81. Middle East And North Africa: Videotapes In The Media Resources Center, UC Berke Captains and Kings Authority in the middle east. and religious reasons why the predominant middle eastern political to help them and to break an ancient code. http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/MidEastVid.html

Middle East and North Africa General Overviews Afghanistan Algeria Cyprus ... Ancient and Classical Civilizations (for videos on ancient Egypt) Middle Eastern Americans Middle Eastern/North African cinema International Terrorism (including videos related to Sept. 11, 2001) General and Miscellaneous Al Jazeera: Voice of Arabia Founded in 1996, Al Jazeera was the first 24-hour news channel in the Arab world. This documentary, shot on location in Qatar goes behind the scenes of this Arab independent satellite TV channel. Combining news footage, excerpts from various Al Jazeera programs, and interviews with executives, anchors and journalists, the film explores the paradoxes that emerge between the apparent orthodoxy of Arab societies and the journalistic freedom flaunted by Al Jazeera in a dictatorial culture which does not know the meaning of dialogue. 1993. 52 min. Video/C 9719 Description from First Run/Icarus Catalog Ancient and Modern: The Fall and Rise of the Middle East.

82. Civilization Fanatics' Forums - Ancient Middle East Map. Posts 6,673. ancient middle east map http://forums.civfanatics.com/showthread.php?threadid=72554

83. The Electronic Passport To The Middle Ages The Muslims in the middle east and North Africa studied and improved on the works of the ancient Greeks while civilization flourished in subSaharan Africa http://www.mrdowling.com/703middleages.html

HOME TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ... The Bubonic Plague Between Ancient and Modern In AD 476, warriors attacked the city of Rome and ended the more than 800 years of glory for the "eternal city." Historians mark the fall of Rome as the end of ancient history. The next one thousand years were called the Middle Ages. The Latin term for Middle Ages is "medieval." The early Middle Ages are often called the "Dark Ages" because the great civilizations of Greece and Rome had fallen. Life in Europe during the Middle Ages was very hard. Very few people could read or write and nobody expected conditions to improve. The only hope for most people during the Middle Ages was their strong belief in Christianity, and the hope that life in heaven would be better than life on earth. The Dark Ages were anything but dark in other parts of the world. The Muslims in the Middle East and North Africa studied and improved on the works of the ancient Greeks while civilization flourished in sub-Saharan Africa, China, India, and the Americas.

84. Egypt And The Ancient Near East For Young People And Teachers, Teacher, Educatio View from Above (satellite maps) including middle east. Oriental Institute ancient Near east Site Maps; Think Quest s ancient Egypt site May 7th. http://orientalinstitute.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/RA/ABZU/YOUTH_RESOURCES.HTML

what's new announcements public programs comments ... ORIENTAL INSTITUTE RESEARCH ARCHIVES Egypt and the Ancient Near East Web Resources for Young People and Teachers A project and publication of The Research Archives of the Oriental Institute , Chicago This page is authored, edited and maintained by Alexandra A. O'Brien Please leave a comment in our guest book. For Students Egypt Ancient Near East Non-Egyptian Mummies ... What's New TIP: USE YOUR BROWSER'S "FIND" COMMAND TO HELP YOU FIND A PARTICULAR TOPIC Sites for Young People Sites about Egypt Amsterdam History Projects (Ms Hos-McGrane's Grades 5 and 6 social studies classes) Egypt Ancient Maths including: Egyptian Numerals Sumerian and Babylonian Numerals The Ancient Egypt Site This attractive and colourful site is compiled by Jacques Kinnaer , a Belgian Egyptologist. The History of Ancient Egypt Including pages on each period of Egyptian history from the Early Dynastic to the Graeco-Roman Period Saqqara including: Topography, with maps Historic overview Archaeology Main Field Djoser, Gisr el-Mudir, Great Enclosure, Hotepsekhemwi, Ninetjer, Sekhemkhet, Teti, Unas, Userkaf, Western Massif

85. Social Studies School Service Search Results List how agriculture and trade contributed to the growth of this flourishing civilization. Hardback. Grades 712. GP671. ancient middle east THEMATIC UNIT http://www.socialstudies.com/c/@xs0vrGmTAiaKI/Pages/search.html?Record_Type=Prod

86. The Amazing Ancient World - Premier Ancient Civilization Internet Book ACT I lands. To study ancient Civilization is to travel across parts of Africa, southern Europe, the middle east, and Asia to India. It http://www.omnibusol.com/ancient.html

THE AMAZING ANCIENT WORLD OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION: ACT I This Internet Book visited 14, 862,401 times since April 1997 (as of 12/2000) The PREMIER JOURNEY to The Ancient World, weaving together the Peoples of those lands and civilizations and the way they lived and - their thoughts, their hopes, their dreams, their lives. What is the Ancient World? Greece, Rome, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Babylon, Sumer, Nubia, Persia, Byzantium, Turkey? Or is it Assyrians, Chaldeans, Hebrews, Hittites, Akkadians, Etruscans, Minoans? Is it Alexander, Plato, Virgil, Socrates, Hammurabi, Aristotle, Nefertiti, the Pharaohs, Emperors, Caesar, Cleopatra, Sargon, Akhenaton, the Black Athena, Homer? Or is it the dinosaurs, Stonehenge, hunters, slaves, women, rulers, soldiers, or the Iliad, the Aeneid, the Odyssey, the Olympics? Is it found in the ruins, temples, forums, pyramids or in the remnants of ordinary life? Explore through this Web Book and the Online College Course. Ancient Civilization did not begin in what we think of as the West. It did not start in Paris or Berlin or London or Prague or Brussels or Stockholm. It grew out of the Mediterranean breezes, the sun and desert of Northern Africa, the Persian and West Asian lands. To study Ancient Civilization is to travel - across parts of Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia to India. It is a linking voyage, not a reducing trip. It CONNECTS peoples, ideas, patterns, developments, organizations, wars, religions, art, architecture, food and drink. It is a human endeavor about a human story.

87. Awesome Library - Social_Studies Walters); ancient History By Civilization and Period ancient History and Philosophy (Multnomah County Incas, Mayans, Mediterranean, middle east, and Romans. http://www.awesomelibrary.org/Classroom/Social_Studies/History/Ancient_and_Medie

Awesome Talking Library Examples ... Spelling Here: Home Classroom Social Studies History > Ancient and Medieval Ancient and Medieval Also Try Ancient Aztecs Ancient Celtics Ancient Chinese Ancient Civilizations ... History Lesson Plans Books History of Money from Ancient Times to Present Day (Davies) Lesson Plans -History - Ancient Civilizations (Donn) Provides units organized by ancient civilization. Includes over a dozen units within each ancient civilization, including China, India, Greece, Egypt, Rome, Mesopotamia, Africa, Aztecs, Incas and Mayans. Covers daily activities in ancient times to bring each civilization to life. Ancient History Lessons are available in the Awesome Library under: Lessons - Social Studies - History Comparative Civilizations (British Columbia Ministry of Education) Compares the culture, art, and values of larger civilizations of the past. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. Grade 12. 2-01 History - Women in History (Women in World History Curriculum - Reese) Provides lesson ideas regarding women. Lists -Ancient History (Mautz) Provides links to people, places, and events. Ties resources into links in the arts related to the same time periods and places. 2-01

88. Binghamton University, MENA Program Civilization and Peasant Culture; Southwest Asian and Culture; Old World Prehistory; ancient Near eastern Women in the middle east; Mediterranean Ethnology http://mena.binghamton.edu/

MENA Table of Contents Program Description Courses Faculty Conferences and News ... Contact the MENA Program Program Description The Middle East and North African (MENA) Program at Binghamton University coordinates study of the Middle East, North and Sudanic Africa, and European countries that have extensive Islamic contact. The program develops and integrates research and graduate and undergraduate instruction about the MENA area. Courses related to this area are offered in history, geography, political science, anthropology, sociology, economics, music, Arabic, Ottoman and modern Turkish, Hebrew, and Persian. Undergraduate students with majors in the humanities and social sciences may enroll in the Middle East and North African Program and, upon successful completion of the program, receive a MENA certificate. To receive the certificate, students must meet all college and departmental major requirements and complete the MENA requirements, including a total of eight MENA courses. Independent studies and honors work may be credited as MENA courses, when approved by the appropriate department and the MENA committee. The program does not supplant the normal disciplinary specialization or undergraduate major, but permits certain selections that constitute a coherent course of study about this area, within the framework of requirements for graduation. Opportunities are available for travel and study in the MENA region under SUNY sponsorship (for example, in Binghamton's Arabic studies program in Morocco).

89. Middle East - Links And Featured Information - MuseumStuff.com all facets of wildlife and conservation in the middle eastern and 11 British Museum - Near east Collections - The Department of the ancient Near east http://www.museumstuff.com/features/middle_east.html

MUSEUMS SHOWCASE EXHIBITS NEWS ... history middle east This is a page of featured links about middle east .. it contains middle east related resources and information that are both educational and entertaining .. our website contains 1000's of items on a wide range of topics .. each item has been reviewed by an editor for quality with a goal of providing both the "best" or "most authoritative" links about middle east, as well as some that are obscure and hard to find .. but worth the effort .. however if you are unable to locate what you need here, you are most welcome to search our site for more .. middle east .. links, articles, websites, news and other resource types. A Brief History of Israel-Palestine Conflict - A brief, balanced history of the Arab-Israeli conflict with links to sources, maps, timeline, bibliographic database and in depth-treatment of special topics. - Resource provided by MidEast Web for Coexistence .. a registered non-government organizat Afghanistan 1969-1974 American Guild of Judaic Art - Serves as a forum and referral service to help promote Judaic Art. The Guild?s members include not only artists but galleries, retailers of Judaica, writers and many others professionally involved in the field. Anatolian Women - 9000 Years of History - Online exhibit featuring sculpture, ornamental art, figurines and goddesses .. from the Ephesus Archaeological Museum and the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations

90. Travel To Egypt - Egypt: Splendors Of An Ancient Civilization Home Travel to middle east ReviewEgypt Splendors of an ancient Civilization Travel to Egypt. Travelhelper.com review all the http://www.travel-helper.com/to/middle-east/egypt/Egypt-Splendors-of-an-Ancient-

Home Travel to Middle East Review:Egypt: Splendors of an Ancient Civilization Travel to Egypt Travel-helper.com review all the media and related products you need to make your travel to Egypt more than perfect. Check out "Egypt: Splendors of an Ancient Civilization" below. Egypt: Splendors of an Ancient Civilization Format: Hardcover Author: Alberto Siliotti ReleaseDate: September, 1998 Publisher: Rating: EXTREMELY PLEASANT PICTURE BOOK I will not add too much to what the other reviewers have opined on this magnificent book. It is gorgeously illustrated with superior photographs and interesting drawings and geographical overviews. It is the perfect book to get anyone interested in the never-ending treasures to be found in Egypt. The large-format size and the several fold-outs only add to the many and varied pleasures to be found in this book. Also, it is somewhat scholarly and has some very useful timelines and genealogies. Highly recommended to all Egyptophiles and lovers of antiquity alike. Tim Wingate, CANADA i drool whenever i look at this book Splendid book on Egypt's splendors I first saw this book after a four-week trip to Egypt, where our travels included as much as we could see between the relocated monument Ramses II built in honor of himself at Abu Simbel to the vicinity of El-Qahira (Cairo) and its monuments and museums. This book is the one I have chosen to "keep my memories fresh" and share them with others- it is that good, and more. The illustrations are brilliant; the informative text is thorough and illuminating without being pedantic or burying the photos and drawings. I only wish the Cairo Museum had books as good as this one! If you love Egypt, this book will live an active life on your coffee table.

91. HJG: Periodicals Directory: Chronological Index: Ancient Near East / Middle East Discussion Lists Directory Chronological Index ancient Near east Journal of ancient civilizations. Journal of ancient Near eastern Religions. http://www.history-journals.de/journals/hjg-period-006.html

WWW-Virtual Library The History Journals Guide by Stefan Blaschke - Periodicals Directory - The History Index Home Complete Index Electronical Index Chronological Index ... Announcements Chronological Index Ancient Near East / Middle East Discussion Lists Directory: Chronological Index: Ancient Near East Contact Search Achaemenid History. Proceedings of the Achaemenid History Workshops Acta antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Acta Orientalia Adumatu : an academic refereed journal on the archaeology of the Arab world Altorientalische Forschungen Ancient Near Eastern Studies. An Annual published by the School of Fine Arts, Classical Studies and Archaeology, University of Melbourne Antichthon . Journal of the Australian Society for Classical Studies Antik Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Baghdader Mitteilungen Berytus . Archaeological Studies Biblical Archaeologist. Perspectives on the Ancient World from Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean Journal of Ancient Civilizations Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Journal of Assyrian academic studies Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society Ktema Levant . Journal of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem Near Eastern Archaeology Orient Orientalia Argentina. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History And Biblical Studies

92. Iraq - The Cradle Of Civilization At Risk : H-Museum Current Focus Further periodicals Near and middle east (History Journal Guide). top of the page. Museums / Collections / Institutions. ABZU - ancient Near east on the http://www.h-net.org/~museum/iraq.html

Thursday, June 10, 2004 home news about search ... contact us Information Homepage Subscribe Welcome Your Account ... Partner About H-Net Help Statistics Deutsch ... Français Contents Current focus Reviews Journals News digests ... Links Mail forms Announcement Message Jobs Search Enter keyword(s) Search all H-Net Logs H-MUSEUM's Current Focus Iraq - The cradle of civilization at risk Cultural heritage and historical monuments Introduction Iraq News Digests Museums/Collections/Institutions Online Resources ... Latest News [first edited: March 21, 2003] Introduction read this text in German The current focus looks from a cultural and historical perspective at present developments concerning the military conflict in Iraq. Included are also special editions of the News Digest part , which contains articles from the time of the first Gulf War to the present dealing with the historical monuments, archaeological sites, and museums in Iraq. The editorial staff thanks Dr. Margrit Sollbach-Papeler, a historian with special interest in and detailed knowledge of the ancient civilizations and historical places of the Near East. Iraq is a country with a rich history. A great number of monuments of the history of civilization, archaeological sites, and museums are situated on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and in other areas. Already in 1990/1991, during the first Gulf War, these historical monuments and other places of historical importance were put at direct risk by military action as well as by the abuse as Iraqi military positions. The war in Iraq in 2003 again exposes these historical monuments and other places of historical interest to great danger. War always carries with it not only suffering and misery for the population but also always hurts the cultural and historical evidence.

93. Ancient Near East: Internet Resources Created by Phillip Martin, a middle school art and humanities teacher at with geographical and climatological background about the ancient Near east. http://www.internet-at-work.com/hos_mcgrane/mesopotamia/eg_neast_intro.html

[Grade 6 Projects] [Ancient History Menu] Ms Hos-McGrane's Grade 6 Social Studies Class Welcome to our Ancient Near East Internet Resources Page [Agricultural Revolution] [Mesopotamia: General Resources] [Mesopotamia: Lecture Notes] [Student Projects] ... [Return to Ancient History Menu] Student Projects on Ancient Near East Track Star: Mesopotamia: Student Activity Marilee Lindgren This track is designed for the use of students. The goal is for students to learn more about some aspects of Ancient Mesopotamia by following selected web links. Topics include: artifacts, the wheel, chariots, sailboats, maps, and Hammurabi's Code. This is part of a larger site Track Star , web-based lessons desiged by other teachers and archived at this site. Mesopotamia Urbana Middle School, Illinois Classroom projects, artifacts and selected links produced by middle school classes in as part of a museum grant to provide middle school ancient history resources on the Internet. Visitors to the site will find student projects on a variety of topics including: Hanging Gardens and Ziggurat , Tablet, Cylinder Seal and Bulla, Cities, Wheels, Writing, Religion, Helmets, and Sumerian City - Ur. Ancient Mesopotamia Grade Six Projects. William Penn Charter School, Philadelphia, PA

94. The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Islamic And Middle Eastern Law Northwestern University, History of ancient Egypt Resources. Nordic Conference on middle east Studies Ethnic Goldschmidt Jr., Islamic Civilization , A Concise http://www.soas.ac.uk/Centres/IslamicLaw/Materials.html

WWW-VL SOAS CIMEL Home About the Centre ... Books Materials 1 Studying Islamic Law Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Materials on the Net Part of the World Wide Web Virtual Library Page 1 Texts at This Site Texts Elsewhere on the Net Ancient (pre-Islamic) Middle East Primary Sources ... Page 2 Links to academic courses, law firms, periodicals and other web sites Index by Country Texts organised by nation rather than topic Texts Available at this Site The Application of Islamic law in the English Courts by His Honour Judge David Pearl The Middle East into the 21st Century by Chibli Mallat Feminism and Islam order this book Introduction by Mai Yamani Financial Times review of Feminism and Islam, ... October 27, 1997 Islamic Law and Finance order this book Preface by Chibli Mallat Introduction by William Ballantyne Islamic Family Law order this book Forward by Antony Allott Introduction by Chibli Mallat Commercial Law in the Middle East order this book Preface by Lord Woolf Introduction by Hilary Lewis Rutley and Chibli Mallat Islam and Public Law order this book Introduction: On Islam and Democracy by Chibli Mallat Water in the Middle East order this book Preface by J.A. Allan and Chibli Mallat

95. Middle East Studies of Law HIST 235 History of Christianity HIST 237 ancient Civilization 1 HIST PSCI 282 Foreign Policy PSCI 384 Foreign Policies of Select middle east States RS http://www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infoucal/9798/INTER/mid_east_studies.html

UW Home Contents Prev Next ... Up Middle East Studies The Middle East has played a vital role in the history of the world for millennia. Its past and present civilizations, languages, religions, cultures and scientific accomplishments have penetrated and become integral parts of Western civilization and culture. The Middle East continues to be a significant factor in world events today. For these reasons, the study of the Middle East remains an important and valuable academic activity. The Middle East Studies Option provides students with an opportunity to explore the many aspects of Middle Eastern civilization, through an organized program including courses offered by Middle East Studies faculty, as well as an extensive selection of courses with Middle East content. Students will normally enter the program in their second year, although appropriate courses taken during Year One can be applied to the Middle East Studies Option. Before preregistration, students should consult with the Director of the Middle East Studies Option and with the department involved to determine which courses will be available during the coming year. Note New students are not being admitted to this program.

96. Middle East: Teacher Tips They travel to the ancient Lycian cities of Olimpos technologies are what led to civilization, and the middle east Stage Teachers Guide Teacher Zone Main Page http://www.worldtrek.org/odyssey/teachers/ttips/021200ttips.html

Teacher's Guide February 12, 2000 Update Remember, the "Kids' Versions" are aimed at K-6. Check out this date's update The team generated the following reports: Try the following activities: Team - What the Gods Have Joined Man Has Put Asunder: The Ancient City of Miletus The Team experiences the siege of the ancient port city of Miletus by Alexander the Great, and learns about its maritime and cultural dominance. Includes information on Thales, philosophy, geometry, Memnon, ruins and warfare. Using the same method Thales used on the Pyramids, figure out the height of your school building (or any other large object or structure) by measuring its shadow at the same time of day that your own shadow equals your own height. Discuss the geometry behind this technique, and the ancient origins of other laws of geometry. Abeja - The Many Faces of God Here in Ephesus This article traces the history of Ephesus from its foundation through Roman times, focussing on the worship of Cybele/Artemis/Diana as the patron goddess-'til the Christians came along. It touches upon the Hittites, Ionia, the Persian Wars, Alexander the Great, and the Romans. Includes a sidebar about the seven wonders of the ancient world. This dispatch shows how cultures and traditions can combine and metamorphose over time. Ephesus was a crossroads and melting pot of the ancient world, as illustrated by the changing status of the temple. Consulting various sources (an encyclopedia, the internet, etc.) ask your students to compare Artemis, Cybelle, and Diana, the goddesses that the temple of Ephesus was dedicated to. Are they different goddesses completely, the same goddess but from different cultures? Follow up with a more general discussion about cultural fusion, perhaps using illustrations closer to home (fusion of music, food, religion, etc.)

97. ODYSSEY/Homepage Kids! Welcome to Odyssey Online, a journey to explore the ancient Near east, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and 19th 20th century sub-Saharan Africa. http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/MidElem_Home.html

Kids! Welcome to Odyssey Online, a journey to explore the ancient Near East, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and 19th - 20th century sub-Saharan Africa. In Odyssey Online you'll find museum objects from the Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia and the Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, and the Dallas Museum of Art in Texas. You can make your own discoveries through cool puzzles, games, and worksheets. When you see a picture of a museum object, click on the picture to learn more about it! Where you see this icon, click on it for more exciting information on these cultures! We have developed a new Teacher Resource Site Everyone! If you want to know how to get to specific parts of Odyssey Online quickly, check out the Sitemap! Now that you're ready to go, choose a destination and have a great time! Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester and Dallas Museum of Art For more information please contact odyssey@emory.edu

98. Ancient Civilizations [Beyond Books] Program Contents Page. http://www.beyondbooks.com/wcu81/index.asp

Hello, GUEST Log in How Do We Know? Prehistoric Times Ancient Egypt The Early Middle East Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Africa South Asia: India and Beyond China Japan: An Island Nation Central and South American Empires Search BB Program Contents Page Ancient Civilizations [Introduction] 1. How Do We Know? 1a. Archaeologists and Their Artifacts 1b. Anthropologists and Their People 1c. Historians and Their Time 1d. Geographers and Their Space 2. Prehistoric Times 2a. "I Love Lucy" 2b. Food, Clothing and Shelter 2c. A Page Right Out of History 2d. First Technologies: Fire and Tools 3. Ancient Egypt 3a. Life along the Nile 3b. Egyptian Social Structure 3c. Dynasties 3d. Mummies 3e. Pyramids 3f. Women of Ancient Egypt 4. The Early Middle East 4a. Life in Sumer 4b. Babylonia 4c. Hammurabi's Code: An Eye for an Eye 4d. Assyrians: Cavalry and Conquests 4e. Persian Empire 4f. Phoenicians: Sailing Away 4g. Hebrews and the Land of Milk and Honey 4h. Birth of Christianity 4i. Muhammad and the Faith of Islam

99. The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights regarded as one of the most ancient written documents, while important material on the history of the ancient Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations is provided http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_5_1.html

A remarkable collection of cuneiform inscriptions, reliefs, pieces of small statuary and applied art represent the culture of the Sumerians, founders of a civilization between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates; their successors, the Akkadians and Babylonians, who created the powerful Assyrian Empire; and the peoples of the ancient Mediterranean. The earliest items come from the late 4th to early 3rd millenium BC. A group of painted pottery found in a necropolis at the settlement of Susa demonstrates the skill of craftsmen from Elam, home of the earliest civilization on the territory of Iran. A stone tablet with a pictographic inscription (late 4th to early 3rd millenium BC) from the Sumerian town of Uruk is regarded as one of the most ancient written documents, while important material on the history of the ancient Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations is provided by a number of pieces such as the cuneiform archive of a temple of the Sumerian goddess Bau at Lagash (28th-23rd centuries BC); documents associated with the 3rd dynasty of Gudea (c. 11th century BC); and economic documents for the town of Ur during the 3rd dynasty (11th-10th centuries BC).

100. Electronic Passport To Ancient Greece is why Greece is often known as the Cradle of Western Civilization. modern nation known as Greece, but the poli of ancient Greece extended east to land http://www.mrdowling.com/701greece.html

TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ANCIENT EGYPT ... Quiz Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport Ancient Greece Greek Mythology Homer Sparta Athens ... Alexander the Great The Cradle of Western Civilization The civilization of ancient Greece flowered more than 2500 years ago but it influences the way we live today. Greece is a peninsula in southeastern Europe. The people of the region attempted to explain the world through the laws of nature. They made important discoveries in science. They developed democracy, where people govern themselves rather than being ruled by a king. The Greeks also valued beauty and imagination. They wrote many stories and plays that continue to be performed today. The ancient Greeks developed a great deal of what we take for granted . This is why Greece is often known as the Cradle of Western Civilization. The people of ancient Greece could not farm most of their mountainous, rocky land, so they became excellent sailors who traveled to distant lands. The Greeks learned the alphabet from the Phoenicians, a sea faring people from modern day Syria and Lebanon. The mountainous land also meant that it was difficult to invade Greek lands. The Balkan Mountains in the north and

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