61. Mongolia Today - Online Magazine | Cultural Genocide Not much remains now of the flourishing Buddhist culture in mongolia. Onlytwo dozens temples remain as sad remainders of the former glory. http://www.mongoliatoday.com/issue/6/culture.html

online magazine, issue no.1 CULTURAL GENOCIDE Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia were renowned for their their wealth and splendor, containing treasures of material and intellectual culture collected during the centuries of Buddhist religion development. Full of life with crowds of pilgrims, believers and monks, they served as major centers of culture and education as well as the community life.Datsans or teological institutes and various schools offered education in all areas of Buddhist knowledge: pholosophy, medicine, astronomy, arts and mathematics. Monasteries served as the main centers of cultural and social life attracting thousands of belivers. "Their way of education is very open and relaxed. Everyday excercises in dialectics in front of class mates or important people, the atmosphere of freedom - all these make one very vivacious, eliminates shyness and teaches to be audacious, often on the brink of being daring..." described the monastery life at the turn of century B. Baradiin, a Russian researcher of Buddhism. But 1937 arrived and nothing of this splendor and grandeur remained. Millions of religious canons, books, records were burned and monasteries destroyed.

62. Mongolia Today - Online Magazine | CULTURE Copyright 19992002 mongolia Today. All rights reserved. The mongoliaToday Web site is designed and produced by Online LLC, mongolia. http://www.mongoliatoday.com/issue/1/wisdom.html

online magazine, issue no.1 WISDOM OF NOMADS Sayings and proverbs Proverbs form a special part of the Mongolian language permeating every aspect of daily life. From times immortal Mongols developed rich traditions of oral literature as the nomadic lifestyle did not allow to preserve heavy books. These proverbs contain the wisdom of nomads accumulated over the millennia and probably came from the times of Huns. Do not start if afraid, once begun do not be afraid. Aival bu khii, hijvel buu ai. While father alive to get to know people While horse is strong travel to see places Aavyn bied huntej tanilts Agtny bied gazar uz Supreme treasure - knowledge Middle treasure - children Lowest treasure - material wealth Erhem bayan erdem Dund bayan ur huuhed Baga bayn ed hogshil If you endeavour, the fate will favour you Ezen hicheevel zaya hicheene A man fails seven times and rises eight times Er hun doloo dordozh najm sehdeg Union is source of success Evlevel butne If mind is clean, fate is good Sanaa sajn bol zaya sajn Back to Top Mongolia Today The Mongolia Today Web site is designed and produced by Online LLC, Mongolia.

63. AdmiNet - Mongolia top Education. Ministry of Science, Technology, Education and culture (MOSTEC);MONSTUDNET; Knowledge Web Site; Education in mongolia. top Universities. http://www.admi.net/world/mn/

options Spreading information all over the Net AdmiNet World Mongolia Government Links with other countries Parliament Political organisations ... Thanks Boojum Expeditions The government of Mongolia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Government of Mongolia National Statistical Office Ministry of External Relations ... National Flag Links with other countries Embassies and Consulates of Mongolia to other countries France Japan USA ... USA Foreign Chambers of Commerce and Industry : Parliament The State Great Hural - Parliament of Mongolia Inter-Parliamentary Union database: Mongolia Political organisations Political Resources on the Net - Mongolia The Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party Cities and Towns Map of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia Geography and Map of Mongolia Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Industry Finance Tugrik Devisenkurse Ministry of Finance and Economy Bank of Mongolia Mongolian Stock Exchange ... Foreign Investment and Foreign Trade Agency Law Mongolian Legal Documents Mongolia Law Library Ministry of Justice Mongolian Legal Information ... Consumer Protection Law of Mongolia Art, Culture

64. Mongolia Reading List The Marvelous Mongolian by James Aldridge Little, Brown and Co., 1974; ISBN 0316-03120-8Horses are intrinsic to Mongolian culture, and this is the story of http://www3.uakron.edu/worldciv/russ/mongbib.html

The University of Akron World Civilizations Courses at UA China Resource Main Page Mongolia Book List This bibliography is divided into four sections: The Mongol Khans and the Mongol Empire, General Mongolian History (including socio-cultural topics), Modern Mongolia, and well researched Historical Fiction set in or relating to Mongolia: The Mongol Khans General History Modern Mongolia Historical Fiction The Mongol Khans and their Empire The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveller of the 14th Century by Ross E. Dunn University of California Press, 1990; ISBN: 0520067436 This is not a translation of the writings of Ibn Battuta (an important primary source) but rather a good and highly readable synthesis of his 24 years of travel. While predominantly a vision of the many cultures of the Islamic world of the fourteenth century, Dunn also details Battuta's travels in the steppe lands of southern Russia and in Yuan dynasty China. Daily Life in China, on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276 by Jacques Gernet 1962; ISBN: 0804707200

65. Mongolian American Friendship Project - Culture mongolian culture. The traditions and culture of mongolia date backto before Genghis Khan in the 1200s. Even today half of the 2.4 http://www.brightworks.com/mongolamerican/culture.htm

Mongolian Culture The traditions and culture of Mongolia date back to before Genghis Khan in the 1200s. Even today half of the 2.4 million Mongolians are nomads, people of nature. Americans can remember their basic connection with the earth when exposed to Mongolians. MAFP Tours: During our tours, people will experience the Naadam Festival, which includes the three national sports of wrestling, horse racing and archery. They will also spend a night in the nomad's tent, the ger (yurt). In Mongolia Shamanism exists side by side with Buddhism. Shamans connect with the spirit of the earth through chanting and playing their drums. Tour participants will see a performance of shamanistic practices at the Fine Arts Museum in Ulaan Baatar. The MAFP Artists in Residence Program To make traditional Mongolian culture accessible to Americans, MAFP will facilitate bringing Mongolian fine artists, sculptors, and performers to the US. We offer award-winning Mongolian sculptors and artists to be in-residence at your center or school. Home

66. Huhehot Living mongolian culture in Inner mongolia has been deliberately stunted and dilutedunder Chinese rule, and as a result, the trips to “nomads” offered on http://www.trans-siberian.co.uk/tours-mongolia-huhehot.html

Adventure Trips Ultimate Trans-Sib Mammoth Trans-Sib Big Trans-Sib Mongolia - Land of Surprises ... Mongolia Naadam Festivals Classic Trips Epic Trans-Sib Eurasian Experience Super Trans-Sib Siberian Experience ... East West Big Trans-Sib Beetroot Beetroot Backpackers Cream of Beetroot East-West Trips East-West Mammoth East-West Epic Trans-Sib East-West Super Trans-Sib East-West Big Trans-Sib ... East-West Original Via Siberia Russian Destinations Moscow St Petersburg Ekaterinburg Russian Cities Overview Moscow Hotels St Petersburg Hotels Novgorod Hotels ... Optional Services St Pete Add-Ons Adding St Petersburg Ekaterinburg Mongolia Land of Surprises Naadam Festivals Huhehot Outer/Inner Mongolia China/Asia Add-ons China Trips Simply Beijing 3* Hotel Simply Beijing 1* Hotel Scenic Chinese Route ... Contact Us Huhehot hha/b info@trans-siberian.co.uk

67. Tibetan Buddhism, The Mongolian Religion His works in English includes mongolia s culture and Society (with Paul Hyer), A mongolian Living Buddha Biography of the Kanjurwa Khutughtu (with Paul http://www.innermongolia.org/english/tibetan_buddhism.htm

Tibetan Buddhism, The Mongolian Religion By Professor Sechin Jagchid , originally published on Common Voice, Volume 1 Regardless of what explanation monks or clergymen may give regarding religion, it is a phenomenon of human culture and society. As for the reasons why nations adopt a particular foreign religion, they may explain it as a destiny set by God, as the will of Heaven, or due to other affinities. Nevertheless, there are historical and cultural factors. These factors provide some explanation as to why the Mongols, at the peak of their power, adopted Tibetan Buddhism as their religious faith. The Mongolian Khan's choice of this religion seems to have been based on cultural similarities between the Mongols and the Tibetans, and their mutual distance-geographical and culturalfrom the Chinese. Both Mongolia and Tibet are high plateaus of Inner Asia, and their open steppes and cold, arid climate make them well-suited to nomadism. On account of similarities in their geographic circumstances, both Tibet and Mongolia developed a similar cultural style: Nomadic pastoralism. It was thus, easier for the Mongols to mingle with seminomadic Tibetans than with purely agricultural Chinese, who were far different in their social and cultural institutions. Before the Tibetans were converted to Buddhism, their original religious belief was known as Bon, a faith similar to Boe of the Mongols. This historical background may also indicate that Tibetan Buddhism, that fit so naturally into the culture of the "!and of Snows", was also more easily accepted by the Mongols than Sinicised Buddhism, which had naturally accommodated itself to an agricultural civilisation.

68. CULTURAL HERITAGE OF MONGOLIA The broad land of mongolia has a history and a culture that have been built up duringthe course of several thousand years of human habitation, and it is one http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/heritage.htm

CULTURAL HERITAGE OF MONGOLIA By Dovdoin BAYAR The deer themselves are executed according to a very precise formula, with long narrow limbs like those of birds, graceful necks, majestic curving many-branched antlers, but most especially the full flight of their leap is shown with consummate skill. Some particular examples of these 'reindeer stones' have, carved in the upper section of the stone, a human head and face. The skill with which these animals, widespread among the nomadic peoples of Central Asia, are represented is everywhere plain. 'Reindeer stones' have been found over an exceptionally wide area; of the 500 so far brought to light, 450 have been discovered in this country and the remainder in southern Baikalia, Tuva, the Russian Altai - from Central Asia in fact to the Danube basin. Scholars of these stone monuments estimate that they range in age from the second millennium to the third century BC. The purpose of these stones was probably the same as that of the Turk monuments - they were erected as part of a cult dedicated to the memory of the great Khans, and thus are descended from the early reindeer stones. Study of the stone statues and research into the customs, religious beliefs, and social relations of those people not only serves to enrich the science of history, it is also very important in that it shows the level of skill that these early artists attained. It has become a truism widespread in many places that, because the Mongols adopted a nomadic pastoral economy, they did not build towns or villages. And yet we know from archaeological research and from written documents that peoples of the Mongol origin were establishing towns about 2000 years ago and that they were erecting buildings of a very distinctive architecture. Archaeological evidence of more than 200 ancient towns has so far been discovered on the Mongolian territory.

69. Mongolia Information Music and Singing. Music is an important part of Mongolian culture.This is particularly the case in the countryside as families http://www.asia-planet.net/mongolia/culture.htm

Introduction Mongolia Information Mongolia Travel Tips Mongolia Location Mongolia Information Malaysia Introduction History Education Culture Government and Economy Environment Festivals Religion ... The Ger Culture The Mongolian way of life is nomadic and intimately connected with the ways of animals. Despite urbanisation, the traditions of the steppes live on. Even in the cities, most Mongolians continue to live in a ger, a large, white felt tent that can be moved easily and has a universal layout: the door always faces south; towards the back and a little to the west is the place of honour set aside for guests; the back of the ger, the khoimor, is the place for elders and most treasured possessions; and on the back wall is the family altar, with Buddhist images, family photos and suitcases. Get a local to explain the dozens of traditional, religious and superstitious rules and customs associated with gers. Mongolia's paintings, music and literature are dominated by Tibetan Buddhism and nomadism. Tsam dances are performed to exorcise evil spirits and are influenced by nomadism and Shamanism. Outlawed during communism, they're beginning to be performed again. Traditional music involves a wide range of instruments and singing styles. In Mongolian khoomi singing, carefully trained male voices produce harmonic overtones from deep in the throat, releasing several notes at once. Traditional music and dance performances aren't complete without a touch of contortionism, an ancient Mongolian tradition.

70. Asian American Net: Mongolia mongolian culture. Site presents the culture of mongolia and its culturethrough a photo montage gallery and articles about mongolian history. http://www.asianamerican.net/mongolia_main.html

East Asia China Japan Mongolia ... Taiwan Mongolia Embassy Address: 2833 M Street NW Washington, D.C. 20007 Phone: 202-333-7117 Fax: 202-298-9227 E-Mail: esyam@mongolianembassy.us Mongolian Embassy in the USA Permanent Mission to the U.N.: 6 East 77th Street New York, N.Y. 10021 Phone: 212-861-9460 Fax: 212-861-9464 E-Mail: mongolia@un.int Permanent Mission to the U.N. The Government of Mongolia President of Mongolia ... CIA Factbook Country Profile Mongolia: US Department of State Background Notes Encyclopaedia Britannica: Article Page World Flag Database: Mongolia Flags Of The World: Mongolia Human Rights Practices 2002 Country Report Religious Freedom Annual Report 2002 Ethnologies: Languages of Mongolia Government Ministries and Agencies:

71. 1Up Travel : Mongolia - History And Culture Of Mongolia. mongolia did not achieve a cohesive culture until the 20th century, whenit became an independent nation. mongolia History and culture. http://www.1uptravel.com/international/asia/mongolia/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Asia Mongolia ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography Life Cuisine ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Attractions Shopping Eating Out ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Mongolia Guide Mongolia Maps Mongolia Flag More Mongolia Flags ... Mongolia Travel Warning Mongolia History and Culture History Mongolian ancient history reaches back to the 12th century. Tibetan Buddhist theocracy and secular Mongol aristocracy ruled the country from 1696 until the 20th century, under the suzerainty of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty of China. Mongolia declared independence from China after the Chinese revolution of 1911. Russian-backed Mongolian Communists established a Provisional People's Government in 1921. The Mongolian People's Republic was set up after the death of the last Buddhist ruler in 1924 but was not recognized by China until 1946. Mongolia maintained close ties with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Trade and cultural relations with Communist China, established in 1949, were curtailed by the Sino-Soviet split in the late 1950s.

72. History & Culture Of Mongolia: Annotated Internet Resources An annotated list of Internet resources on the history culture of mongolia,including its art music, shamanism, the nomadic way of life. http://newton.uor.edu/Departments&Programs/AsianStudiesDept/mongolia-cul.html

Baldan Baraivan: Rebuilding a Monastery in Mongolia A Cultural Restoration Tourism Project restoring an 18th century Tibetan-style temple The Buryat Home Page An extensive site "about the shamanism, folklore, history, & poetry of the Buryats," a Mongolian people living in Buryatia, Mongolia & Inner Mongolia Buryat Mongolian Shamanism Carleen's Mongolia Home Page Genghis Khan - NGS Hua-I ih-yu ... Introduction to the Art of Mongolia Terese Tse Bartholomew's essay in conjunction with the 1995 Mongolian Exhibition at the Asian Art Museum Knowledge Web Site Educational resources of Mongolia on the Web The Legacy of Genghis Khan Modern Mongolia: Reclaiming Genghis Khan The Mongol Empire History; Legacy of the Mongols; Map of the Mongol Empire; List of Great Khans; Selected Timeline; The Mongol War Machine Mongolia: The Legacy of Chinggis Khan Exhibition of Asian Art Museum, San Francisco

73. Welcome To Adobe GoLive 5 The Festival of mongolia events for June/July 2001 will present the traditionalnomadic culture of mongolia in New York City in a series of events for the http://www.iaed.org/mongolia/

Festival of Mongolia in New York City June About the Festival of Mongolia 2001 The Events ... Mongolian Information and Facts Mongolian Web sites: Mongolian Permanent Mission to the United Nations Festival of Mongolia 2001 The Festival of Mongolia 2001 The Festival of Mongolia events for June/July 2001 will present the traditional nomadic culture of Mongolia in New York City in a series of events for the general public that are free and open to the general public. The Children's Museum of Manhattan will have a Mongolian cultural day for children eight and under. They will learn about Mongolian nomadic life, meet Mongolian children, try on traditional Mongolian costumes, and make a video in the CMOM studio that will transport them to the Mongolian Steppe. The Wildlife Conservation Society will host performances by the Mongolian musicians, dancers, singers and wrestlers at Bronx Zoo and have a presentation on their conservation work in Mongolia. This program will help bring attention to one of the last great expanses of wilderness in Asia and its varied wildlife. The World Financial Center will present performances by the Mongolian music and dance ensemble in its magnificent Winter Garden atrium. Mongolian wrestlers and archers will demonstrate their sports on the outdoor waterside plaza. There will be an exhibition of rare archival photographs drawn from the American Museum of Natural History's expeditions of the 1920's. Also included in the exhibition are images from the Mongolian National Archives depicting Mongolia's political history, and the modern day photographs of nomadic life in Mongolia by photographers, Catherine Ursillo, Ellen Warner, Robert Peck and Heather Mallory.

74. Mongolia Information of events planned in New York City over the next weeks will help our American friendsbetter understand and appreciate mongolia s rich nomadic culture and its http://www.iaed.org/mongolia/fom.html

MONGOLIAN INFORMATION - Index Ambassador's Message Introduction to Mongolia Mogolian Facts Message from MACA ... How Mongolia is Perceived by Others Ambassador's Message Welcome to the Mongolia Festival in New York City. As one of the organizers of this event and on behalf of my countrymen and women, I would like to extend to all Festival participants our heartfelt greetings. Our aim in organizing the Mongolia Festival is to bring Mongolia, its people, history and nomadic culture, its spirit and its character, to our friends in America. The idea for a Festival featuring our country was conceived a few years ago when the United Nations General Assembly designated 2001 as the United Nations "Year of Dialogue among Civilizations". We felt that the Mongolian people, one of the foremost representatives of an ancient nomadic tradition, might be able to offer our more industrialized neighbors something unique: a realistic guide for a sustainable lifestyle. Mongols have for centuries combined practical existence with respectful co-existence with Nature and it is no coincidence that one of the first laws concerning environmental protection was adopted in the Middle Ages in Mongolia and is still in force today. Mongols have played a major role in world history. Though known mainly by their conquests which embraced over two thirds of the then- known world, Mongols have made significant contributions to the development of relations between East and West. During the Mongol hegemony, states were carved out of the vast regions of

75. Kalamazoo Academy Virtual Museum: Mongolia's Diverse Culture mongolia s Diverse culture. Hopefully, in the future mongolia s culture will be aswell preserved as it is today. Return to KA Homepage. Return to Main Gallery. http://www.remc12.k12.mi.us/kalamazoo-academy/memily.htm

Mongolia's Diverse Culture Return to K.A. Homepage Return to Main Gallery View my Works Cited Page This page was created by Emily G. in April 2003. If you have any comments or suggestions, please contact the webmaster.

76. Worldwide Escapes - Horses And Culture Of Mongolia witness and learn about the Takhi, a previously extinct wild Mongolian horse, which stayin gers and sample other aspects of this engaging culture and country. http://www.wwescapes.com/taketrip/monghorse.html

If we have one image of Mongolia imprinted in our minds, it is probably a nomadic horseman galloping across the steppe on a beautiful steed. In this trip we witness and learn about the Takhi, a previously extinct wild Mongolian horse, which was been reintroduced into the wild from zoos. We also trek in Hustain Nuruu National Reserve, stay in gers and sample other aspects of this engaging culture and country. Citizens of most Asian nations can visit Mongolia without a visa for a certain period of time. Please check with the Mongolian Embassy or Consulate in your country. Citizens of most Western countries require a visa to visit Mongolia. However, if the visit is for less than one month, no official or private invitation is needed (except for citizens of Russia and China). Visas are usually issued within 24 hours by Mongolian Diplomatic Missions. Foreign nationals who wish to pay a visit to Mongolia for more than 30 days should have an official or private invitation. Departs Beijing : Approximately 9 am Fridays Returns to Beijing : Approximately 12:30 pm Mondays Morning flight from Beijing to Ulaanbaatar. Upon arrival in Ulaanbaatar, drive to the ger camp just outside of Ulaanbaatar. Overnight in gers, the traditional felt tents of nomadic herders.

77. Mongolian stone . He has slowly worked his way to the west, via his art, to bea vocal proponent for the life and culture of mongolia. Baatar http://www.mongols.com/chaolun.htm

Chaolun Baatar, an artist of the Mongols Mini Gallery Chaolun Baatar is an artist from the Inner Mongolian western grasslands of Urad who has spent most of his adult life living as a minority in Beijing, China. Living among the majority of Han Chinese, his purpose in life is to keep Mongolian culture alive through his personal artistic vision. Baatar's has devoted himself to bringing the spirit of the Mongols he knows to world around him which, until recently was limited to Mainland China , Inner Mongolia, Mongolia, and art dealers in Hong Kong and Taiwan . In 1995, Mr.Baatar was granted permanent US resident status as an "Artist of Extraordinary Ability" and he will have the opportunity to bring his art to North American. Baatar's stated goal is to keep the greatness of the Mongolian past alive for today and future generations. Chaolun Baatar 1953 born in Inner Mongolia Education 1975-1978 Bachelor's Degree, Arts Dept. Central University of the Nationalities, Beijing 1978-1982 Master's Degree in Fine Arts, Oil Painting Dept. Central University of the Nationalities, Beijing

78. Language And Culture Program Mongolia: Global Crossroad Offer Volunteer In Mongo Program culture and Language mongolia Dates 1st and 16th of each month Departureand End Point Ulaanbaatar Language Requirement English Accommodation and http://www.globalcrossroad.com/mongolia/culturelanguage.php

Tell a friend Program Fees FAQ Country Coordinators ... THAILAND HOT HOTEL DEALS Find cheap hotels in Asia - Online Hotel Discount TRAVEL RESOURCES Language and Cultural Program (2 weeks) First Week Proposed Schedule: Day 1: Airport arrival and hotel transfer. Day 2: Orientation in the Office A 3 to 4 hour lecture will be delivered during this Orientation class, which will be held in the office. During the orientation, class participants will be given lectures on Mongolian's religion, culture, history, customs, politics, geography, necessary health precautions, and various other topics. Then free time will be given. Day 3: Mongolian language lesson.

79. Media Info, American Museum Of Natural History On view through September 4, the images offer visitors a look at contemporary lifein mongolia as well as a glimpse of mongolian culture in the early 20th http://www.amnh.org/museum/press/feature/mongolia.html

MONGOLIA OBSERVED: PHOTOGRAPHS PRESENT AND PAST May 6 - September 4, 2000 A Century of Photographs of Life in Mongolia on view at the American Museum of Natural History Mongolia Observed: Photographs Present and Past , an exhibition of 45 stunning large format color and black-and-white photographs, opened on May 6, 2000, in the Akeley Gallery at the American Museum of Natural History. On view through September 4, the images offer visitors a look at contemporary life in Mongolia as well as a glimpse of Mongolian culture in the early 20th century, providing insight into the tenacity of Mongol Culture and the nomad way of life over the past eighty years. The 35 contemporary photographs in the exhibition are the result of five separate expeditions to Mongolia conducted since 1994 by writer, photographer, and naturalist Robert McCracken Peck. Dr. Peck, a fellow of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, traveled throughout the country, seeking out families and individuals who are carrying on their cultural traditions. Dr. Peck's photographs of modern-day Mongolia are contrasted with 10 black-and-white images taken by members of several Museum expeditions to Mongolia led by famed explorer Roy Chapman Andrews in the 1920s. The expedition photographs, chosen from the Museum's archives, document Mongolia at a moment of transition, just before it was absorbed into the Soviet sphere. A decade of research by a Museum team of zoologists, geologists, paleontologists, botanists, herpetologists, ichthyologists, cartographers, and photographers offered major insights into a region that, until then, had only been crudely mapped and never scientifically explored.

80. Culture Of Mongolia culture of mongolia. culture of mongolia in the news. mongolia s culture could almostbe described as pure the population seems to mainly be of one grouping. http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/C/Culture-of-Mongolia.htm

World History (home) Encyclopedia Index Localities Companies Surnames ... This Week in History Culture of Mongolia Culture of Mongolia in the news Mongolia's culture could almost be described as pure: their is little variation within the population. 96% of the population is of Northern Buddhist Mongolia's population is about 2 million. 65% of the population are aged between 16 and 64, with only 4% over 64. HIV/AIDS has not made a significant impact, with only about 100 sufferers in the whole country. There are about 2 to 3 children to each woman, and the population increase rate is very high. The life expectancy, however, is low: only 63 years. The infant mortality rate is 6%. The main festival is Revolution Day, also known as Naadam, which celebrates the anniversary of Mongolian independance from China, on July 11 . The fact that this independance resulted in Mongolia effectively becoming part of the Soviet Union is not mentioned. In Mongolia, the diet depends on region. In the south, a lot of mutton , camel and camel dairy products are eaten. In the mountains, however, beef is much more common. In the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, there is a wide range of food widely available, most of it imported. Vegetables are a somewhat new part of the Mongol diet, which is traditionally based on meat and dairy products.

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