81. The Mexica / Aztecs They date the beginning of their history to 1168 and their origins to an island in the middle of a lake north of the Valley of mexico. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAMRCA/AZTECS.HTM

History Aztec , is a startlingly imprecise term to describe the culture that dominated the Valley of Mexico in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Properly speaking, all the Nahua-speaking peoples in the Valley of Mexico were Aztecs, while the culture that dominated the area was a tribe of the Mexica (pronounced "me-shee-ka") called the Tenochca ("te-noch-ka"). At the time of the European conquest, they called themselves either "Tenochca" or " Toltec ," which was the name assumed by the bearers of the Classic Mesoamerican culture. The earliest we know about the Mexica is that they migrated from the north into the Valley of Mexico as early as the twelfth century AD, well after the close of the Classic Period in Mesoamerica. They were a subject and abject people, forced to live on the worst lands in the valley. They adopted the cultural patterns (called Mixteca-Pueblo ) that originated in the culture of Toltec (which means "craftsman"), who continued Classic urban culture, and the Chichimec , or wild people, who settled Mesoamerica from the north. The Mexica were, then, originally Chichimec when they migrated into Mexico, but eventually became Toltecs proper. Tenochtitlan , or "place of the Tenochcas."

82. WAIS - World Affairs Report - The V Of Mexican History Back to Index. The V of Mexican history. Mexican history is shaped like aV one arm stretches northwest to the United States, the other northeast to Europe. http://wais.stanford.edu/Mexico/mexico_v.html

Back to Index The V of Mexican History Mexican history is shaped like a V: one arm stretches northwest to the United States, the other northeast to Europe. The V has several layers. The bottom point is pre-Colombian, revived in the celebrations this year of the 650th anniversary of the founding of Tenochtitlan and in a more spectacular way in the celebration of the coming of Spring. The most publicized of the many celebrations is at Teotihuacan, where half a million people are expected, and at El Tajín, just south of Poza Rica (Veracruz), where the festivities (which allegedly began over a thousand years ago) will last five days and five nights. The event has become commercialized, with strobe lights and all the trimmings. The second level in the colonial period. While much of northern Mexico is in the midst of a terrible drought, the peasants of Oaxaca are parading with banners of the Virgen de Guadalupe, asking God to stop the rains. Does Mexico have a master plan for irrigation? The third level is the US and NAFTA. PAN presidential candidate Vicente Fox has just visited Washington, where he addressed the Center for Strategic and International Studies. His theme was that Mexico will develop a two-party system like that of the US. Sure enough, the audience wanted to know about the price of Mexican oil, a question he sidestepped. So much for interest in Mexico as Mexico.

83. Ciudad De México.- City History the principal cradle of civilization in Mesoamerica, known by the generic name of Olmeca, actually developed around the tropical Gulf coast region of mexico. http://www.mexicocity.com.mx/history1.html

The Roots of the City (1500 B.C. - 1500 A.D.) Mask from Tlatilco Valley and Lake The central region of the Mexican high plateau has been inhabited for at least 20,000 years, as evidenced by the artifacts unearthed at Tlapacoya and Tepexpan, although the principal cradle of civilization in Mesoamerica, known by the generic name of Olmeca, actually developed around the tropical Gulf coast region of Mexico. Within the Valley of Mexico the remains found at Tlatilco, dated to between 1500 B.C. and 500 B.C., are of particular significance. It is likely that the figurines found at this spot were included in burial offerings. In general, they represent female figures of a common physical stereotype with rather realistic, delicate features. Zoomorphic vases, seals, and other figures of the Olmeca type have also been recovered here. It is believed that these objects were dedicated to a cult to the dead which existed during the pre-Hispanic era and which has endured in contemporary worship. Other groups gradually established settlements along the fertile shores of the lakes. They practiced an incipient form of agriculture and supplemented their diet with fish and small amphibians from the lake, and insects and mammals from the surrounding forests. Copilco, Tetelpan and Cuicuilco were some of the more notable ceremonial sites existing during the period from 500 B.C. to 100 A.D.. Cuicuilco, in particular, was distinguished by its circular pyramid which was eventually engulfed by the lava flows from the eruption of the Xitle volcano during the 1st Century A.D.

84. PHOTOS FROM SHD 2002 Guadalajara, Mexico - History Of Discoveries - Society Inte Photos of Annual Meeting 2002 in Guadalajara mexico (Photography by Sandy Bederman and and HTML Coding Copyright © The Society for the history of Discoveries http://www.sochistdisc.org/annual_meetings/annual_2002/annual_meeting_2002_photo

Summary, Program Kino speech Abstracts Post-meeting trip Meeting Photos Photos of Annual Meeting 2002 in Guadalajara Mexico (Photography by Sandy Bederman and John Docktor) Click on the small images to enlarge them, and then use the Back button of your browser to return to this page For Post-meeting trip photos, please click here SHD VP Richard Francaviglia Sec-Treasurer Sandy Bederman Local Organizer Mike Mathes Rodrigue Levesque at sessions Barbara McCorkle, Don Perkins and Lina del Castillo Levesque, del Castillo, McCorkle and William Carter TI Board Lunch Friday Banquet Dr. Padilla at Banquet John Parker, new SHD Fellow, with Sandy Bederman John Parker and daughters John Docktor chaired in Guadalajara Museum The Dome Latitude-Longitude JC Orozco Rotunda Church tour Guadalajara steeples Courtyard Guadalajara City Hall JC Orozco Mural Restroom entrance The Holzheimers For Post-meeting trip photos, please click here

85. PHOTOS FROM SHD 2002 POST MEETING TOUR IN MEXICO - History Of Discoveries - Soci Photos of the postmeeting trip to Copper Canyon, mexico. Material, Translations and HTML Coding Copyright © The Society for the history of Discoveries 1999 http://www.sochistdisc.org/annual_meetings/annual_2002/annual_meeting_2002_post_

Summary, Program Kino speech Abstracts Post-meeting trip ... Meeting Photos Photos of the post-meeting trip to Copper Canyon, Mexico. (Photography by John Docktor) Click on the small images to enlarge them, and then use the Back button of your browser to return to this page Rafting at El Fuerte Expedition Map El Fuerte rail station Canyon Railway curve Lunch at Cerocachui Climbing the trail The Hills Pots for sale Family Valley View Canyon Highbarger at work At canyon lookout Photo Opportunity Lunch grilling Lunch at rim Kids at play Only place to make a call The next trek Changing to train Basket vendor Canyon Canyon Posada Barrancas Mirador Baskets for sale At rim Canyon At awe Guide taking chances Making baskets Rail station Rail Route Map Needed rest Into the hills Into a tunnel Hairpin rail curve Red-hued hills Happy Travelers Awaiting the wine

86. IPv6 In Mexico - History A brief history of it By the Winter of 1992 the Internet community had developed four separate proposals for IPng. IPv6 in mexico. http://www.netlab.unam.mx/site/history.html

IPv6 History The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has produced a comprehensive set of specifications (RFC 1752, 1883, 1886, 1971, 1993, etc.) that define the next-generation IP protocol known as "IPng," or "IPv6." IPng is a new version of IP which is designed to be an evolutionary step from IPv4, and it represents the evolution of many different IETF proposals and working groups focused on developing an IPng. A brief history of it: - By the Winter of 1992 the Internet community had developed four separate proposals for IPng. These were "CNAT", "IP Encaps", "Nimrod", and "Simple CLNP". - By December 1992 three more proposals followed; "The P Internet Protocol" (PIP), "The Simple Internet Protocol" (SIP) and "TP/IX" - In the spring of 1992 the "Simple CLNP" evolved into "TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses" (TUBA) and "IP Encaps" evolved into "IP Address Encapsulation" (IPAE). - By the fall of 1993, IPAE merged with SIP while still maintaining the name SIP. This group later merged with PIP and the resulting working group called themselves "Simple Internet Protocol Plus" (SIPP). At about the same time the TP/IX Working Group changed its name to "Common Architecture for the Internet" (CATNIP).

87. Modern History Sourcebook: Aztec Account Of The Conquest Of Mexico Back to Modern history SourceBook. Modern history Sourcebook A Aztec Account of the Conquest of mexico. In 1519 Hernan Cortés sailed http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/aztecs1.html

Back to Modern History SourceBook Modern History Sourcebook: A Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico When Motecuhzoma [Montezuma] had given necklaces to each one, Cortés asked him: "Are you Motecuhzoma? Are you the king? Is it true that you are the king Motecuhzoma?" And the king said: "Yes, I am Motecuhzoma." Then he stood up to welcome Cortés; he came forward, bowed his head low and addressed him in these words: "Our lord, you are weary. The journey has tired you, but now you have arrived on the earth. You have come to your city, Mexico. You have come here to sit on your throne, to sit under its canopy. "The kings who have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it for your coming. The kings Itzcoatl, Motecuhzoma the Elder, Axayacatl, Tizoc and Ahuitzol ruled for you in the City of Mexico. The people were protected by their swords and sheltered by their shields. "Do the kings know the destiny of those they left behind, their posterity? If only they are watching! If only they can see what I see! "No, it is not a dream. I am not walking in my sleep. I am not seeing you in my dreams.... I have seen you at last! I have met you face to face! I was in agony for five days, for ten days, with my eyes fixed on the Region of the Mystery. And now you have come out of the clouds and mists to sit on your throne again.

88. IPL Kidspace: Stately Knowledge Factual summary and some resources from the Internet Public Library. http://www.ipl.org/youth/stateknow/nm1.html

This collection All of the IPL Advanced You are here: Home KidSpace Stately Knowledge About the IPL ... Contact Us KidSpace Features Ask a Question Culture Quest Learning HTML Orca Search ... Story Hour KidSpace Subject Collections Reference The World Computers/Internet Reading Zone ... Fun Stuff New Mexico Just the Facts: Capital: Santa Fe Population: Governor: Bill Richardson (D, to January 2007) Entered the Union: January 6, 1912 As the: 47th state Motto: Crescit Eundo (It Grows As It Goes) Nickname: Land of Enchantment Flower: Yucca Bird: Roadrunner Song: O Fair New Mexico and Asi es Nuevo Mexico Sports Teams: None Origin of Name: From the country of Mexico Major Industries: Energy, nuclear, soloar and geothermal research and development; uranium and potasium salts, food products, chemicals, transportation equipment, lumber, and stone, clay and glass products; livestock, cotton, and pecans Historical Sites: Fort Union, Billy the Kid momentos in Lincoln, and the Chaco Culture National Historic Park Points of Interest: Carlsbad Caverns National Park, Inscription Rock at El Morro National Monument, and the White Sands and Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monuments Bordering States: Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Utah, and Arizona

89. Welcome To Nmsantos.com Focuses on Hispanic art/culture of American Southwest, a quarterly magazine, books, a travelling art exhibit, and a free artist database. http://nmsantos.com

90. Turquoise Trail Association New Mexico Enchantment USA The scenic and historic Turquoise Trail encompasses 15,000 square miles in the heart of central New mexico, linking Albuquerque and Santa Fe. http://www.turquoisetrail.org/

Back roads often lead to great discoveries... Venture off the freeway and onto the Turquoise Trail National Scenic Byway, and you'll see what we mean. The Scenic and Historic Area encompasses 15,000 square miles in the heart of central New Mexico, linking Albuquerque and Santa Fe. Enjoy a breathtaking view from atop Sandia Crest, then drive back into history through the mining towns of Golden, Madrid, and Cerrillos, now coming alive with art, crafts, theater, music, museums, and restaurants. home contact us links Artwork at top of page from a painting by David Bradley Website artwork and design by Megan Ward Advertising Website development by Valtelhas Productions

91. CNN.com - World - Brashness Fueled Fox's Political Rise In Mexico - July 2, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/07/02/fox.profile/index.html

world americas Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Brashness fueled Fox's political rise in Mexico July 2, 2000

92. CNN.com - Mexico's New President Orders Troop Pullback In Chiapas - December 1, CNN http://cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/12/01/mexico.fox.04/index.html

world americas Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Mexico's new president orders troop pullback in Chiapas WEB EXCLUSIVE Harris Whitbeck looks at the groundbreaking first day of Mexico's new president Move comes hours after inauguration In this story: 'A new dawn' Attorney general is corruption foe The end of an era RELATED STORIES, SITES

93. Mexico: Splendors Of Thirty Centuries Ignatius Loyola, 1534. Manila Acapulco trade route established, 1565. Jesuits arrive in mexico, 1572. Independence won, 1821. mexico becomes a republic, 1824. http://www.humanities-interactive.org/splendors/timeline.htm

Pre-Columbian Timeline BC BC AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD La Venta (Olmec) c. 1000-600 BC Izapa 300 BC-100 AD 150-750 AD 200-750 AD Palenque (Maya) 650-800 AD 600- 1100 AD 800- 1200 AD 1325- 1521 AD Pre-Columbian Timeline BC BC AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD Viceregal Timeline AD AD AD AD AD AD AD The Encounter: The Conquest First three Franciscan friars come to New Spain Twelve Franciscan missionaries join them Founding of jesuit Order by St. Ignatius Loyola Manila - Acapulco trade route established Jesuits arrive in Mexico Jesuits expelled from Spain and New Spain Founding of Academy of San Carlos Viceregal Timeline AD AD AD AD AD AD AD 19th Century Timeline AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD Struggle for independence begins Independence won Mexico becomes a republic War with United States Liberal government under Juarez begins reform period French occupy Mexico City Maximilian of Austria Emperor of Mexico Maximilian is executed and Jurez regains power Porfirio Diaz rules as dictator 19th Century Timeline AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD 20th Century Timeline AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD Mexican Revolution overthrows Diaz Revolutionary Constitution adopted Revolutionary social and economic reforms, including land distribution

94. CNN.com - Day Of The Dead Celebrations Enliven Mexico's Cemeteries - November 1, CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/11/01/mexico.dayofthedead.ap/index.html

world americas Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Day of the Dead celebrations enliven Mexico's cemeteries MEXICO CITY (AP) Mexicans left the glitzy costume parties of Halloween behind on Wednesday and turned to the centuries-old tradition of marking Dia de Los Muertos the Day of the Dead.

95. Once Upon A Time In Mexico - Greg's Preview - Yahoo! Movies Cast, news, rumors and preview thoughts. http://www.upcomingmovies.com/onceuponatimeinmexico.html

Movies DVD / Video My Movies Search: Entire movie database Movie titles only Cast/crew only DVD/Video titles only Greg's Previews only Movie Mom's Reviews only for Movies Home In Theaters Coming Soon Greg's Previews ... Box Office Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003) Movie Main Page DVD/Video Info Critics Reviews User Reviews ... Movie Mom's Review Greg's Preview Premiere Photos Production Photos Message Board Cast and Credits ... Web Sites Movie Lists This movie appears on these lists Movies I Own by Johnny Depp by Movies I Want to See by lynchsarah Cool Movies! by by Add to My Movies Official Site Sony Pictures Email this page to a friend Release Date: September 12th, 2003 (wide) Release Date Notes: (8/12/02) This had originally been mentioned as a possible March, 2002 release, then September, 2002, and now, March 21st, 2003. (11/12/02) Sony has bumped this back a week to March 28th to make room for Identity on the 21st. (11/15/02) Sony has decided to push this film back several months until sometime in the fall of 2003, over two years after filming wrapped. (1/16/03) The new release date is 9/12/03. World Premiere: Early September, 2003 (Venice International Film Festival, out of competition)

96. CNN.com - Thousands March In Mexico City, Remembering 1968 Massacre - October 2, CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/10/02/mexico.massacre.ap/index.html

world americas Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Thousands march in Mexico City, remembering 1968 massacre

97. Mexico's President Says Some Troops To Remain In Chiapas CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/01/02/mexico.chiapas.ap/index.html

98. Mexico Art And Travel Folk art, Mata Ortiz pottery, travel and destination information. http://mexicoart.tripod.com/

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99. ABQjournal: New Mexico Gateway New mexico links provided by the Albuquerque Journal. http://www.abqjournal.com/gateway/

Lost? Find your way around ABQjournal with the help of our site index. TOP

100. CNN.com - Mexico's Fox To Ask For End Of U.S. Certification In Drug Fight - Augu CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/08/01/mexico.fox.ap/index.html

world americas Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Mexico's Fox to ask for end of U.S. certification in drug fight

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