41. Contemporary Art Revealed World War Two effectively destroyed the spirit of modernism. AfterAuschwitz, Theodor Adorno asks if any art has a right to exist. http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~leverett/ModernismandPolitics.html

In the period between World War One and World War Two, progressive modernism continued to pursue its goals, but now often in association with other forces. Progressive artists actively supported political revolution. Pablo Picasso, for example, joined the communist party in 1944, as did many other artists. The Russian Revolution seemed at the time, and for a long time after, to be the answer to the progressive modernist's dream. Marxist communism was the boldest attempt to create a better society, adopting not a political democracy like the United States, but an economic democracy wherein all were economically equal. The ideas of Karl Marx infused the Surrealist movement that saw itself as promoting, in the words of Salvador Dali, "a revolution in consciousness." Communism offered the vision of universal freedom predicated on freedom of ideas. Progressive modernist artists, in the imaginative freedom of their works, exemplified or encouraged this freedom. Under Josef Stalin, however, this freedom was sharply curtailed. Modernism persisted, however, but in a state-manipulated and controlled form. This same form, generally called Social Realism, also flourished at the other end of the political spectrum in Hitler's Nazi Germany. World War One left progressive modernism dazed and confused. World War Two was a blow that only in later decades do we understand as having been mortal. World War Two effectively destroyed the spirit of modernism. After Auschwitz, Theodor Adorno asks if any art has a right to exist. The Nazi holocaust reduced the modernist dream to ashes. The Germans, after all, were a civilized people who had actively participated in the modernist enterprise from the beginning.

42. Update The course materials for art Theory From modernism to Postmodernism, TR Quigley.have been revised and moved to Visual and Cultural Studies. http://www.panix.com/~squigle/sva/syllabus.html

The course materials for: Art Theory: From Modernism to Postmodernism, T. R. Quigley Visual and Cultural Studies tq / 13 Dec 03

43. From Modernism To Postmodernism History of art Home. Course Outline. What we will look in this course is the shiftfrom modernism to Postmodernism in both artistic and art Historical practice. http://www.ucc.ie/ucc/depts/historyofart/mo2pomo.htm

Art and Institution: From Modernism to Postmodernism Art and Institution: From Modernism to Postmodernism Lectures Visual Lab. (password required) Bibliography Online Discussion History of Art Home Course Outline What we will look in this course is the shift from Modernism to Postmodernism in both artistic and Art Historical practice. Central to this shift is the question as to whether art after Modernism can be understood in the context of it being Post, Anti or Late Modernist. A key theme of the course will be the investigation of how much of Art after Modernism engages in a critique of the institutional structures within which art is produced and received. These institutions include art museums, the art market and art history, all of which have been critiqued by artists working after Modernism. About the Online Discussion By following the link to the Online Discussion forum you will gain access to the UCC bulletin board. By scrolling down the page you will find the online discussion related to this course. To enter the discussion you will need to do two things: 1) Register yourself on the Bulletin Board and 2) enter the course password (which the course leader will give to you.)

44. From Modernism To Postmodernism art and Institution From modernism to Postmodernism. art and InstitutionFrom modernism to Postmodernism. Home. Bibliography. Online Discussion. http://www.ucc.ie/ucc/depts/historyofart/mo2pomolecture.htm

Art and Institution: From Modernism to Postmodernism Art and Institution: From Modernism to Postmodernism Home Bibliography Online Discussion History of Art Home Lecture Topics - Term 1 1 - Fri 03 Oct: Introduction. And what is Modernism? 2 - Fri 10 Oct: American Abstract Expressionism 1: the paradigm of Greenberg’s Modernism 3 - Fri 17 Oct: American Abstract Expressionism 2: Art and Institution 4 - Fri 24 Oct: Post Painterly Abstraction 5 - Fri 31 Oct: Op Art and Art and Vision 6 - Fri 07 Nov: 7 - Fri 14 Nov: Minimalism and Institutional Critique 8 - Fri 21 Nov: Photo-realism, Super-realism and the critique of representation 9 - 28 Nov: Johns, Rauschenberg and Duchamp 10 - 5 Dec: Neo –Dada in Europe 11 - 12 Dec: Pop Art 12 - 19 Dec: No Lecture [top of page] Page Editor : f.halsall@ucc.ie Last Update : Nov. 2003 UCC home page

45. Haber's Art Reviews: The Postmodern Paradox paradox directs, people are fighting over the missing heritage of modernism. Postmodernismis thus inherently nostalgic and political. Today an art critic, TJ http://www.haberarts.com/postdox.htm

The Postmodern Paradox John Haber in New York City Out of This World" Baudelaire the Postmodern Start with a poet, a tireless defender of avant-garde painting: This life, this modern life, is a hospital where each patient is obsessed with the desire to change beds. Charles Baudelaire preceded Modernism, but he did not require the gift of prophecy. It is not just his love of Edouard Manet's generation and a new French taste . No, he breathed the modern condition and its artistic form in the night air of the city. If there is a postmodern condition, it cannot even be stated consistently much less cured. Like a right-wing fantasies of the welfare state, Postmodernism is a hospital where the beds must remain empty. Modernism demanded one thing: make it new . If I discard it, I have to find something else, something new. And so I am modernist. If I discard the aim of making it new, then I must do something other than Modernism. But that means something new. Instead of the postmodern condition, one ought to speak of a postmodern paradox. Reasons and reasons why No wonder that proponents of a new cultural era sound so otherworldly. They might be fierce post-cold war ideologues reveling in

46. Haber's Art Reviews: Browse By Idea, I and nostalgia in Postmodernism; Entelechs and a global neighborhood; BitStream novelty and appropriations; Renaissance art s high and low ; modernism tries to http://www.haberarts.com/mythemes.htm

Pick a Theme John Haber in New York City Haber's Reviews . . . by Postmodern Ideas not it takes words . That is why good criticism means sharing ideas. So pick a theme, and see if it can bring art more alive. authenticity and expression . Oh, sure, they worry about gender, politics, and new media. I do, too, but I revel in some old-fashioned tastes and distinctions along the way. If I lose the experience of art, I am done for. Is it Postmodernism yet? Surely someone Theory The postmodern paradox Allegories with a subtext How New York stole the idea of the sublime Appropriating appropriation ... Motion, vision, the body, and illusion: II Practice My reviews often take on the birth and survival of modern art. I argue for its vital interest today, while questioning the institutions keeping the patient alive: A glass ceiling and an "Open House" A Biennial that aims to please Sonnier and real ... More academic than abstraction Why art takes words Who needs critics anyway, and why all that theory ? "Why not say what happened?" as Robert Lowell agonized in a poem about Vermeer. My site offers a hymn to intellectual beauty. I want to show how good writing, like art, can be an eye-opener. Theory Can words enable you to know artists?

47. Defining Postmodernism Firstly, postmodernism was a movement in architecture that rejected the modernist,avant garde, passion for the new. modernism is here understood in art and http://www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0242.html

Defining Postmodernism In the interest of providing some sense of the range of the debate surrounding postmodernism, a debate which is central to much current thinking on hypertext, here is a definition provided by James Morley. It appears here as it was posted on the Postmodern Culture electronic conference list. What is postmodernism? Firstly, postmodernism was a movement in architecture that rejected the modernist, avant garde, passion for the new. Modernism is here understood in art and architecture as the project of rejecting tradition in favour of going "where no man has gone before" or better: to create forms for no other purpose than novelty. Modernism was an exploration of possibilities and a perpetual search for uniqueness and its cognateindividuality. Modernism's valorization of the new was rejected by architectural postmodernism in the 50's and 60's for conservative reasons. They wanted to maintain elements of modern utility while returning to the reassuring classical forms of the past. The result of this was an ironic brick-a-brack or collage approach to construction that combines several traditional styles into one structure. As collage, meaning is found in combinations of

48. Contemporary Literature (Spring 1991) and since the aesthetic features of postmodernism serve purposes sees itself as extendingthe project of modernism. In postmodernism, on the other hand, the http://www.iath.virginia.edu/~jmu2m/contemporary.literature.32:1.html

Practicing Post-Modernism: The Example of John Hawkes by John M. Unsworth Contemporary Literature 32.1 (Spring 1991) John Hawkes provides an excellent opportunity for such an inquiry, for several reasons. Discovered by Albert Guerard in 1947 and vigorously promoted by him in the years that followed, Hawkes was the first American "post-modern" author to gain notoriety. Writers of Hawkes's generation were, in turn, the first in this country to spend their entire creative lives in the academy: they have used that position with unprecedented success to shape and control critical reception, especially through the mechanism of the interview. At the same time, as Guerard's influence on Hawkes demonstrates, criticism can shape a writer's understanding of what is important in his or her creative work. There are two places to look for evidence of the kind of influence I am discussing: in the author's work and in representations of that work, either by the author or by the critics. In what follows, I will look at a short story by Hawkes which encodes a drama of authorial influence on critical reading, and along with it I will consider a critical essay on the story which enacts the part scripted for the reader in that drama. Thereafter, I will take a broader sampling of Hawkes's critical fortunes, with an eye not only to the migration of descriptive language from author to critic, via the interview, but also to the genesis of that language in the writing of Hawkes's earliest and most influential critic, Albert Guerard.

49. Post Modernism - Artists Online, Your Guide To Artists And Art Information On Th Expressionism Classical Realism Contemporary Cubism Expressionism Faux Finish ImpressionismPhoto Realism modernism Pop art Post modernism Realism Surrealism http://artistsonline.biz/painting/style/post_modernism.htm

Post Modernism Index Gallery Featured Artists e-Store ... Contact Related Categories: Media Acrylic Air Brush Oil Water Color Style Abstract Expressionism Classical Realism Contemporary Cubism ... Symbolism Theme Animal Equine Art Fantasy Figurative ... Painting Your site listed here. Details David Platt Images of his surrealist and experimental paintings. http://www.davidplattartist.co.uk Harry Day Paints and exhibits "wave" paintings, as well as florals and abstracts. http://www.harrymday.com John Morgan Geery This is the internet home of the modern fine art stylings of John M. Geery, MFA. http://www.johngeery.com Klaus Gropper Provides a manifesto and galleries for the self-described anarchic realist artist. http://www.klaus-gropper.de/htm-en/index_english.htm Loren Maciver Simple things can lead to discovery to lead the eye by various manipulations of colors, objects and tensions toward a transformation and a reward. http://www.lorenmaciver.com Max Coyer Displaying minimalist, abstract, and enigmatic paintings. http://www.maxcoyer.com

50. Modernism - Artists Online, Your Guide To Artists And Art Information On The Web Finish Impressionism Photo Realism modernism Pop art Post modernism Realism Surrealism Postmodernism? ananswer in five sections 1) Roots of modernism; 2) art http://artistsonline.biz/painting/style/modernism.htm

Post Modernism Index Gallery Featured Artists e-Store ... Contact Related Categories: Media Acrylic Air Brush Oil Water Color Style Abstract Expressionism Classical Realism Contemporary Cubism ... Symbolism Theme Animal Equine Art Fantasy Figurative ... Painting Your site listed here. Details Modernism http://witcombe.sbc.edu/modernism/ Featured Artist Canyon de Chelly © Byron Rogers Books Top Ten Art Sites Abstract Art Animal Art Artists ... orkshops

51. Postmodernism due to the fact that both modernism and structuralism Postmodernism, on the otherhand, is closely associated a strong critic of postmodernism, defines the http://www.fact-index.com/p/po/postmodernism.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Postmodernism The term postmodernism (according to the Latin etymology , postmodern literally means "after what is now") refers to a philosophical and cultural movement , the central premise of which is the rejection of all " metanarratives " (ways of thinking that unite knowledge and experience to seek to provide a definitive, universal truth). There is also the term postmodernity conditions , which are distinctly different from the conditions of modernity . The discussion of postmodern ity is the discussion of these conditions. Postmodern ism is the intellectual (cultural, artistic, academic, and philosophical) response to these conditions. And then there is the term postmodern , which is an adjective used to describe a thing that is either a condition of postmodernity or a response to postmodernity. Beyond this relationship, the term is meaningless in itself. But when combined with a condition or response, it is used to refer to a set of ideas which seek to interpret the condition or response. For example, one may refer to postmodern architecture, postmodern literature, postmodern culture, postmodern philosophy Table of contents 1 Brief outline of postmodernism 2 History of postmodernism 2.1 Early usage of the term

52. Modernism And Postmodernism(s) modernism Traditionally equated with the new and progressive Breakdown of the EnlightenmentProject. Postmodernism and art art is not merely an aesthetic http://cfaonline.asu.edu/the504/notes/postmodern.html

Modernism and Postmodernism Questions Raised What is Postmodernism Why should I care? Or What does it have to do with me? Modernism Traditionally equated with the new and progressive Breakdown of the Enlightenment Project Postmodernism A great, confusing, stressful, and enormously promising (and challenging) transition in HOW we believe (not necessarily WHAT we believe) BUT in many cases the What is just as challenged as the How Postmodernism vs. postmodernity Postmodernity is the time and the condition in which we live Postmodernism is the umbrella term used for schools of thought, the politics, and the movements created by postmodernity Postmodernity Created by the breakdown of the Enlightenment and the transitions brought on by the Industrial Revolution Movement from agrarian to industrial economies (division of labor, disassociation b/t the product and the producer, etc.) Collision of multiple cultures, genders, ethnicities, religions Four central areas of Postmodernity Self-concept: understanding ourselves in terms of the made identity (constructed and reconstructed out of many cultural sources) Moral and Ethical discourse: morality based on the ever shifting ground of socially constructed worldviewsrelativism Art and Culture: no single tradition with the position of artist re culture re observer re society/issues constantly being negotiated and rearranged Globalization: truly global society separated by access to technology, w/unprecedented access to information, quick pace, highly mobile, unstable boundaries

53. Postmodernism - Jahsonic.com through his The Language of Postmodernism, which has on postmodern culture, architecture,art and society. Enlightenment to the present - of modernism and its http://www.jahsonic.com/PostModernism.html

[jahsonic.com] [Next >>] Postmodernism Definition The term Postmodernism refers to a philosophical and cultural movement that is notoriously difficult to define, but distinguished largely by its rejection of modernism . The term is hard to define precisely due to one of its central premises: the rejection of " meta narratives ", ways of thinking that unite knowledge and experience to seek to provide a definitive, universal truth . Also adding confusion to the debate surrounding its definition and significance is the fact that modernity and modernism are not easy to define. Postmodernists claim that modernity was characterised by a monolithic mindset impossible to maintain in the culturally diverse and fragmented world (which is sometimes referred to as postmodernity) that we live in today. Postmodernism, instead, embraces fluid and multiple perspectives, typically refusing to privilege any one 'truth claim' over another. Ideals of universally applicable truths give way to provisional, decentered, local petit recits which, rather than referencing some underlying universal reality , point only to other ideas and cultural artefacts, themselves subject to interpretation and re-interpretation.

54. Modernism And Postmodernism In Miami modernism and Postmodernism in Miami. about museums and artists, I wrote that themutual antagonism between newer and older forms of artmaking, especially http://newcrit.art.wmich.edu/plain/DBmopomo.html

Modernism and Postmodernism in Miami by Darby Bannard Unexpected Selections at Florida International University Almost 30 years ago, in a book about museums and artists, I wrote that the mutual antagonism between newer and older forms of art-making, especially in our time, when they are so manifestly different, comes about only because both are born and raised in the same household - the museum/gallery complex - and that each form of visual art-making should readily find its own natural arena, audience and patronage and live peacefully together. I still believe this, but obviously my timing was off. Today, like squabbling children who age but refuse to grow up, the installation artists and video-makers see the painters and sculptors as clueless and hopelessly retrograde, and the painters and sculptors see the installation artists and video-makers as trend-driven and hopelessly superficial. I guess the pie just isn't big enough to give everyone a good slice. Bofill-Fernandez, Ware and Bethea at Dorsch Gallery Furthermore, they do not get shown much, and when they do, they don't get written about. Our daily newspaper gives us very meager coverage of all visual art and the little we get of painting seems hesitant and chosen for the wrong reasons, not really about the art but about the newsworthyness of the artist or overtones of political correctness in the art, and the extent of that coverage is usually in inverse proportion to the quality of the art it features. So the modicum of straightforward good painting that does get shown goes pretty much unnoticed.

55. Overview: 'The Shift From Modernism To Postmodernism' © Liverpool John Moores U in his introduction to modernism/Postmodernism writes Postmodernism, we can say,splices high with low culture, it raids and parodies past art, it questions http://www.hku.hk/english/courses2000/7006/figitne3.htm

OVERVIEW THE SHIFT FROM MODERNISM TO POSTMODERNISM - Some critics see postmodernist fiction as a development of/from modernist fiction: "Postmodernism extends modernist uncertainty, often by assuming that reality, if it exists at all, is unknowable or inaccessible through a language grown detached from it. Postmodernism investigates instead what worlds can be projected or constructed by texts and language." (Randall Stevenson, Modernist Fiction , Harvester, 1993) - Many see Postmodernism as a reaction to modernism's monotonous universal world vision and its values of individuality, progress, and human self-determination. While modernism was serious, formally experimental, and apocalyptic, postmodernism is more often parodic, playful, and carnivalesque (transitional figures like Beckett, Nabokov, and Borges often seem to retain the pessimistic worldview). Theories of modernist art are based on the notion of finding the limits of the particular artform. Postmodernist art is by comparison, either an art of exhaustion or of celebration. - Modernism (in English fiction) has a paradoxical aesthetic unity in its emphasis on disunity, or fragmentation, as though art could contain life's chaos: could create an order. Postmodernist writing often mocks this pretension to pursue order through language and shows language breaking down or going into overdrive. For a discussion of these aspects see the section on postmodernism in David Lodge

56. Modernism To Postmodernism modernism to Postmodernism. 1. REPRESENTATION. modernism reflects a rapidly changingworld – but art at odds with contemporary world modernism finds aesthetic http://www.hku.hk/english/courses2000/6059/week1

MAES – ENGL6059 Postmodernism /3 – QUESTIONS Introduction and Jean-Francois Lyotard, ‘Answering the Question: What is Postmodernism?’ (1984) WHAT IS POSTMODERNISM? WHEN IS POSTMODERNISM? WHERE IS POSTMODERNISM? WHO ARE THE POSTMODERNISTS? WHAT WAS MODERNISM? 1. LITERARY MODERNISM (WOOLF, JOYCE, T.S. ELIOT FUTURISM and ARCHITECTURE (Le Corbusier, Bauhaus) CUBISM, MONTAGE, DADAISM (PICASSO 4. ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM (KADINSKY, MIRO 5. AUTEUR CINEMA (TRUFFAUT, GODARD) Modernism to Postmodernism REPRESENTATION Modernism reflects a rapidly changing world – but art at odds with contemporary world Modernism finds aesthetic unity in an emphasis on disunity, or fragmentation; art can contain life's chaos? Art to transform/transcend life? Postmodernism mocks pretense to transcendence and order – representation breaking down or over-reaching itself Modernist uncertainty (problematic relation to realism, but faith in art and language to convey uncertainty – modern sublime) Postmodernism extends uncertainty, reality, if it exists at all, is unknowable or inaccessible through language (postmodern sublime). Postmodernism investigates how worlds can be projected or constructed by texts.

57. Premodernism, Modernism, And Postmodernism avoids the liabilities of both premodernism and modernism. They would be. postmodernism. foundthe new logic of Western art since the late 19th Century. http://www.class.uidaho.edu/ngier/490/premod.htm

PREMODERNISM, MODERNISM, AND POSTMODERNISM Excerpted from N. F. Gier, Spiritual Titanism: Indian, Chinese, and Western Perspectives (SUNY Press, 2000), chap. 2. Check the book for references. Let me say at the outset that I am not equating modernism with modernization in the sense of industrialization and urbanization. Modernism is also not necessarily Western and premodernism is not primarily Eastern. Furthermore, modernism is not something new and recent and premodernism something old and ancient. I shall argue that the seeds of modernism are at least 2,500 years old, and they are found in India as well as in Europe. Finally, I contend that we can also discern the beginnings of a postmodernist response among the ancient philosophers, most notably Confucius, Zhuangzi, and Gautama Buddha. Modernism has been described as a movement from mythos to logos, and this replacement of myth by logic has been going on for at least 2,500 years. Almost simultaneously in India, China, and Greece, the strict separation of fact and value, science and religion was proposed by the Indian

58. Daile - Lithuanian Art Review 1999/2 works, art critics refer to the term of Postmodernism. term was introduced in referenceto art of the which departed from the principles of modernism and avant http://www.culture.lt/daile/02(2)/a_mip.htm

art 2002/ TO CONTENTS BACK Gvidas Raudonius. Indas . 1987, ðamotas, glazûra, ¨ 26 (ið LDS parodø fondo) Graþina Ðvaþienë. Dekoratyvinë kompozicija Kalijos . 1980, ðamotinis molis, matinës glazûros, 105 x 75; 92 x 65; 50 x 85 Alvydas Pakarklis. Dekoratyvinë vaza. 1986-1987, ðamotas, aukðtos temperatûros degimas, h 77 (ið LDS parodø fondo) Modernism and Postmodernism in Lithuanian Ceramics by Juozas Adomonis To describe contemporary Lithuanian ceramic works, art critics refer to the term of Postmodernism. The term was introduced in reference to art of the turn of the 20th century, which reflected the tendencies of post-industrial society, which departed from the principles of Modernism and avant-garde art. In Lithuania, traditional concept of ceramic art has also changed. Of value is no longer artistic form, but a concept. Some unique qualities of material are no longer important, as the material itself becomes emblematic of a certain idea. Yet the question remains whether Lithuanian ceramics has really reflected a revolt against Modernism. Some reflections of late modernism are seen in the works of the end of the 1960s. It was also a period of political "thawing’ and more active participation of Lithuanian artists in international artistic events. Young artists felt less pressure from the authority of seniors. The result was increase in number of works of decorative character and modern ones in public spaces and exhibitions.

59. Utopia Dystopia • Modernism & Postmodernism time, it generally strives to make work accessible to the uninitiated and blurs theboundaries between high and low art. modernism, postmodernism. http://www.communication.fau.edu/thomas/im/discourse/utopia/html/postmod1.html?d

60. Modernism/Postmodernism modernism modernism is an intellectual and artistic Postmodernism Whereas the highmodernists experimented with Postmodern art, then, is characterized by http://www.english.ilstu.edu/strickland/495/modpomo.html

Week 5 Readings: Modernism/Postmodernism In this week's readings from Lukacs, Williams and Jameson we have some representative analyses of modernism and postmodernism from the Marxist tradition. Marxism has complex relationships to modernism and postmodernism. It is both a product of the epoch of modernity and a systematic critique of some of the most fundamental features of modernity, such as capitalism and individualism. It has influenced postmodern critique, but many Marxists criticize postmodern theories for being nihilistic or self-defeating because they offer no clear basis for distinguishing between possible values or paths of action. Here I will offer a brief review of the terms to keep in mind as you read the texts. But if you would like to do more background reading, probably the two most widely known texts are Jean-Francois Lyotard's The Postmodern Condition , and Fredric Jameson's Postmodernism: Or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism . Excerpts from these texts and other useful texts are collected in an anthology

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