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         Mongolia History:     more books (100)
  1. Between the Hammer and the Anvil?Chinese and Russian Policies in Outer Mongolia, 1911-1921 by Thomas E. Ewing, 1980-12
  2. The Vegetation of Mongolia by W. Hilbig, 1995-12-31
  3. Modern Mongolia by T Batbayar, Sharad K. Soni, 2007-11-30
  4. Mongolia: A Country Study (Area Handbook Series)
  5. Educational Import: Local Encounters with Global Forces in Mongolia by Gita Steiner-Khamsi, Ines Stolpe, 2006-04-30
  6. Women of Mongolia by Martha Avery, 1996-09
  7. Reins of Liberation: An Entangled History of Mongolian Independence, Chinese Territoriality, and Great Power Hegemony, 1911-1950 (Copublished By the Woodrow Wilson Center) by Xiaoyuan Liu, 2006-09-15
  8. Historical Dictionary of Mongolia (Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East) by Alan J. K. Sanders, 2003-06
  9. Mongolia: Travels in the Untamed Land by Jasper Becker, 2008-07-08
  10. Letters from Mongolia by Reginald Hibbert, Ann Hibbert, 2005-03-02
  11. Travels in Mongolia, 1902: A Journey by C. W. Campbell, the British Consul in China (Uncovered Editions)
  12. The Land of the Lamas: Notes of a Journey through China, Mongolia and Tibet. With maps and illustrations by William Woodville Rockhill, 2001-02-06
  13. The Religions of Mongolia by Walther Heissig, 1980-05-09
  14. Siberia, Outer Mongolia, Central Asia: Crosslands of Civilization by Christine De Weck, 1992-12

41. Mongolia/History - Encyclopedia Article About Mongolia/History. Free Access, No
encyclopedia article about mongolia/history. mongolia/history in Free online English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. mongolia/history.
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Mongolia/History
Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia
Mongolia/History
Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition In Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s - Years: 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 - Events
  • Temujin is proclaimed Genghis Khan of the Mongol people, founding the Mongol Empire
Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents
  • France - Philippe II, Auguste King of France (reigned from 1180 to 1223)
  • Mongol Empire - Genghis Khan, Mongol Khan (from 1206 to 1227)
  • Venice - Pietro Ziani Doge of Venice (ruled from 1205 to 1229)

Click the link for more information. AD, a single Mongolian Alternative meaning: Mongolia (region) Mongolia (in Mongolian, Monggol Ulus ) is a landlocked country in Asia, surrounded by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south. It is almost as big as Alaska, with less than 1% arable land.
Mongol Uls
Click the link for more information. state was formed based on nomadic tribal groupings under the leadership of Chinghis Khan (see Genghis Khan Genghis Khan , also spelled Ching-gis Khan Chingis Khan Jenghiz Khan , or Jinghis Khan , original name Temüjin , also spelled Temuchin , (c. 1155/1162/1167 - August 18, 1227) was a Mongolian khan and military leader who unified the Mongolian tribes and then founded the Mongol Empire by conquering most of Asia, including China, Russia, Persia, and the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. He was the grandfather of Kublai Khan, the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty in China.

42. Timeline Of Mongolian History - Encyclopedia Article About Timeline Of Mongolian
encyclopedia article about Timeline of mongolian history. See also history of mongolia, history of mongolia (country) preview not available.
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Timeline of Mongolian history
Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia
Timeline of Mongolian history
Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition
  • Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s - Years: 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 - This is a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar)
    Events
    • January 1 - Northern Territory is separated from South Australia

    Click the link for more information. : Mongolia declares independence under Bogd haan.
  • Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s - Years: 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 - This is a common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar)
    Events
    • January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill

    Click the link for more information. : Mongolia signs a treaty The Treaty of Friendship and Alliance Between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet was signed in 1913 at Urga (now Ulaanbaatar). Although the Republic of China insisted the succession of the whole Qing Empire, the Mongolians and Tibetans regarded the fall of the Qing Dynasty as the separation of the Empire. This meant that the Manchu Empire was dissolved into China, Mongolia, Tibet and Eastern Turkestan. They concluded the treaty proclaiming the independence of Tibet and Mongolia, and mutual recognition.
    Click the link for more information.

43. World History: Hindu Philosophy Thru Hippias
Return to Main Article Index Home Page. INDEX OF ARTICLES history of independent mongolia thru history of Norway. history of mongolia, history of Montenegro.
http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/H_Hm081.htm
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INDEX OF ARTICLES: Hindu philosophy thru Hippias
from Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia
To find an article, follow the appropriate link below. Hindu philosophy Hindu scripture Hinduism and other religions Hinduism in Southeast Asia ... Hippias
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44. History - Tsam Dance Mongolia - Dance Of Buddhists - Text In German
mongolia - history - only in German. Dieses Tanzspiel mit den
http://www.music.ch/face/tsam/tsamhistory_de.html
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- Face Music / Albi - last update 06-2004 Dieses Tanzspiel mit den Masken ist ein pantomimisches Mysterienspiel und dessen Aufführungen zählen zu den feierlichen Gottesdiensten der Buddhisten. Das Wort ist tibetischen Ursprungs und bedeutet "Tanz".
Gefilmt wurden Maskentänze an Ort und Stelle vom Russen Pudovkin in "Sturm über Asien"; von Lieberenz in "Mit Sven Hedin in Asiens Wüsten"; von Filchner in "Om ma ni pad me hum" (es ist das ständige Gebet der Lamaisten: "Om, o Kleinod im Lotus, Hum") und in "Mönche, Tänzer und Soldaten"; von Schäfer und Harrer in "Lha rgyal lo" ("Die Götter haben gesiegt").
Geschichtliche Entwicklung
Mit der Aufführung "des heiligen Tanzes der Masken", dem mythischen Tanz der furchteinflössenden Gottheiten, versuchte Padmasambhava damals die heidnischen Götter und Geister, die Herren der Gegend, umzustimmen, damit den Erbauern des Klosters kein Schaden zugefügt werde. Es entstanden später zusätzliche Spiele, die zu verschiedenen Jahreszeiten und anderen Festlichkeiten und auch in anderen, neu erbauten Klöstern in ganz Tibet abgehalten wurden. Jedesmal wurde der Tanz etwas anders gestaltet. Ein klares Unterscheidungsmerkmal brachte jedoch erstmals die Wechselgespräche. Zum bisherigen und ursprünglichen Tanz gehörten keine Zwiegespräche. Er bestand nur aus Pantomimen. Die aufführenden Masken sprachen nur leise für sich Beschwörungsformeln (Tarni).

45. History Of Mongolia - Text In English
Face Music history of mongolia. history of mongolia. Tsam mongolia - Instruments - only in German; Religious dance Tsam mongolia - history - only in German.
http://www.music.ch/face/inform/history_mongolia.html
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- Face Music / Albi - last update 06-2004 - more information in German
Little research has actually been done about what happened during the thousand years before Christ in the eastern part of the north-eastern Asiatic steppe belt, where at that time nomadic tribes of horsemen of Mongol origin lived on cattle breeding. During summer time they wandered with their huge herds to the high-lying pastures and spent wintertime in the low-lying steppes. They owned oxen and cows, sheep, goats, yaks, camels and horses, of course. Actually, unlike those tribes of the Siberian forests or of the high mountains, they weren't huntsmen. They considered hunting rather something like a sport, just like horse racing or wrestling matches.
Their religion recognised only one uniform godly power, localised in the celestial vault. They also worshiped certain natural phenomenon (wells, trees, thunderbolts), and they believed in a life after death in the form of spirits (demons). Their priests, the so-called shamans, entered into contact with them.

46. Mongolia - History
mongolia AND THE MONGOL PEOPLE have periodically been at the center of international of his grandson, Khubilai Khan, in China are wellknown in world history.
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/3.htm
History
Mongolia Table of Contents MONGOLIA AND THE MONGOL PEOPLE have periodically been at the center of international events. The histories of nationsindeed, of continentshave been rewritten and major cultural and political changes have occurred because of a virtual handful of seemingly remote pastoral nomads. The thirteenth-century accomplishments of Chinggis Khan in conquering a swath of the world from modern-day Korea to southern Russia and in invading deep into Europe, and the cultural achievements of his grandson, Khubilai Khan, in China are well-known in world history. Seven hundred years later, a much compressed Mongolian nation first attracted world attention as a strategic battleground between Japan and the Soviet Union and later between the Soviet Union and China. In the 1980s, the Mongolian People's Republic continued to be a critical geopolitical factor in Sino-Soviet relations. Resistance to and accommodation of the Mongols had mixed effects on the national developments of some of the "host" nations. European kingdoms and principalities formed alliances to do battle, albeit unsuccessfully, against the Mongol armies. Europeans even combined with the hated Muslims in Egypt and Palestine to oppose the common Mongol enemy. Although the Mongol invasion of Japan was not successful, it contributed to the eventual downfall of Japan's ruling faction. The conquering Mongols brought an infusion of new ideas and unity to China but were eventually absorbed and lost their ability to rule over a people hundreds of times more numerous than themselves.

47. Mongolia Today Online Magazine
An online magazine devoted to the promotion of history, culture and traditions of Mongol nomads and cuurent affairs.
http://www.mongoliatoday.com
online magazine, issue no.8
The Last Great Place By Ron Cluckman Blue skies and endless open space, are the only part of the attraction to Mongolia, a place so far off the map that there are hardly any roads or flights. Not much food either, except mutton- mounds and mounds of mutton. Still, to those interested in a decidedly different way of life and a land with no fences, this may well be the world's last great palce. Land Of Shepherd Dogs Dogs were always loyal companions and servants for Central Asian herders and hunters. Ancient rock painting often show nomads using dogs for protecting their sheep flocks and hunting. Old Chinese historical records refer to Hun dogs as being "very big and ferocious, with wide chest and strong legs." Nomadic chic hairdo
Reconstructed by M.Chimeddorj
Best hairdo, Hun style

48. Almus
here is a small selection of pen ink drawings depicting the evolution of Mongol history. B. Almus, is a native of the Olanchab region of Inner mongolia, China
http://www.ezlink.com/~culturev/almus.html
History of the Mongols in Pen and Ink
by B. Almus
The artist, B. Almus, is a native of the Olanchab region of Inner Mongolia, China. He embarked on this project in 1990 and has to date completed over three-hundred pictures, he hopes to finish the rest by the year 2000.
The marriage of the Deer and the Wolf.
Dowa Sohor, A Marksman.

The boy Temujin at nine.

1206 AD, Temujin establishes the Great Mongol Empire.

1219 AD, The Mongols begin to invade the Middle East.

Armoured soldiers.
Home Mongol China Business ... Contact us

49. Mongolia (09/03)
Chronology of mongolian history 1921Present March 13, 1921 Provisional People s Government declares independence of mongolia.
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2779.htm
[Print Friendly Version]
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
September 2003
Background Note: Mongolia

PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME:
Mongolia
Geography
Area: 1,566,500 sq. km. (604,103 sq. mi.); slightly larger than Alaska (land boundaries 8,114 km.).
Terrain: Almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert wasteland, of varying usefulness; 1% arable; 9% forested.
Climate: Continental, with little precipitation and sharp seasonal fluctuations. People
Nationality: Noun and adjective Mongolian(s).
Population (mid-2000): 2.65 million. Annual growth rate (2000): 1.54%. Health (2000): Infant mortality rate Life expectancy 67.25 yrs. Ethnic groups (1995): 85% Mongol (predominantly Khalkha), 7% Turkic (largest group, Kazakh) 4.6% Tungusic, and 3.4% others, including Chinese and Russian. Languages: Khalkha Mongol, more than 90%; minor languages include Kazakh, Chinese, and Russian. Religions: Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 96%, Muslim 4% (primarily in the southwest), and Shamanism. Education: Years compulsory 8 (provided free by the government). Literacy more than 85%.

50. World Travel Guide - Mongolia - History And Government
World Travel Guide mongolia - history and Government - includes information on the constitution and politics.
http://www.biggles.co.uk/Columbus/data/mng/mng580.htm
Travel Information Contact Addresses General Information Passport/Visa Money ... Maps Regions and Cities Introduction - Overview Tools Printable Miniguide Home World Asia ... Mongolia
History and Government
History:
Mongol Ardyn Khuvsgatt Nam
Government: Under the new constitution, which took effect in February 1992, Mongolia has a unicameral legislature, the 76-member Great Hural, which is elected for a four-year term and appoints ministers who hold executive power. The President, who is also elected for a four-year term, is head of state. Since May 1994, Mongolia has been divided into 21 provinces and one municipality (Ulaan Baatar), with appointed Governors and elected local assemblies.
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51. History Of Mongolia
mongolia history of the mongols - history of the Mongols in Pen and Ink by B. Almus Presented here is a small selection of pen ink drawings depicting the
http://www.kasbah.com/vitalstats/culture_and_history/history/mongolia_mongolia_1
var c = "c2"; Home Travel Guide Flights Cars ... Adventure Tours USA users discount airfare and cheap hotels Mongolia history of Mongolia You are here: Mongolia
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MONGOLIA - history of creation - orhon breed of sheep
History of creation of "ORHON Breed of Sheep" In our country the hybridization of Mongolian native sheeps by crossing with Merino type and Rambouillet breeds imported from former Soviet Union was t...
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MONGOLIA - brief history of mongolia
History Ghengis Khan The Mongol, who named himself Ghengis Khan, was the founder of an empire which reached well into Europe. Already before then, the Huns caused fear and trouble in China, Rus...
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MONGOLIA - history of the mongols

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MONGOLIA - history - buryatia people
History of Buryatia (Ar Mongol) The Mongolian Ancestral Homeland The Buryats are a Mongolian people numbering approximately 252,000 (1995 estimate of Buryats in Buryat republic) whose lands are loc...
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MONGOLIA - information - history of mongolia
Travel Document Systems; Passport and Visa Services. This is the site for the latest Travel Information and the most complete collection of on-line Visa Applications on the web.

52. Inner Mongolia - History
Home China Northwest Inner mongolia, Directory. •, the silk road. •, history. •, kublai khan. Inner mongolia history.
http://www.cityreference.com/china/inner-mongolia/history.htm
Home China Northwest Inner Mongolia Directory the silk road history kublai khan Inner Mongolia

53. Fighting Dinosaurs | American Museum Of Natural History
Fighting Dinosaurs New Discoveries from mongolia features more than 30 of the best preserved and scientifically important dinosaur and other ancient animal
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/fightingdinos/
Dinosaurs Like You've Never Seen Before! Fighting Dinosaurs: New Discoveries from Mongolia Velociraptor that was apparently buried alive while attacking a plant-eating, shield-headed Protoceratops Also featured are many new specimens from Mongolia, including a number of species yet to be named, some of the most complete meat-eating theropod dinosaurs ever found, several nesting dinosaurs, and some of the finest lizard and mammal fossils ever discovered. These specimens have enhanced our understanding of life in the Gobi region 80 million years ago, and they shed new light on the rise of modern bird and mammal groups. This exhibition showcases discoveries and research by Museum and Mongolian Academy of Sciences paleontologists over the last 10 years, and reflects the most current thinking on dinosaur traits, behavior, and evolutionary links to birds. Discoveries in China from just two years ago reveal that a number of dinosaur species had feathers; among the highlights of the exhibition are fully feathered models of

54. Bd's Mongolian Barbeque®: History
Centuries ago in the province of mongolia, the Mighty Khan s hunting parties would camp on the banks of the great river KhanBalik.
http://www.bdsmongolianbarbeque.com/history.html
Centuries ago in the province of Mongolia, the Mighty Khan's hunting parties would camp on the banks of the great river Khan-Balik. After days devoted entirely to hunting, they would gather in droves to celebrate their successes. Communing in banquet style pavilions, the Mongols would prepare slivers of meat and vegetables by slicing them with their razor sharp swords. They would then cook their food by searing it on their overturned shields that were heated by a blazing fire. The Kublai Khan and his fiercest warriors would sit high above the hordes, and enjoy the same food prepared for him on a large, roaring hot griddle.
It is with these ancient traditions in mind that we bring you one of the world's most original eating experiences,
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55. History Of Mongolia: Genghis Khan To Kubla Khan
A history of mongolia s great leaders in the 1200 s, including Genghis Khan to Kubla Khan. history of mongolia Genghis Khan to Kubla Khan.
http://ma.essortment.com/historymongolia_rhmh.htm
History of Mongolia: Genghis Khan to Kubla Khan
A history of Mongolia's great leaders in the 1200's, including Genghis Khan to Kubla Khan.
It is hard to imagine that the country of Mongolia, desert-like and sparsely populated as it is today, was once the center of a huge empire that stretched from China to Hungary. Even long before the Great Wall of China was constructed, in the third century BC, the Chinese were attempting to build defenses against the Hsiung Nu, later called the Huns. These restless nomads were a terror to every civilization, no matter how strong they might be. The Huns were merciless against resistors and unstoppable on the battlefield. Even into the heart of Europe, the Mongolians raided as far west as Italy and France during the fourth and fifth centuries AD. By 1300 the Mongol empire was the largest the world has ever seen. It is one of the great marvels and mysteries of history. No country or kingdom within 4,000 miles of Mongolia was safe from the attacks of the Mongol hordes. bodyOffer(29657) These were not an industry or technology based people but nomads and farmers. Their way of life depended on animals and animal products. From their sheep, goats and cattle, they got food, clothing, tents and equipment for riding their horses. Horses and camels carried their belongings from one pasture to another. Mongol children learned early how to ride a horse and were often more comfortable on horseback than on foot.

56. History Of Mongolia
The Rise and Fall of the Great Buddhist Culture of mongolia. Buddhism arrived in mongolia in the third century BCE with silk traders from India.
http://www.fpmt.org/mongolia/history.html
The Rise and Fall of the Great Buddhist Culture of Mongolia Despite a long period of Soviet communist control this century, and the massacre of two generations of monks and scholars, Mongolia is now experiencing a revival of a spiritual way of life that had long defined its culture. Buddhism arrived in Mongolia in the third century B.C.E. with silk traders from India. It flourished for centuries until, in 1577 C.E., the Mongolian title Dalai ("Ocean of Wisdom") was bestowed on a visiting Tibetan lama, Sonam Gyatso, by the ruling King of Mongolia in 1577, thus creating the lineage of the Dalai Lamas of Tibet. By the twentieth century, after a peaceful communist revolution that should have brought independence, the country was caught in a political struggle with China, and sought sanctuary in Soviet military support. But by the 1930s, Mongolia was under complete Soviet control and suffered violent purges in every aspect of the culture. Over 60,000 monks, nuns and scholars were killed or incarcerated. All but three of the 700 monasteries were destroyed. Suppression under communist rule lasted over seventy years. However in 1989 Mongolia gained independence from Soviet domination and adopted a democratic government.

57. The History Of Buddhism In Mongolia
he established between Tibet and mongolia through the above process, served as a precedent for the relationships established later in Tibetan history by the
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MONGOLIA TRAVEL Getting There Visa Information Health and Safety Life In Ulaanbaatar ... Travel Resources HOW CAN I HELP? Become a Sponsor Make a Donation CONTACT US Team UB Historical Notes on the establishment (and re-establishment) of Buddhism in Mongolia Watch our Buddhism in Mongolia Streaming Video High Resolution Low Resolution HOW BUDDHISM WAS ORIGINALLY ESTABLISHED IN MONGOLIA (13th century) Sakya Pakpa was the grandson of Sakya Kunga Nyingpo who founded the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, whose present-day leader is His Holiness Sakya Trizin. Both of these two early Sakya Lamas are also held in the Tibetan tradition to be prior incarnations of the person later known as the Dalai Lama, as told in an 18th century Tibetan text. This text enumerates the 15 previous incarnations of the Dalai Lama as Nepalese and Tibetan sages, which include these two lamas, and not only that but it lists another 46 preceding incarnations of the same personage in ancient Buddhist India. Sakya Pakpa at the same time established the principle of the priest/patron relationship between Tibet and neighbouring countries. This relationship, which he established between Tibet and Mongolia through the above process, served as a precedent for the relationships established later in Tibetan history by the Dalai Lamas, firstly between Tibet and Manchuria and subsequently, after the Manchus had conquered China, between Tibet and China. This last case lasted right up until the 20th century.

58. Country Study Mongolia Social Studies
CIA The World Factbook mongolia A detailed look at mongolia including history, culture, political structure, economy and many other topics.
http://www.archaeolink.com/mongolia_mongolian_history_cultu.htm
Mongolia People History Culture Home Afghanistan Albania Algeria ... Vietnam You may find additional information about the country of your choice in the sections for Archaeology Anthropology or Ancient Civilizations CIA - The World Factbook Mongolia _ A detailed look at Mongolia including history, culture, political structure, economy and many other topics. - From US Central Intelligence Agency - http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mg.html Country Profile: Mongolia A general overview including history, political structure, culture, leaders, media, and more. "Mongolia occupies 1.5 million sq kms of the Central Asian plateau, but its population is much smaller than the Mongol population of China. The Sunni Muslim Kazakhs living in the western border regions are the only significant national and religious minority, comprising some 5% of the total population, although migration to Kazakhstan in the 1990s has reduced their numbers." - illustrated - From BBC - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1235560.stm

59. Discover Mongolia
mongolia is an ancient country. The history its statehood reaches back into the remote past. Recent archaeological findings show
http://www.discover.mn/mongolia/history.html

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Mongolia is an ancient country. The history its statehood reaches back into the remote past. Recent archaeological findings show that the earlist traces of man's activity on the territory of Mongolia date from the lower paleolith ./ some 100,000-200,000 years ago/
At the beginning of the 13the century , a United Mongolian Empire was founded by Chinggis Khan. In 1691 Mongolia were subjugated by the Manchu Empire. More than 200 years later as the result of the Mongolian national movement for independence , the Mongol Monarchy was established in 1911. But China and Tsarist Russia didn't recognize Mongolian independence and in 1915 they insisted on the Mongolian authorities revoking the country's complete independence only allowing them limited rights as an autonomous state.
The people's revolution led by D.Sukhbaatar and his associates was won in 1921. Since then, July th of every year has been celebrated as the anniversary of the victory of the revolution.

60. Mahayana Buddhism: Mongolian Buddhism
Works on medicine, philosophy, and history were also published and distributed. The spiritual life of mongolia became strongly influenced by religious and semi
http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/mongol-txt.htm
Buddhist World Mahayana Buddhism in Mongolia Early Mongolian contacts with Buddhism are dated to the fourth century, when the activities of Chinese monks among the population of this border area are reported in contemporary Chinese sources. Buddhist influences spread as far as the Yenisei region by the seventh century, as evidenced by Buddhist temple bells with Chinese inscriptions found there. Another factor in the spread of Buddhism into Mongolia was the flourishing of Buddhist communities in the predominantly Uighur oasis states along the Silk Route. Furthermore, the palace that was built by Ogedei Khan (1229-1241) in Karakorum, the Mongol capital, was constructed on the foundations of a former Buddhist temple; some of the murals from this temple have been preserved, Sources for this early Buddhist activity are rather scarce. In spite of the extensive translation and printing of Buddhist tracts, conversion seems to have been limited to the nobility and the ruling families. Judging from the Mongols' history of religious tolerance, it is rather doubtful that Buddhism spread among the general population on a large scale. Syncretic influences resulted in the transformation of popular gods into Buddhist deities and the acceptance of notions from other religions during this period.

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