81. IRAQ SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE 6. Human Rights Watch/middle east Watch, Genocide in Bureaucracy of Repression TheIraqi government in its DC Washington Institute for Near east Policy, 1993 http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue3/jv6n3a1.html

Volume 6, No. 3 - September 2002 For our response to the British government plagiarizing this article, click here. To receive a free subscription to MERIA Journal gloria@idc.ac.il IRAQ'S SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE NETWORK: A GUIDE AND ANALYSIS By Ibrahim al-Marashi Ensuring the survival of President Saddam Hussein are five primary agencies that make up the Iraqi security apparatus: Special Security, General Security, General Intelligence, Military Intelligence and Military Security. In addition to preventing coups and protecting Saddam, these agencies, whose duties largely overlap, maintain internal domestic security and conduct foreign operations. These intelligence agencies along with the Ba’th Party organizations and select units of the military form Saddam’s security network, permeating every aspect of Iraqi life and ensuring his total control over the state. Iraq’s security apparatus, commonly referred to as the Mukhabarat, is one of the main instruments of state control for Saddam’s regime and has been instrumental in its survival despite two costly wars plus numerous internal insurrections, coup attempts and crippling international sanctions. Al-Mukhabarat al-’Iraqiyya (The Iraqi Mukhabarat) rather than a monolithic unit is a vast, complex labyrinth of security organizations with their own intelligence and military units pervading all layers of Iraqi society. The number and size of these agencies have grown dramatically since the Ba’th party takeover of Iraq in 1968. The five main agencies are the

82. Electronic Middle East and humanitiesrelated to the modern middle east . Academic Search Premier generalindex to scholarly books, periodical articles, government documents, reports http://www.library.georgetown.edu/mideast/eme.htm

Lauinger Library website - http://www.library.georgetown.edu GEORGE , the online catalog of Georgetown University's libraries - http://library.georgetown.edu General Subject Guides and Directories Internet Directories - http://www.library.georgetown.edu/internet/guides.htm Middle Eastern Area Studies: Georgetown University Library's Guide to Research -http://www.library.georgetown.edu/guides/mideaststudies/ Search Engines Meta Sites Univ.of Texas-Austin Middle East Network Information Center (UT-MENIC) - http://menic.utexas.edu/menic.html Middle East Studies Association - http://w3fp.arizona.edu/mesassoc/ Militant Islam - Specialized web crawler "focus[ing] on the self-representation of the global Militant and Political Islamic and Islamist movements...in their own words." Available to Georgetown University community only: off campus access instructions . Personal subscriptions also now available at http://www.militantislam.net (sites in Arabic best viewed with Internet Explorer) al-Ahram - http://www.ahram.org.eg/

83. Policy: General Issues - Department Of Foreign Affairs - Government Of Ireland POLICIES general Issues active involvement, both bilaterally and through the EU andmultilateral bodies like the UN, in Asia, Africa, the middle east and the http://foreignaffairs.gov.ie/policy/generalissues.asp?m=p

84. Middle East - General Quick results for SearchTerm. middle east general. Lonely Planet middle east (middleeast, 4th Ed). Book. Paperback. middle east - general. We found these Products. http://www.sitescrape.com/AM/books/Middle East - General.html

A word from our sponsors Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 Steve Coll Hardcover Amazon.com Price: List Price: Amazing insight into south asian policies for 20 years Wow, I could not put this book down, It was so interesting and enthraling. If you want to know how our intelligence agencies opererate, from our spies on the ground to the budgetary procudures, this is all you need. Steve Coll is .... Read More EUR 26,28 Related Pages Steve Coll Afghanistan History ... George Crile Hardcover Amazon.com Price: List Price: A BIT OF HISTORY THAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT How would you like to meet Charlie Wilson, Carol Shannon, Mike Vickers, Gust Avrakotos, Joanne Herring, Doc Long and Zia ul-Haq? These are all fabulous people and very high achievers. You will learn what one person can accomplish if they hav.... Read More EUR 22,81 Related Pages George Crile Afghanistan History ... Stephen Kinzer Hardcover Amazon.com Price: List Price: As Thrilling to Read as it is Illuminating ''All the Shah's Men'' is a wonderfully constructed account of America's fateful decision to back Britain and it's principle Iranian oil interests by overthrowing Iran's popular, democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, in 1....

85. DEBKAfile - Middle East House must have been warned in general terms that for the rejuvenation of his antiquatedgovernment while fending middle east Road Map – A Small Inset on US http://www.debka.com/section.php?cid=9

86. E-Government & Technology Middle East and authentication, says Senior Analyst with IDC middle east and North The generalfeeling tends online, the major success of egovernment initiatives, the http://www.government.blogspot.com/2003_08_01_government_archive.html

A resource for information society, political and eGovernment (eGov) collaboration. ArabGov.Com represents a forum for the sharing of news and initiatives between the governments of Middle-Eastern and Gulf countries. Contact The Editor Dr Simon Moores Dr Moores' Speech on Arab eGovernment UK GovTalk eGovPad ... Mark O'Neill Archives Thursday Kuwait faces e-struggle Nepotism and political patronage are said to be presenting a barrier to e-government in Kuwait Kuwait is struggling with its e-government programme, as it faces political and bureaucratic obstacles, according to reports on 26 August 2003. While there is enthusiasm for e-government in Kuwait, there is also much concern that the widespread practice of "wasta" (akin to nepotism) is undermining efforts to create e-services. According to reports in Kuwait's Arab Times , some experts are worried that politicians are reluctant to introduce e-government fearing they will lose control of state institutions Source KableNet posted at Wednesday Bahrain's NSC to be a truly smart card Bahrain's National Smart Card (NSC), which will be issued next year, will have multiple data, including health information, bank account details, education file, as well as fingerprint of the holder. Only one other country in the world is currently using the Smart Card technology, which will soon become a global system, it was announced here yesterday.

87. Company News - AME Info Business News air conditioning systems and a middle east leader, has Mohamed Ali Alabbar, DirectorGeneral, Department of Economic Development (DED), government of Dubai. http://www.ameinfo.com/news/Company_News/

Home E-mail User Login Thursday, June 10 - 2004 The ultimate Middle East business resource Daily News Wires Company News Event News Education Energy, Oil and Gas ... Real Estate Video Content Features and Events Industry Talk Financial Markets Arab Capital Markets Company Profiles Dr. Marc Faber Emerging Markets ... CNNArabic.com Business Extra Appointments Business Features E-Business Enterprise Solutions ... Focus on CRM Industry Focus Arabian Environment Disaster Recovery Executive Education Leadership ... Public Relations Additional Services AME Info Toolbar Business Intelligence Currency Converter Current World Time ... Index : Company News List of companies in alphabetical order: You can get a list of all articles posted about a specific company sorted alphabetically below. Letters marked in red contain articles posted in the past 7 days. A B C D ... Z Latest items posted in 'Company News' Bahrain Financial Harbour Phase II reclamation set to start In a major announcement, the USD1.3 billion Bahrain Financial Harbour (BFH) awarded the Phase II reclamation contract to a leading industry major with proven track record, the Bahrain-based Ahmed Mansoor Al A'ali Co., signifying the rapid pace at which the landmark project is being developed. read full story Bahrain: 7 hours, 51 minutes ago

88. Western Libraries - Middle East Studies social policy, and the social sciences in general. Journal articles; books; governmentdocuments; statistical compilations Articles on the middle east, 19471971 http://www.lib.uwo.ca/resources/middleeaststudies.shtml

More information and resources can be found in the Library Catalogue Problems with links? Feedback? Please let us know Contents: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries Reference Sources Books Government Information ... Specialized Resources Introduction: Welcome! Below you will find a selection of some of the best research resources The D.B. Weldon Library has to offer in the subject of Middle East Politics. If you don't find what you're looking for on this page, please feel free to contact one of our knowledgeable, helpful staff for further assistance. We're available in person, over the telephone (661-3162) and via e-mail at dbwref@lib.uwo.ca . You can also view our web site at www.lib.uwo.ca/weldon Please note that this page is constangly being updated with new materials to assist you with your research. Check back often to see what's new! Encyclopedias/Dictionaries Consult the following encyclopedias and dictionaries for a subject overview or brief information about people, dates, events, trends, concepts and terminology: An Historical Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict DBW reference DS 119.7.H547

89. Toward Peace And Justice In The Middle East: 2002 UUA Action Of Immediate Witnes it further resolved that the 2002 general Assembly calls the United States governmentto suspend all transfers to become educated on middle east issues and http://www.uua.org/actions/immediate/02peace_and_justice.html

Unitarian Universalist Association Toward Peace and Justice in the Middle East 2002 Action of Immediate Witness Because our Unitarian Universalist Principles call us to affirm the inherent worth and dignity of every person, justice and equity in human relations, and the goal of world community with peace, liberty, and justice for all; and Whereas Rev. William Sinkford, President of the Unitarian Universalist Association, has spoken out on the Middle East conflict in a pastoral letter of March 27, 2002, calling for "our congregations to educate themselves on [the] issues and to engage in honest conversation"; Whereas in 1982 the Unitarian Universalist Association General Assembly adopted a General Resolution encouraging a comprehensive peace settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and calling on all parties to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the others; Whereas Unitarian Universalists have supported and affirmed the rule of law and the positive role of the United Nations in building a world community; Whereas United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 emphasizes "the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace," and other United Nations resolutions have re-affirmed Israel as the "Occupying Power" bound by the Fourth Geneva Convention, "which is applicable to all the Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967";

90. Columbus World Travel Guide - Middle East - Yemen - History And Government routes to India and the Far east eventually made principal northernbased party, theGeneral People’s A government with representatives of all three parties http://travel-guides.com/data/yem/yem580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/MiddleEast/Yemen/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Yemen hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Middle East /Yemen YEMEN History and Government History: To the Romans, Yemen was Arabia Felix , whose mountains and fertile areas distinguished it from the barren desert of the rest of the Arabian peninsula. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Yemen came into the 7th century under the influence of Islam, which was then rapidly expanding throughout the region. It remained within the orbit of various regional powers until, in the 15th century, it became a flashpoint in the struggle between the Egyptians and the Ottoman Empire. Its strategic location subsequently attracted European powers and, during the early 17th and early 19th centuries, there was a constant struggle for control between the Europeans and the Ottomans. The development of trade routes to India and the Far East eventually made protection of the Suez sea route an imperative for the British, who occupied the port of Aden in 1839, as a staging post and military base. The Yemeni hinterland was, for the most part, under the loose control of the Ottoman Empire throughout the 19th century, until 1918, when the Imam Yahya took power in what became the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR). Aden and its surroundings meanwhile, were firmly established as a British colony. Yahya was assassinated in 1948 and his son Ahmed took over. From 1958-1961, the YAR was federated with Egypt and Syria in the United Arab States. Ahmed died in 1962 and an army coup led to civil war between Egypt-backed republicans and Saudi-backed royalists.

91. Ei: Annan Hosts Meeting Of "Quartet" To Discuss Middle East Peace Secretarygeneral s opening statement at press conference following We urge the Israeligovernment to implement present situation in the middle east with great http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article2621.shtml

Entire Site Action Items Activism News BNN Coverage Trends Development Diaries EI in the Press Human Rights Israel Lobby Watch Journalists in Danger Letters to the Media Multimedia Opinion/Editorial Role of the Media About EI for Advanced Search Annan hosts meeting of "Quartet" to discuss Middle East peace UN News, Report, 4 May 2004 View of today's Quartet meeting. ( UN/Eskinder Debebe Meeting today at United Nations Headquarters in New York, the so-called Quartet issued a positive reaction to Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's plan to withdraw all Israeli settlements from Gaza and parts of the West Bank, calling it a "rare moment of opportunity" and a possible restart to its Road Map peace plan for the Middle East. Press conference RealOne In a communiqué read by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan after their meeting, the United Nations, European Union (EU), Russian Federation and United States said they "took positive note" of Prime Minister Sharon's announced intention to withdraw Israeli settlements, a plan that Israel's Likud party rejected in a referendum Sunday. "This should provide a rare moment of opportunity in the search for peace in the Middle East," the Quartet said. "This initiative, which must lead to a full Israeli withdrawal and complete end of occupation in Gaza, can be a step towards achieving the two-state vision; and could restart progress on the Road Map." That plan calls for Israel and the Palestinians to take a series of parallel and reciprocal confidence-building measures leading to two states living side-by-side in peace by 2005.

92. CIA - The World Factbook -- Bahrain archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Field Listing close to primary Middleeastern petroleum born 21 October 1969) head of government Prime Minister http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ba.html

Select a Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

93. Grills Israeli Envoy Over Middle East Crisis - South Africa | General central to a political solution to the middle east crisis. The South African governmentfinds this http://www.warmafrica.com/index/geo/5/cat/1/a/a/artid/89

Portal to South Africa Thu. 10 Jun. 2004 GENERAL TRAVEL CULTURE SPORTS ... ECONOMY Welcome guest Register South Africa In GENERAL Forum 1 post(s) Search Weather Links Archives ... South Africa Guide Other Topics: travel culture sports economy Regional: Southern Africa REGIONAL All Africa North Africa Southern Africa West Africa ... East Africa COUNTRIES Select Country South Africa Morocco Egypt kenya Libya Senegal Zimbabwe Tanzania Mali Partners CHANNELS Forums CHAT ! Weather Web directory ... Webmasters SITE INFO About Privacy Advertising Contact ... general Article Forums Grills Israeli envoy over Middle East crisis 08 - Apr - 2002 South Africa's Deputy Foreign Minister Aziz Pahad. Image by: http://www.gov.za Cape Town - South Africa's Deputy Foreign Minister Aziz Pahad Friday met Israeli Ambassador Tova Herzl to convey his government's concern over the Middle East crisis. Pahad reaffirmed the position of South Africa that Israel's attempts to isolate Chairman Yasser Arafat are a "grave error". The minister drew attention to US Secretary of State Colin Powell's recent assertion that Arafat remains central to a political solution to the Middle East crisis. He informed the ambassador that it is the South African government's view that Israel should allow international diplomatic representatives to enter Ramallah immediately.

94. WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources--Middle East http://www.etown.edu/vl/mideast.html

The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources Please select the next resource category that you want. Quick Clicks Menu Home Starter Tips for Internet Research Virtual Libraries Maps News Sources International Radio and Television Journals and Magazines United States Government Nongovernmental Organizations United Nations European Union Other Intergovernmental Organizations Research Institutes Global and Cross-Cultural Issues Western Europe Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East Africa Asia General Resources for All Countries Resources for Selected Countries International Business and Economics International Development Study/Work/Internships/Service Abroad International Communications World Religions Public Health Global Environment Peace/Conflict Resolution/Security International and National Law Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs International and Comparative Education American Foreign Policy French Language Spanish Language German Language General Foreign Languages Middle East Search Engines and Gateways for Country, Language, or Region-Specific Searches

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