41. Burkina Faso Meningitis Toll Mounts, 567 Dead CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/03/16/health.burkina.meningitis.reut/index.html

42. WHO: Meningococcal Disease Meningococcal disease. Successful preparation for this year s meningitis season 19 December 2003. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/meningococcal/en/

English Search Home Countries Health topics ... Media Centre Location: WHO WHO sites CSR Home Diseases Meningococcal disease Meningococcal disease Successful preparation for this year's meningitis season 19 December 2003 Impact of the problem International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Vaccine Provision W135 strain of the disease Country support ... Epidemiological information Meningococcal disease, also referred to as cerebrospinal meningitis is a contagious bacterial disease caused by the meningococcus ( Neisseria meningitidis ). It is spread by person-to-person contact through respiratory droplets of infected people. There are 3 main clinical forms of the disease: the meningeal syndrome, the septic form and pneumonia. The onset of symptoms is sudden and death can follow within hours. In as many as 10-15% of survivors, there are persistent neurological defects, including hearing loss, speech disorders, loss of limbs, mental retardation and paralysis. N. meningitidis inhabits the mucosal membrane of the nose and throat, where it usually causes no harm. Up to 5-10% of a population may be asymptomatic carriers. These carriers are crucial to the spread of the disease as most cases are acquired through exposure to asymptomatic carriers. Waning immunity among the population against a particular strain favours epidemics, as do overcrowding and climatic conditions such as dry seasons or prolonged drought and dust storms. Smoking, mucosal lesions and concomitant respiratory infections are considered risk factors that may contribute to the development of the disease. The disease mainly affects young children, but is also common in older children and young adults.

43. Angola Briefing Note The main public health threat is epidemics, particularly malaria, diarrhea disease and meningitis; and malnutrition is a longterm consequence of food shortfall. http://www.who.int/eha/emergenc/angola/031198.htm

Health Topics Search Dept of Health Action in Crises Health Action in Crises What's New Humanitarian Links Donor Relations FAQs ... Contact HAC Health Intelligence Find out what is happening, in what context, and where. Click here for documents relating to specific countries or areas of countries: Afghanistan Albania Angola Benin Bosnia-Herzegovina Botswana Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad China Colombia Congo D.R. Congo Rep. Of Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Djibouti Dominican Republic Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti India Indonesia Indonesia (Maluku) Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kenya Korea DPR Kosovo Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Nigeria Pakistan Russian Federation Rwanda Serbia and Montenegro Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Swaziland Syria Tajikistan Tanzania Timor Leste Togo Turkey Uganda Uzbekistan Venezuela W Timor West Bank/Gaza Yugoslavia FR Zambia Zimbabwe Specific Emergency Situations: Afghanistan Humanitarian Crisis Angola Humanitarian Crisis Balkans Humanitarian Crisis Goma / Mt Nyiragongo Eruption ... Turkey Quake 2003 Sudan humanitarian crisis Media Fact Sheet: Darfur Measles Immunization Supplementation (WHO) - June 7, 2004

44. EMedicine - West Nile Encephalitis : Article By Burke A Cunha, MD Infectious disease expert reviews clinical and laboratory data associated with the West Nile virus infection. Includes guidelines on diagnosis, encephalitis and meningitis treatment, and patient care. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3160.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Infectious Diseases West Nile Encephalitis Last Updated: October 3, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: WNE, West Nile virus, viral encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, WEE, eastern equine encephalitis, EEE, Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan encephalitis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Burke A Cunha, MD , Professor of Medicine, State University of New York School of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Vice-Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital Burke A Cunha, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians American College of Physicians , and Infectious Diseases Society of America Editor(s): Wesley W Emmons, MD, FACP

45. Meningitis meningitis is one of those words you sometimes hear on the news. That s because meningitis is a serious illness and can make someone very sick. http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/brain/meningitis.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Meningitis is one of those words you sometimes hear on the news, such as when adults say there was a case of meningitis at a school. That's because meningitis is a serious illness that can make someone very sick. But many people do get better after they have meningitis. Read on to find out more about this illness. What Is Meningitis? The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) is surrounded by cerebrospinal (say: seh-ree-broh- spy -nel) fluid . This fluid acts to cushion and protect the central nervous system when you move around. Even more protection is given by the meninges (say: meh- nin -jeez), which are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis (say: meh-nen- ji -tes) is a disease involving inflammation, or irritation, of the meninges and spinal cord. Meningitis is rare, and you may never know anyone who gets it. There are different kinds of meningitis, but most of the time it is caused by germs that cause infections, like bacteria and viruses. Meningitis caused by viruses is much more common than meningitis caused by bacteria. The scary thing about meningitis is that it can permanently affect someone's ability to think and learn and may cause hearing loss. But the good news is that many people recover from the infection.

46. Prevnar, A Vaccine For Infants, Prevents Certain Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases. Information about Prevnar, a vaccine for infants and toddlers that helps prevent invasive diseases caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause bacterial meningitis, blood infections, and other invasive diseases. From WyethAyerst Laboratories. http://www.prevnar.com

Click here to enter Click here to enter Click here Click here Click here The contents of this Web site are intended for access and use by residents of the United States. Philadelphia, PA 19101 May 2003 / 103460-01

47. Bacterial Meningitis Facts Bacterial meningitis. What is bacterial meningitis? meningitis is an infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/Bacmeningitis.html

Bacterial Meningitis Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. Bacterial meningitis is most commonly caused by one of three types of bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis , and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The bacteria are spread by direct close contact with the discharges from the nose or throat of an infected person. Bacterial meningitis can be treated with antibiotics. Prevention depends on use of vaccines, rapid diagnosis, and prompt treatment of close personal contacts. What is bacterial meningitis? Meningitis is an infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. Meningitis is usually caused by an infection with a virus or a bacterium. Knowing whether meningitis is caused by a virus or a bacterium is important because of differences in the seriousness of the illness and the treatment needed. VIRAL MENINGITIS is usually relatively mild. It clears up within a week or two without specific treatment. Viral meningitis is also called aseptic meningitis. BACTERIAL MENINGITIS is much more serious. It can cause severe disease that can result in brain damage and even death.

48. CNN.com - Parents Demand Answers After 3 Meningitis Deaths In Detroit - October CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/US/10/10/meningitisdeaths.ap/index.html

U.S. News Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web U.S. TOP STORIES California braced for weekend of power scrounging Court order averts strike against Union Pacific railroad U.S. warning at Davos forum Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Davos protesters confront police California readies for weekend of power scrounging Capriati upsets Hingis to win Australian Open ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Parents demand answers after 3 meningitis deaths in Detroit EASTPOINTE, Michigan (AP) Chad Stoll plans to skip classes for at least a day because he's worried about catching bacterial meningitis following a schoolmate's death.

49. CNN.com - Niger's Meningitis Deaths This Year Top 1,000 - September 14, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/09/14/niger.meningitis.reut/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Niger's meningitis deaths this year top 1,000 NIAMEY, Niger (Reuters) Meningitis has killed 1,007 people in Niger so far this year, although officials said the epidemic an annual occurrence was now drawing to a close. Figures released by the Central African country's catastrophe management unit showed 13,900 cases of the disease were recorded in the first 34 weeks of the year, largely in the west of the country, including the capital Niamey, which was one of the hardest hit areas.

50. Hirnhautentzündung (Meningitis) Allgemein Translate this page meningitis ist eine Entzündung der Hirnhäute (Meningen). Bakterien oder Viren sind die häufigsten Verursacher der meningitis. Was ist eine meningitis? http://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/fakta/meningitis.htm

Suche in NetDoktor NetDoktor.de Startseite Aktuell Nachrichten Features Newsletter Lexikon Krankheiten Symptome Untersuchungen Eingriffe ... Medikamente Themen Asthma Erektile Dysfunktion Herz Neurodermitis ... Alle Themen Service Experten-Rat Teste Dich Selbst Quiz Diskussion ... Selbsthilfe Information Kontakt Impressum NetDoctor.com Manfred Schneider , Arzt Was ist eine Meningitis? Bakterien oder Viren Enzephalitis ). Der Arzt spricht dann von Meningoenzephalitis. Immunsystem haben ein besonders hohes Risiko, an einer Meningitis zu erkranken. Wie entsteht eine Meningitis? oder eine bakterielle Meningitis bekommen. Meningokokken sind ein normaler Bestandteil des Nasenrachenraumes. Dort richten sie aber keinen Schaden an. Mumps FSME Welche Symptome treten auf? Kopfschmerzen , hohes Fieber , Erbrechen und Lichtscheu. Selten treten Benommenheit bis hin zum Koma auf. Antibiotika behandelt werden. Wie stellt der Arzt die Diagnose? Lumbalpunktion Liquordiagnostik Blutprobe Die bakterielle Meningitis wird mit Antibiotika Wie ist die Prognose? Quellen Robert Koch-Institut Redaktion Dr. med. Katharina Larisch

51. Viral Meningitis Facts Viral meningitis. What is viral meningitis? meningitis is an infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/vmenin.html

Viral Meningitis Viral meningitis is caused by any of a number of different viruses, many of which are associated with other diseases. Mosquito-borne viruses can also cause viral meningitis. There is no specific treatment for viral meningitis. The illness is usually mild and clears up in about a week. Prevention centers on washing hands thoroughly and often and avoiding mosquito bites. What is viral meningitis? Meningitis is an infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. Meningitis is usually caused by an infection with a virus or a bacterium. Knowing whether meningitis is caused by a virus or a bacterium is important because of differences in the seriousness of the illness and the treatment needed. bacterial meningitis is very serious. Severe bacterial meningitis can result in brain damage and even death. Viral meningitis is usually relatively mild. It clears up in a week or two without specific treatment. Viral meningitis is also called aseptic meningitis. What viruses cause viral meningitis?

52. CNN - Dorm Residents Risk Bacterial Meningitis - May 25, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9905/25/college.meningitis/index.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page Dorm residents risk bacterial meningitis May 25, 1999 Web posted at: 4:15 p.m. EDT (1944 GMT) (CNN) College students who live on campus are three times more likely than those who live off campus to contract a specific type of bacterial meningitis, according to a study in this week's Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The study evaluated cases of meningococcal infection, a major cause of bacterial meningitis, at colleges in Maryland from January 1992 through December 1997. In the five-year period, 14 students developed the meningococcal infection. One-third died from it. Although meningitis is rare, it seems to be increasing in this age group.

53. CNN.com - US - Michigan Health Authorities Seek Rave Party Attendees Exposed To CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/US/08/24/rave.meningitis/index.html

U.S. News Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web U.S. TOP STORIES California braced for weekend of power scrounging Court order averts strike against Union Pacific railroad U.S. warning at Davos forum Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Davos protesters confront police California readies for weekend of power scrounging Capriati upsets Hingis to win Australian Open ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Michigan health authorities seek rave party attendees exposed to meningitis LANSING, Michigan (CNN) Michigan health authorities Thursday sought as many as 1,000 people who attended a "rave party" last weekend and sucked on an Ecstasy-soaked pacifier that may have been exposed to a potentially fatal strain of meningitis.

54. Meningokokken Meningitis Translate this page Meningokokken- meningitis. (meningitis epidemica, eitrige Gehirhautentzündung). Erreger Meningokokken, dh gramneg. Bakterien (Neisseria meningitidis). http://www.reisemed.at/meningokokken.html

Meningokokken- Meningitis (Meningitis epidemica, eitrige Gehirhautentzündung) Erreger: Meningokokken, d. h. gramneg. Bakterien (Neisseria meningitidis). Infektionsquelle: Gesunde Bakterienträger, die die Keime im Nasen-Rachenraum beherbergen, Erkrankte. Übertragung: Tröpfcheninfektion (d. h. Husten und Niesen). Inkubationszeit: 2 bis 10 Tage. Krankheitsbild: Die Erkrankung beginnt mit uncharakteristischen Allgemeinbeschwerden, dann treten zunehmende, schwer behandelbare Kopfschmerzen, Übelkeit, Erbrechen, hohes Fieber, Nackensteife und Bewusstseinsstörungen bis zur Bewusstlosigkeit auf. Zusätzlich besteht bei schweren Verläufen meist auch ein Hautausschlag. Der Erkrankungsbeginn kann dramatisch sein und innerhalb weniger Stunden zur Bewusstlosigkeit führen. In schwersten Fällen der Meningokokken-Erkrankung kann es innerhalb weniger Stunden zum Tod durch Herz-Kreislaufversagen bei massivsten Blutgerinnungsstörungen kommen (Waterhouse-Friderichsen-Syndrom). Diagnose: Die Diagnose wird durch die Lumbalpunktion (Kreuzstich) gestellt. Einerseits findet man die massiv entzündlich veränderte Rückenmarksflüssigkeit, andererseits kann man direkt durch entsprechende Färbemaßnahmen die Erreger nachweisen. Außerdem kann der Erreger auch in der Kultur nachgewiesen werden.

55. U.S. Panel Backs New Meningitis Vaccine For Children CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/children/06/22/meningitis.vaccination.reut/index.

56. Meningitis Trust Curriculum Online. Approved Content Provider for the National Grid for Learning © 2003 meningitis Trust Ltd. http://www.meningitis-learning.org/

Approved Content Provider for the National Grid for Learning © 2003 Meningitis Trust Ltd

57. El Al Passenger, 20, Dies Of Meningitis CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/US/06/24/health.meningitis.reut/index.html

58. MENINGITIS Website meningitis Hersenvliesontsteking van de administratie Gezondheidszorg van het ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap. Vlaamse overheid. http://www.wvc.vlaanderen.be/meningitis/

NIEUW Meningitis C voor de helft teruggedrongen dankzij vaccinatie Vaccinatiecampagne Ministerieel besluit dd. 20/3/2003 tot bepaling van het vaccinatieschema ten behoeve van de Centra voor Leerlingenbegeleiding

59. Meningitis (cerebrospinal Meningitis) The very mention of meningitis strikes fear into the heart of most parents in the UK. meningitis (cerebrospinal meningitis). Written by Dr Gillian Rice, GP. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/meningitis.htm

NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Examinations Medicines Premium services SMS services StayQuit thediet Health centres Allergy and asthma Children's health Depression Eczema ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital Search Medline Test yourself Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com Meningitis (cerebrospinal meningitis) Dr Gillian Rice , GP What is meningitis? If a glass tumbler is pressed firmly against a septicaemic rash, the rash will not fade and will show through the glass. If this happens, call a doctor immediately. The very mention of meningitis strikes fear into the heart of most parents in the UK. Such fears are understandable because meningitis is an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord and can be a very serious illness. Although most people recover from the disease, some are left deaf or blind, and in others it may prove fatal. One of the biggest problems with meningitis is that it can develop very quickly. A child (or adult) can seem perfectly well and then, just a few hours later, be extremely ill with the disease. Another problem is that the symptoms can be difficult to distinguish from other, less serious infections.

60. BACTERIAL MENINGITIS Responde preguntas frecuentes de los padres sobre la enfermedad. http://www.hearne.k12.tx.us/health/gov010823span.htm

MENINGITIS BACTERIANA ¿Qué es la meningitis? La meningitis es una inflamación de las membranas que recubren el cerebro y la médula espinal -conocidas como las meninges. Puede ser causada por virus, parásitos, hongos y bacterias. La meningitis viral (aséptica) es común y la mayoría de la gente logra recuperarse por completo. El tratamiento médico de la meningitis viral consiste en tratamiento de apoyo y generalmente no se indica el uso de antibióticos. Las meningitis parasitaria o las causadas por hongos son poco frecuentes. La meningitis bacteriana es muy grave y puede requerir de complicados tratamientos médicos, quirúrgicos, farmacéuticos y de equipos para mantener las funciones vitales. Hay dos tipos comunes de bacterias que causan la meningitis: Strep pneumoniae causa la meningitis por neumococos; hay más de 80 subtipos que causan enfermedades. Neisseria meningitidis —causa la meningitis por meningococo; hay 5 subtipos que causan enfermedades graves—A, B, C, Y, W-135 ¿Cuáles son los síntomas?

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