21. MONGOLIA News, Mongolia Map, Links Q A Expert and Observer Interviews. culture News, Book Reviews, and PhotoEssays. Flag of mongolia mongolia RESOURCE PAGE. Resource mongolia. http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/mongolia/index.shtml

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch MONGOLIA RESOURCE PAGE Mongolia Almanac Facts: Area: 1,565,000 sq km (604,250 sq mi) Population: Capital: Ulaanbaatar 627,000 President: Natsagiyn Bagabandi Religion: Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim Life Expectancy: 61 years GDP per capita: Map of Mongolia Latest Mongolia Story: Dissent Over Land Reform May Portend Unrest in Mongolia Activists in Ulanbataar say that 2003 could be a pivotal year in Mongolia, with intense debate arising out of discontent with a law on land privatization that is due to take effect in May. Organizations and opposition parties are gearing up to fight a new land policy that critics say discriminates against the rural poor by delivering outsize payments to large landholders.

22. Mongolia Page culture, History Images. HISTORY. culture. IMAGES. Back to the Start. mongolia Homepage Economy. mongolia Homepage - Politics. mongolia Web Links WWW Virtual Library. Copyright © 1995-9 by Badral/Rice culture. Introduction to the mongolian Language by T. Shagdarsuren. Art and Music of mongolia. Daily Life in mongolia http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/cult.html

HISTORY Introduction to the History of Mongolia Mongol Empire: Chronology and Map Cultural Heritage of Mongolia R. Tserendorj Mongolia's first Prime Minister Artistic Portrait of Chinggis Khan by G. Radnaabazar Diplomatic Passport issued by Khubilai Khan CULTURE Introduction to the Mongolian Language by T. Shagdarsuren Art and Music of Mongolia Daily Life in Mongolia Anthropology and Mongolia Naadam, and other Festivals of Mongolia IMAGES Currency of Mongolia Golden Soyombo - Symbol of Independance Yak Boy Camelbreeder's Family Ensemble Sunset, Camels, and Gobi (photo by M. Tserenjamts) A new capitalist is born Mongol Ladies Dancing (photo) Mongol Lady (photo) Mongolian Stamps From Collection of S.Badral Back to the Start Mongolia Homepage - Economy Mongolia Homepage - Politics Mongolia Web Links WWW Virtual Library

23. Mongolia Homepage mongolia history, language, government, and culture. http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mongolia.html

Let us Welcome you with the Traditional Mongol Greeting We are pleased to offer the latest versions of the effective laws of Mongolia, adopted for the purpose of strengthening democracy and developing market economy, as well as information on history and culture of the Mongolian people. Mongolia Law Library This is a co-operative project maintained by: badrals@magicnet.mn Surenguin Badral has been a foreign service officer of Mongolia. mitch@bloomington.in.us Mitch Rice is a student of Central Asian music, history, and culture. Rated Top 5% on the Web by the POINT SURVEY Since August 1995 * Last revised June 28, 1999 Back to the Start WWW Virtual Library

24. Mongolia Today Online Magazine An online magazine devoted to the promotion of history, culture and traditions of Mongol nomads and cuurent affairs. http://www.mongoliatoday.com

online magazine, issue no.8 The Last Great Place By Ron Cluckman Blue skies and endless open space, are the only part of the attraction to Mongolia, a place so far off the map that there are hardly any roads or flights. Not much food either, except mutton- mounds and mounds of mutton. Still, to those interested in a decidedly different way of life and a land with no fences, this may well be the world's last great palce. Land Of Shepherd Dogs Dogs were always loyal companions and servants for Central Asian herders and hunters. Ancient rock painting often show nomads using dogs for protecting their sheep flocks and hunting. Old Chinese historical records refer to Hun dogs as being "very big and ferocious, with wide chest and strong legs." Nomadic chic hairdo Reconstructed by M.Chimeddorj Best hairdo, Hun style

25. Culture Mongolian culture. Mongolian culture has many distinctive features. They Shamanismis closely related to Mongolian nomadic culture. The http://www.un.int/mongolia/culture.htm

PERMANENT MISSION OF MONGOLIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS 6 East 77th street, New York, NY, 10021 tel: 212 861 9460 fax: 212 861 9464 E-mal: mongolia@un.int EXPRESS INQUIRY ABOUT MONGOLIA MONGOLIA AND THE UN DIRECTORY Back to Frontpage ... UN in Mongolia Mongolian culture Mongolian culture has many distinctive features. They are closely connected with the life style. From ancient times on, Mongolian have lived in the vast lands of Central Asia. Raising livestock and nomadic living patterns have found reflection in everyday thinking and the culture. One of the unique features of nomadic culture is that Mongolian people live in full harmony with Mother Nature. In comparison with settled peoples, the nomadic herders, face nature directly on a day in, day out basis. Through this, the herders, are involved in a multifaceted relationship with nature. This is why Mother Nature is the theme of many epics, blessings, and well-wishes. There are many traditions, customs, and teachings regarding the protection and care of mother nature. Tearing up flowers and grass, allowing filth into water systems, digging up and destroying land, killing of animals and destruction of forests are considered sins

26. Nomads Tours - Travel In Mongolia Range of cultural and adventure tours and treks to mongolia, plus information about the tradition, culture, and geography of mongolia. http://www.nomadstours.com.au

27. Mongolian Culture Up coming Events. Festival of mongolia. mongolia Info. Resources Home. mongolia, mongolian culture and mongolian history have been shaped by http://www.mongolianculture.com/

28. MapZones.com Culture mongolia, culture, Back to Top. In 1986 mongolia celebrated the sixtyfifthanniversary of the revolution that had begun the transformation http://www.mapzones.com/world/asia/mongolia/cultureindex.php

Country Info Mongolia Introduction Mongolia General Data Mongolia Maps Mongolia Culture ... Mongolia Time and Date Mongolia Culture Back to Top In 1986 Mongolia celebrated the sixty-fifth anniversary of the revolution that had begun the transformation of a traditional feudal society of pastoral nomads into a modern society of motorcycle-mounted shepherds and urban factory workers. The reshaping of Mongolian society reflected both strong guidance and a high level of economic assistance from the Soviet Union. The relations between Mongolia and the Soviet Union have been extremely close. The ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party has so faithfully echoed the line of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that some Western observers have doubted the reality of Mongolia's independence. Mongolia in 1921 was an exceptionally economically undeveloped society in which nomadic herders, illiterate and marginally involved in a market economy, constituted most of the population. They supported some petty nobles and a large number of Buddhist monks. The society's dominant institution was the Buddhist monastic system, which enrolled much of the adult male population as monks. Such limited commerce as existed was controlled by Chinese merchants, to whom the native nobility was heavily in debt. The only avenue of mobility and escape from broad and ill-defined obligations to hereditary overlords was provided by entrance to the Buddhist clergy, whose monks devoted themselves primarily to otherworldly and economically unproductive pursuits. The population appears to have been declining, because of high death rates from disease and poor nutrition, the large proportion of celibate monks, and high levels of infertility caused by venereal disease.

29. Cultural Restoration Tourism Project Help restore and rebuild a mongolian Buddhist monastery, thereby enhancing and revitalizing the local culture. The Baldan Baraivan monastery is in a beautiful, memote part of eastern mongolia. We are leading small groups of volunteertourists to mongolia to take part in this project. http://home.earthlink.net/~crtp

This site has moved to www.crtp.net please update your bookmarks you will be redirected automatically in 15 seconds Gratis teller

30. Mongolia Directory: Society And Culture mongolia Directory Society and culture, including religion, organizations, history History of the mongolian flag. mongolia Photo Essay http//home.att.net/~patricksommer/ mongol the major http://mongolia.us/directory/Top/Regional/Asia/Mongolia/Society and Culture/8511

Mongolia Directory Mongolia.us Society and Culture Homes Top Regional Asia ... Mongolia Society and Culture CATEGORIES History Organizations Religion LINKS Mongol Uls http://www.fotw.net/flags/mn.html History of the Mongolian flag. Mongolia Photo Essay http://home.att.net/~patricksommer/mongol.htm A photo essay of on Mongolia with written explanation by a former Peace Corps volunteer. Center For The Study Of Eurasian Nomads http://www.csen.org/ Established to promote research on nomadic cultures who lived, or are currently living, in Eurasia, Cold Mornings http://www.peacecorps.gov/story_story.cfm?story_id=391 Personal account of a Peace Corps volunteer English teacher in rural Mongolia. Mongol Mythology http://www.ezlink.com/~culturev/CulturMythology.htm Collection of Mongolian Myths and Stories. Mongolian Language And Scripts http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/language.htm From the director of the Institute of Mongolian studies of the Mongolian State University. Mongolian Resource Page http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/ A collection of material aimed towards the Medieval recreationist.

31. Gordon LAIRD Writing for Mother Jones, the Far Eastern Economic Review and Outside, Gordon Laird has covered stories on environment, politics and culture from a wide range of locales, including the high Arctic, Tibet, mongolia and China. He specializes in documentary reportage, including phototext packages and special investigative projects. Current book projects include POWER Journeys Across an Energy Nation, a documentary survery of climate change, energy and the perils of the industrial age. http://www.gordonlaird.com

Gordon Laird - Canadian writer and photojournalist specializing in documentary and investigative projects http://pages.interlog.com/~grlaird

32. China, Nepal, Tibet, Vietnam, Myanmar, Mongolia, The Last Frontiers Travel Consu Guided tours to various places in China, Tibet, mongolia, Vietnam and Nepal. Features information on excursions, local culture, and nature. http://www.thelastfrontiers.com

Welcome to The Last Frontiers The Last Frontiers Travel Consulting invites you to travel Asia "beyond the travel books". Get close to People, Culture and Nature of China and Tibet, Mongolia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan. Be guided by my own rich experience in these countries: I and my reliable local partners will tailor an itinerary to meet your very special interests and requirements to make your trip unforgettable. Germany Sigrid Seel Krummacker 17 D-35689 Dillenburg Germany Birgitta Augustin Mainzer Strasse 55 D-12053 Berlin Tel: +49 (0)30 5471 5838 Mobile: +49 (0)173 499 0920 PR China 20 Dong Hu Lu (Da Ban Business Centre) Office 6.03 Shanghai, 200 031 Tel: +86 (0)21 5404 8806 Fax: +86 (0)21 5404 8802 info@thelastfrontiers.com

33. Wikipedia Culture Of Mongolia Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia's article on 'culture of mongolia' mongolia's culture could almost be described as pure their is little variation within the Northern Buddhist Lamaism religion . http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Mongoli

34. Photos De Mongolie Paysages, culture festive et religieuse, faune et flore, accompagn©s de commentaires, par Errol Palandjian. http://mongolia.free.fr/

35. Art Council Of Mongolia A Mongolian organization that advocates and supports the development of Mongolian arts and culture. http://www.artscouncil.mn/indexphp.php

About us Arts Event Calendar Links CULTURAL TOURISM PROJECT ... Red Ger Art Gallery click here Contact us Tel/Fax 976-11-319015 E-mail: artscouncil@magicnet.mn NetDesign Updated by the Arts Council of Mongolia.

36. Visit Mongolia - Culture culture The Mongolian way of life is nomadic and intimately connected with the waysof animals. Despite urbanization, the traditions of the steppes live on. http://www.visitmongolia.com/culture.htm

Culture The Mongolian way of life is nomadic and intimately connected with the ways of animals. Despite urbanization, the traditions of the steppes live on. Even in the cities, most Mongolians continue to live in a ger , a large, white felt tent that can be moved easily and has a universal layout: the door always faces south; towards the back and a little to the west is the place of honour set aside for guests; the back of the ger, the khoimor , is the place for elders and most treasured possessions; and on the back wall is the family altar, with Buddhist images, family photos and suitcases. Get a local to explain the dozens of traditional, religious and superstitious rules and customs associated with gers Mongolians have always taken wholeheartedly to Tibetan Buddhism and the links between Mongolia and Tibet are old and deep. Once in a lifetime, every devout Buddhist Mongolian tries to reach the holy city of Lhasa; the Tibetans in turn have relied on various Mongolian tribes to sustain their power. In Mongolia at the time of the communist takeover in 1921, there were 110,000 lamas (monks) living in about 700 monasteries. Beginning in the 1930s, thousands of monks were arrested, sent to Siberian labor camps and never heard from again. Monasteries were closed and ransacked and all religious worship and ceremonies outlawed. Not until 1990 was freedom of religion restored. Since then, there's been a phenomenal revival of Buddhism (and other religions). Monasteries have reopened, and even some ex-Communist Party officials have become lamas. Monasteries and temples (

37. Carleen's Mongolian Culture Page ~~ Mongolian culture ~~. http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/people/carleen/mongolia/culture.html

~~ Mongolian Culture ~~ Mongolian woman making traditional milk tea. Here she is boiling the milk and tea leaves, mixing it as she goes along so that the milk doesn't burn. Milk tea is one of the most important drinks to the Mongolian people. This picture was taken in the countryside of Huvsgol Aimag. This women is the mother of one of my first Mongolian teachers, Otgonbayar. A Traditional Mongolian couple during Tsagaan Sar (White Month), the traditional Mongolian new year. These people are the parents of my friend Gereltsetseg. They kindly opened their house to me during the holidays while I was in Mongolia. A Mongolian family in the countryside. This family belongs to my student Erdenebayar (the girl in the red). Erdenebayar was one of my most talented students who also became my Mongolian tutor. If it hadn't been for her, I might not have learned any Mongolian at all! Pictured here are three generations of Mongolian women (and one crazy foreigner!). This family lives in a ger, Mongolian felt tent, in Khishig-Ondor, a small town in the countryside of Bulgan aimag. The grandmother pictured here is the oldest living person in her village (congratulations grandma!). I will forever be grateful to this family because they kindly adopted my beloved dog Baby when I returned to America. What is a Soyombo?

38. Mongolia Arts And Culture Links mongolia ARTS AND culture LINKS. Arts Introduction to mongolian Art www.Mongolart.mnmongolian Art and culture Nyamgavaa film production http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/mongolia/links/arts.shtml

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch MONGOLIA ARTS AND CULTURE LINKS Arts Introduction to Mongolian Art www.Mongolart.mn Mongolian Art and Culture Nyamgavaa film production company Mongolian and Tuvinian Music: Discography and Reviews Mongolian State Folk Song and Dance Ensemble The Baldan Baraivan Restoration Project : A Plan to Restore a Mongolian Buddist Monestary Culture Mongolian American Friendship Project International School of Mongolian Studies The Legacy of Chinggis Khan National Costumes of the Mongolian People's Republic Mongolian Agricultural University:

39. Mongólia / Mongolia :: Culture & Tourism Links : Kulturális és Idegenforgalmi International catalogue of culture and tourism. Internationaler kultureller und touristischer Katalog. Nemzetközi kulturális és idegenforgalmi katalógus. http://katalogus.kulturinfo.hu/mn.html

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40. Information For Mongolia - Culture, ... Nadaam in Ulan Bator The Living culture Heritage. There are roughly 5 millionMongols today, of whom 2,2 million live within independent mongolia. http://hiddentrails.com/asia/mongolia-gen3.htm

Nadaam in Ulan Bator The Living Culture Heritage There are roughly 5 million Mongols today, of whom 2,2 million live within independent Mongolia. The remaining ethnic Mongols live in China (Inner Mongolia) and Siberia in the so called Buryat Autonomous Republic to the east of Lake Baikal. In China and Russia most Mongols no longer live in gers and they have become minorities in their own lands. Mongolian herdsmen of today share the same lifestyles as those their ancestors have practiced since time immemorial. Their land use patterns date back at least to the time of the Huns and the period during which the Chinese started constructing the Great Wall in 200 BC Their life revolves around their yurts, their livestock and the pastures. More than a quarter of the entire population are semi-nomadic herdsmen. Every Mongolian can ride, in fact they dislike walking. The capital, Ulan Bator offer a sharp contrast to the herdsmen´s lifestyles. Most modern buildings have been erected by Russians over the last thirty or so years. A quarter of the Mongolian population live in this city, but over half of these urbanites still live in traditional gers. Typical for Mongolia, there is a tremendous contrast between the old and the new modern Russian-inspired gray buildings. There seems to be very little middle ground. The modern Russian impact on architecture and lifestyle is confined to Ulan Bator and a few other towns. Approximately 6 percent of the population of Mongolia are non-ethnic Mongols. These non-Mongol groups are kazakhs, urianhai (tuvinian) and hoton. Kazakhs are the main inhabitants in western Mongolia, e.g. the Bayan-Ölgii province. They are muslims and speak a Turkic language. Of the Mongolian ethnic groups the Khalkha Mongols make up 70 per cent of the population and the remaining are divided into 14 sub-groups. Westerners find it difficult to distinguish them from each other.

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