21. BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS: Malignant Biology have the chance to earn extra credit by reading recommended books relating to biology and microbiology (for a A BRIEF history OF HUMANS AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE. http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/101biologicalweapons.html

MICROBIOLOGY 101 INTERNET TEXT CHAPTER XV, ADDENDUM: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; MALIGNANT BIOLOGY UPDATED: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface History of Biological Warfare Definition of Biological Weapons Advantages of Biological Weapons ... References and Resources RECENT NEWS ON BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS 10/3/98, London Sunday Times: This comes under the heading of "BIG SURPRISE" " Israeli warplanes equipped to carry chemical, biological weapons . Israeli F-16 fighters have been equipped to carry chemical and biological weapons manufactured at a secret biological institute in a Tel Aviv suburb.." ( wonder what that does for the nearby property values? ). "...Israeli air force crews are now trained to fit active chemical or biological weapons to F-16s within minutes of receiving a command to attack." 10/13/98, PBS Frontline Special Report: PLAGUE WARS Visit this site for more information that will frighten the bejebbers out of you MOTIVATION I was motivated to write on this subject for the following reasons: As an Instructor of non-science majors taking Micro 101/ I feel that it is important to inform students (as citizens) of both the beneficial and harmful uses of biological knowledge.

22. History Of Microbiology microbiology Immunology BS109 history of microbiology, Updated September 10, 2003, Search. A Brief history of microbiology. Development of microscopy http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/109/History.html

: History of Microbiology Updated: September 10, 2003 Search A Brief History of Microbiology Development of microscopy: Aristotle (384-322) and others believed that living organisms could develop from non-living materials. Hans and Zacharias Janssen (Dutch lens grinders) mounted two lenses in a tube to produce the first compound microscope. Robert Hooke (1635-1703) published "Micrographia", containing drawings and detailed observations of biological materials made with the best compound microscope and illumination system of the time. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was the first person to observe microorganisms. Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe pioneered developments in microscopy (such as immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses which reduce chromatic aberration) which perist until the present day. Ernst Ruska constructed the first electron microscope. Spontaneous generation controversy: Francesco Redi (1626-1678) was an Italian physician who refuted the idea of spontaneous generation by showing that rotting meat carefully kept from flies will not spontaneously produce maggots.

23. A History Of Microbiology A history of microbiology. INTRODUCTION. DISCOVERIES. Abiogenesis. Virulence. Vaccines. REVENGE. Antibiotics. Clean Revolution. Resistance. THE BEGINNING Perhaps the deadliest pathogen in history, the Black Death has claimed over 200 million lives and contributed to the http://www.historique.net/microbes/history.html

A History of Microbiology INTRODUCTION THE BEGINNING Microscopy Discovery Science DISCOVERIES Abiogenesis Virulence Vaccines REVENGE Antibiotics Clean Revolution Resistance THE BEGINNING By the 13th century fear of the diseased took a drastic turn in the formation of small leper colonies intended to isolate people carrying the devastating disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae . In 1348, a mass epidemic caused by a single organism, Yersinia pestis , wiped out nearly one third of Europe's population. The Plague spread rapidly in the unsanitary conditions of the Middle Ages, leaving Medieval Europeans defenseless against its devastation. Entire towns succumbed to the disease, leaving the living to dispose of thousands of contaminated corpses. Perhaps the deadliest pathogen in history, the Black Death has claimed over 200 million lives and contributed to the fall of empires. By the time of the Renaissance, advances in optics and microscopy were made. Robert Hooke, a young English scientist, became the first person to view and describe fungi using a simple compound microscope. In 1665, Hooke published Micrographia which detailed his observations of tiny cork-like cells resembling "little boxes." Over 200 years before the first antibiotics were invented, Dutch scientist

24. Microbiology -- History history of microbiology. Definition The study of microorganisms; includes bacteria, archaea, yeasts, fungi (molds), viruses, algae, and protozoans. prokaryotes and small eukaryotes - very small life forms, require magnification. history http://nsm1.utdallas.edu/bio/gonzalez/lecture/micro/history.htm

History of Microbiology Definition : The study of microorganisms ; includes bacteria, archaea, yeasts, fungi (molds), viruses, algae, and protozoans. prokaryotes and small eukaryotes -very small life forms, require magnification History LATE 1600's Antony van Leeuwenhoek - First to observe bacteria with a microscope; ~50-300X magnification; darkfield illumination. He was not trained as a scientist but, rather, ground glass lenses in his spare time. Spontaneous Generation (Life from decaying matter) 40 BC Virgil gave a recipe for growing bees artificially von Helmont told how to produce mice (leave piles of grain and cheese undisturbed in an attic) -Observation: Decaying meat maggots Francesco Redi : Cover decaying meat with paper no maggots Cover decaying meat with gauze no maggots fly eggs in the gauze that developed into maggots maggots offspring of flies OK, flies did not arise from spontaneous generation, but surely van Leeuwenhoek's " animalcules " did. Louis Jablot Dish with infusion boil to sterilize if left uncovered growth If covered no growth John Needham (setback) -First bacterial "culture"

25. Northeast Branch Of The American Society For Microbiology - History The objectives of the Northeast Branch of the American Society for microbiology are to promote and advance scientific knowledge and provide fellowship among http://www.asm.org/Branch/brNoE/history.shtml

OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Northeast Branch of the American Society for Microbiology are to promote and advance scientific knowledge and provide fellowship among those in the Northeast Section who are interested in the advancement of Microbiology and related disciplines, and to cooperate with the National Society and with other local branches in the furtherance of these objectives. MEMBERSHIP Four types of membership are available in the Northeast Branch and the Branch members may, or may not, be members of the National ASM; (a) Active Membership; any person interested in the advancement of the science of Microbiology is eligible for election to Active Membership; (b) Sustaining Membership: any person or organization interested in the advancement of the science of Microbiology is eligible for Sustaining Membership upon the recommendation of the Sustaining Membership Committee; (c) Student Membership; any student enrolled full-time in an accredited college or university is eligible for Student Membership at a reduced dues rate; and (d) Honorary Life Membership; distinguished microbiologists, upon nomination by the Council and election by the voting members of the Branch, may become Honorary Members of the NEB and are exempt from the payment of dues. OFFICERS and COUNCIL The officers of the Branch include the President, President-elect, Secretary and Treasurer, a National Councilor and an Alternate National Councilor, all of whom also must be members of the American Society for Microbiology. These and other positions are held by members who volunteer their time and work to further NEB objectives; members are elected or appointed to the offices.

26. ASM Membership Journal of the history of Biology, 32142 pdf Click to download jhb1998b Beitraege zur Biologie der Planzen 1127-222 In Milestones in microbiology 1556 to http://www.asm.org/MemberShip/index.asp?bid=16731

27. A History Of Microbiology A history of microbiology, INTRODUCTION THE BEGINNING Microscopy Discovery Science. DISCOVERIES Abiogenesis Virulence Vaccines. REVENGE http://microbes.historique.net/history.html

A History of Microbiology INTRODUCTION THE BEGINNING Microscopy Discovery Science DISCOVERIES Abiogenesis Virulence Vaccines REVENGE Antibiotics Clean Revolution Resistance THE BEGINNING By the 13th century fear of the diseased took a drastic turn in the formation of small leper colonies intended to isolate people carrying the devastating disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae . In 1348, a mass epidemic caused by a single organism, Yersinia pestis , wiped out nearly one third of Europe's population. The Plague spread rapidly in the unsanitary conditions of the Middle Ages, leaving Medieval Europeans defenseless against its devastation. Entire towns succumbed to the disease, leaving the living to dispose of thousands of contaminated corpses. Perhaps the deadliest pathogen in history, the Black Death has claimed over 200 million lives and contributed to the fall of empires. By the time of the Renaissance, advances in optics and microscopy were made. Robert Hooke, a young English scientist, became the first person to view and describe fungi using a simple compound microscope. In 1665, Hooke published Micrographia which detailed his observations of tiny cork-like cells resembling "little boxes." Over 200 years before the first antibiotics were invented, Dutch scientist

28. History Of Infectious Diseases With the beginning of microbiology, bacterial pathogens became apparent. Some of the highlights in the history of microbiology are listed here (Source St. http://www.bacteriamuseum.org/niches/features/diseasehistory.shtml

Jump to Category: Choose Category What Are Bacteria Pathogenic Bacteria Evolution Bacterial Species How We Fight Bacteria Jump to Exhibit: Choose Exhibit Bacteria and Insects Images of bacteria The black Death Wine and Vinegar making Bacteria and Plants Microbial Ecology Bacteria and Crime Bioterrorism You are here: www.bacteriamuseum > Special feature files > History of infectious diseases Related: go to: The plague go to: general categories: Pathogenic bacteria > Pathogens Special feature: Bacterial Diseases in History Bacteria existed long before humans evolved, and bacterial diseases probably co-evolved with each species. Many bacterial diseases that we see today have been around for as long as we have, others may have developed later. In either case, for the longest time we were not aware of the cause of infectious diseases. With the beginning of microbiology, bacterial pathogens became apparent. Some of the highlights in the history of microbiology are listed here (Source: St. Louis Community College) ; a similar site on Ancient microbiological history is provided by Washington State Uni. An overview of the

29. Highlights In The History Of Microbiology Clinical Laboratory Technology. Highlights in the history of microbiology. Timeline; Contributions to http://www.stlcc.cc.mo.us/fp/users/_kkiser/History.page.html

Clinical Laboratory Technology Highlights in the History of Microbiology Timeline Contributions to: Microscopy Culture Methods ... Awards Timeline Observed "little animals" (Antony Leeuwenhoek) First scientific Small pox vaccination (Edward Jenner) Advocated washing hands to stop the spread of disease (Ignaz Semmelweis) Disproved spontaneous generation (Louis Pasteur) Supported Germ Theory of Disease (Louis Pasteur) Practiced antiseptic surgery (Joseph Lister) First proof of Germ Theory of Disease with B. anthracis discovery (Robert Koch) Growth of Bacteria on solid media (Robert Koch) Outlined Kochs postulates (Robert Koch) Developed acid-fast Stain (Paul Ehrlich) Developed Gram Stain (Christian Gram) First Rabies vaccination (Louis Pasteur) Invented Petri Dish (R.J. Petri) Discovered viruses (Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski) Recognized viral dependence on cells for reproduction (Martinus Beijerinck) Proved mosquitoes carried the yellow fever agent (Walter Reed) Discovered cure for syphilis (Paul Ehrlich) Discovered Penicillin (Alexander Fleming) Developed a method to sequence DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction invented (Kary Mullis) First microbial genomic sequence published H. influenzae

30. Scope And History Of Microbiology Click index to access site index. Click here to access text’s website. Vocabulary words are found below. (1) Chapter title Scope and history of microbiology. http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/black01.htm

Important words and concepts from Chapter 1, Black, 2002 by Stephen T. Abedon abedon.1@osu.edu ) for Micro 509 at the Ohio State University Course-external links are in brackets Click [ index ] to access site index Click here to access text’s website Vocabulary words are found below Chapter title : Scope and History of Microbiology (a) Throughout this course (i.e., these notes) I will be doing my best to supply you with links to supplemental material found on the World Wide Web (i) If you have additional interest in presented material or need additional exposure to concepts, consider following these links (on line, of course) (ii) I will regularly include Google searches that may be followed for abundant additional information on material—however, always keep in mind that your first, best reference will usually be your text book (iii) There also exists an index to this site called MicroPort that is found at http://www.phage.org/microbiology.htm or by pressing [ index ] throughout these notes (b) Studying tips: (i) Read over assigned material in your text before coming to lectures Read your text well so that, minimally, you have made an attempt at understanding the presented concepts

31. Microbiology Early history of microbiology. The Early Days, The science of microbiology started with the invention of the microscope. The English http://www.theguardians.com/Microbiology/gm_mbi02.htm

Early History of Microbiology The Early Days The science of microbiology started with the invention of the microscope. The English scientist Robert Hooke is credited with being the first person to use a microscope for academic study. That was in the early 1660's. In 1665 Hooke published his landmark book Micrographia , which described the microscopic world for the first time. Hooke studied plant sections, in particular cork and he drew what he saw, which was a matrix of tiny cylindrical-like structures he called cells . Later researchers saw such structures in all types of living organism and Hooke's naming remained. Today it is considered to be a foundation stone in the understanding of microbiology. (Left) A sketch of Hooke's microscope. (Right) No images of Hooke survive. Willen Church in Buckinghamshire, England, was designed by Robert Hooke who also discovered Hooke's Law and the Great Red Spot on the planet Jupiter. Meanwhile in continental Europe others, such as

32. Microbiology of Immunology. Highlights in the history of microbiology. 200 and beyond Confronting thr Microbe Menace. Extremophiles Eukaryotes http://www.theguardians.com/Microbiology/gm_mbl01.htm

Microbiology Links Go to publications list General Microbiology Foundation for Microbiology What is Microbiology? Cells Alive! Microbiology 101/102 ... Official Mad Cow Disease Home Page Prevention of Contamination Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences Ethics in Astrobiology Planetary Protection January 21, 2000: Influenza from Space? ... Space Daily: The Dilemma Of Influenza Space Station - General Space Settlement NASA Human Spaceflight Star Station One Mir: Living on Borrowed Time ... Working Aboard the Mir Space Station Space Station - Food The Shuttle's kitchen Eating and Drinking in space Food Poisoning Food preparation rules ... Food hygiene education Space Station - Waste housekeeping Water Microbiology from Washington State University Space Station - Systems National Biotechnology Information Facility Regenerative Life Support UMPQUA Research Company: Advanced Life Support Scientists grow heart tissue in Bioreactor ... Scientists grow heart tissue in Bioreactor Rainforest Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal Homepage Panama Canal Historical Collections - Yellow Fever and the Spanish-American War The Diptera (Flies) ... Globalisation, Development and the Spread of Disease

33. Tufts University, Department Of Molecular Biology & Microbiology Over the history of the Department, several excellent young scientists have directed The program renamed itself Molecular microbiology in 1994 to emphasize its http://www.tufts.edu/med/microbiology/history.html

Department History [Home] department our history department faculty ... about TUFTS In 1968, the name of the department was changed to Molecular Biology and Microbiology to distinguish our emphasis on molecular genetic approaches to microbial physiology from more traditional ways of thinking about the subject. At that time, molecular biology was still a new science that pertained almost exclusively to bacteria and viruses. Park resigned as Chair in 1970, turning over the governance of the department to Elio Schaechter. Two appointments in the next five years increased the faculty to a small, highly cohesive group of seven who interacted well with each other. We have managed to maintain this spirit even as the department has doubled in size. We have done so despite our stylistic differences by seeking consensus and working together for the common good. Several department members began to take an active interest in microbial virulence mechanisms, realizing that their expertise in microbial genetics would serve them well in this field. Thus, Malamy took on the anaerobic pathogen

34. Department Of Biology Offers majors in biology, botany, microbiology and zoology. Faculty, research, graduate and undergraduate programs, courses, calendar, history and seminars. http://www.bio.tamu.edu/

Department of Biology 3258 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-3258 979-845-7747 (phone) 979-845-2891 (fax) Welcome to the Department of Biology! The mission of the Department of Biology is to provide high quality education in biological sciences to our students, to advance the body of scientific knowledge through scholarly research, and to provide technical and educational expertise locally, nationally and internationally. This mission can only be achieved through the recruitment, retention and support of the highest quality faculty, staff and students. The Department of Biology plays a central role in the university by providing fundamental lecture and laboratory courses introducing biological principles to students majoring in agriculture, architecture, business, engineering, geosciences, liberal arts, science and veterinary medicine. We also provide modern and comprehensive B.S. and B.A. curricula in Biology, Botany, Cell and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Zoology for more than 1300 undergraduate majors. Our graduate programs prepare scientists for careers in academia, industry and government and play an essential role in enhancing an understanding of the central role of biological systems in the global environment. Our faculty also provide expertise outside the university in service on scientific advisory and editorial boards, in evaluation of scientific innovations and the importance of biological systems to society, and in helping Texas and the United States meet the challenges of the future.

35. A Brief History Of Microbiology Themes Science Life Sciences General Biology microbiology A Brief history of microbiology. Development of microscopy Aristotle http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Microbio

Themes Science Life Sciences General Biology ... Microbiology Development of microscopy: Aristotle (384-322) and others believed that living organisms could develop from non-living materials. Hans and Zacharias Janssen (Dutch lens grinders) mounted two lenses in a tube to produce the first compound microscope. Robert Hooke (1635-1703) published "Micrographia", containing drawings and detailed observations of biological materials made with the best compound microscope and illumination system of the time. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was the first person to observe microorganisms. Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe pioneered developments in microscopy (such as immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses which reduce chromatic aberration) which perist until the present day. Ernst Ruska constructed the first electron microscope. For a detailed description of the history of light microscopy, click here. Spontaneous generation controversy: Francesco Redi (1626-1678) was an Italian physician who refuted the idea of spontaneous generation by showing that rotting meat carefully kept from flies will not spontaneously produce maggots.

36. Biology Resources St. Lawrence. The Rhynie Chert and Its Flora. See also Physical Anthropology Human Origins Earth history. microbiology. General http://www.geocities.com/peterroberts.geo/biology.htm

Life Sciences General Biology Biochemistry Botany Medicine ... Physiology (including Cell Biology) Main Site Index Search Page General Reference Start Page General Biology General Images, Movies, Animations, etc. Biophysics Biotechnology ... History of Biology General Natural History Museums The Biology Project Virtual Library: Biosciences MIT's Biology Hypertextbook ... Ergito Biology Textooks Online Requires (free) Registration Beyond Bio 101: The Transformation of Undergraduate Biology Education BEN BioSciEdNet Science.bio.org news Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Symposia on Quantiative Biology Entrez The Life Sciences Search Engine BIOME Biology Links PubCrawler Online Medical Dictionary ... AcroMed Biomedical Acronyms Specialty Dictionaries: Biology Images, Movies, Animations, etc. BioImage LTSN Bioscience ImageBank BioMedia Associates QT and Flash to illustrate Biological Processes ... Biodic Worlds largest Ultrastructure images gallery online ARS Image Gallery Scanning Probe Microscopy See also: Scientific Imaging Biological Procedures Online BioVisa NIH Model Organisms for Biomedical Research ... Biolinux See also: Mathematics Homepage Artificial Life Zooland Visual Models of Morphogenesis See also: Biophysics Biophysics Textook OnLine See also: Biochemistry Biotechnology BioTech Biotechnology Southwest Biotechnology and Informatics Center Academic Info: Biotechnogy ... Biotech Rumor Mill History of Biology Profiles in Science BioMedical Scientists Papers of Sir Joseph Banks Lefalophodon An Informal History of Evolutionary Biology

37. UBC Library - MARION (2 titles); microbiology history. (5 titles); microbiology history. (8 titles); microbiology history. (2 titles); microbiology history 19th century. http://dra.library.ubc.ca/MARION/auth?fmt_limit=&lng_limit=&index=S&key=Microbio

38. Detailed Record ISBN 981238233X 9812382348 • Primary Language English • Document Type Book • Subject microbiology, history, 19th century., Microbiologists http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/bfc7d3a0d805f0f4a19afeb4da09e526.html

About WorldCat Help For Librarians Pioneers of microbiology and the Nobel prize Ulf Lagerkvist http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy041/2002033194.html Find libraries with the item Enter a postal code, state, province or country WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.

39. SFAM - History Of The Society For Applied Microbiology Office the Society has changed its name twice during its 72 year history. from Society for Applied Bacteriology to Society for Applied microbiology Until 1991 the http://www.sfam.org.uk/history.html

Welcome to the Society for Applied Microbiology online About the Society Join us! and discover the many benefits of membership Interest Groups - Join our Interest Groups and help shape the future of microbiology Society Office Latest News Location and map Committee - who we are and what we do Meetings - book online for Society meetings Founded in 1931 as the "Society for Agricultural Bacteriologists" , the Society has changed its name twice during its 72 year history. The last change occured in 1997 when over 96% of the membership voted in favour of a change of name from "Society for Applied Bacteriology" to "Society for Applied Microbiology" Until 1991 the Society was run entirely by volunteers. Even when permanent staff were first employed in 1991, the Society had no permanent home. Pollard Creativity 2003 Freetimers Internet Our own website was launched in March 1999 which made it possible to apply for membership, book meetings and much more with the click of a mouse! But late in 2002 it became clear that the mere provision of static content no longer met the needs of the Society or the membership and so the present interactive, database-driven website was officially launched in June 2003. It has exceeded the expectations of members and visitors alike and we feel confident it will continue to serve the needs of the Society in the coming years.

40. Microbiology - The Tools Of Microbiology Highlights in the history of microbiology Timeline of microbiology profiles on inventors related to microscopy, culture methods, germ theory of disease http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmicrobiology.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Inventors Home ... Industrial Revolution zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Famous Inventions Famous Inventors Black Inventors Women Inventors ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Inventors newsletter. Search Inventors Microbiology Highlights in the History of Microbiology Timeline of microbiology - profiles on inventors related to microscopy, culture methods, germ theory of disease, defense or control of microbes and molecular methods. Louis Pasteur The inventions of Louis Pasteur were based on fermentation and improved brewing - Pasteur invented pasteurization and discovered the germ theory of disease - one of the most important discoveries in medical history. Kary Banks Mullis Inventor of PCR, the process for amplifying nucleic acids. Microbiology Information and resources pertaining to microbiology. Microbiology Books (Compare Prices) Photographic Atlas for the Microbiology Laboratory Appleton and Lange Review of Microbiology and Immunology Basic Microbiology Techniques Related Information Microscope Medical Innovations Mary Bellis Subscribe to the Inventors Newsletter Name Email From Mary Bellis Your Guide to Inventors Sign up for my free Newsletter RATE THIS ARTICLE Would you recommend this article?

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