtekhini, Orkhistene, Artsakh, Tsavdek, Khachen, Karabagh. The first evidences of the ancient history of the land dates back to the Acheul period of the studying of the early palaeolith (500- 100 thousand years ago). These are the ancient tools and osteological materials, found in the caves of Vorvan-Azokh, Tsakhach, Unot, and Khoradzor. The maxilla of the Neanderthal man, discovered in Vorvan- Azokh, has a special significance for studying the anthropogenes process. The excavations of the settlements as well as burial places of the bronze and iron epochs (Stepanakert, Khodjaly, Krkjan, Amaras, Matagis, the valleys of Khachenaget and Ishkhanaget) evidence that the territory was the part of the area of the origin and functioning of the then Kuro-Arask culture, 4-3 millenium BC.

78. Mongol Art abilities of early Mongolians are the ancient relics found nomadic people, there is a long history of permanent undertake a mission to the mongols primarily in http://www.mongolart.mn/history_fine_art.html

Search Mongolian Art and Culture website History Two - dimensional Art Three - dimensional Art Crafts, Design and Costume ... Special Programs The art of the ancient Mongol is rooted in, and an inseparable component of, nomadic culture and folk art. Click photo to enlarge Deer stones Art in Mongolia began with the impressions and expressions of feelings on rock. Ancient petroglyphs created before recorded history, and later, various Shaman symbols and sacred place identifications, bring us the voices and visions of the ancestors. These works usually depict hunting trophies and domesticated livestock, and more rarely, people and even carts with wheels. The oldest examples of rock painting in Mongolia are located at Khoit-Tsenkher Cave in Hovd Aimag. Painted in ochre on cave walls, these Stone Age paintings depict mammoths, sheep and ostriches. Later, cave paintings from the Bronze Age show animals, hunting scenes, carriages and various symbols. The traditional Mongol zurag or painting style is developed from these prehistoric rock paintings. This style of painting has long brush strokes which taper at the end. It also tends to feature bright colours. In addition, Mongol zurag has the following features:

79. History Of China - Encyclopedia Article About History Of China. Free Access, No conquered by Asian tribes known as the Hyksos see history of ancient Israel and Shang Dynasty established Aodu () (see also history of China). mongols. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/history of China

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia History of China Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition China For alternate meanings, see China (disambiguation). China Click the link for more information. is the world's oldest continuous major civilization For alternative meanings see: Civilization (disambiguation). The term civilization (or civilisation ) - from the Latin civis meaning 'citizen' or 'townsman' - has been used in various ways at different times. A stage of technical or political development Sometimes examples are given of the earliest civilizations, such as China, ancient Egypt, Indus Valley Civilization and Sumer. The features of these groups that are seen as distinguising them from earlier settlements such as neolithic Jericho and Catalhuyuk: urban settlements where people followed specialized occupations some kind or organization of an area larger than a single settlement extensive trade the use of writing, developed to keep track of it all Click the link for more information. , with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. Successive dynasties developed systems of bureaucratic control, which gave the agrarian-based Chinese an advantage over neighboring nomadic and mountain dwelling cultures. The development of a state ideology based on

80. History & Culture history of Turkmenistan This business created vast wealth in the ancient city, where the Under their commander Genghis Khan, the mongols conquered Khiva and http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/history/history.html

History of Turkmenistan Tools from the Stone-Age have been discovered along the Caspian Sea shore and near the modern port of Turkmenbashi, establishing the pre-historic presence of humans in the area that is today known as Turkmenistan. The remains of farming settlements in the Kopet-Dag Mountains date back 8,000 years. The ancient cultivators in this region used the mountain streams to irrigate their crops. They also survived by herding livestock and by hunting wild game. As early societies learned to make pottery and metal tools, they began to trade with other peoples of central Asia. This profitable trade however, also attracted foreign invaders. By the 6th century B.C., the powerful

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