81. Lab 3 - Mendelian Genetics Lab 3 mendelian genetics. This is the concept behind testing real examplesof genetic crosses against the predicted Mendelian ratios. http://web.grinnell.edu/individuals/brownj/edu/136_lab3.html

Lab 3 Mendelian Genetics I. Mendelian ratios, inheritance models, and probabilities Do problems 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 16 from your text (pp. 259-261). We encourage you to do this before lab. (There's another set of textbook problems under III below.) II. Statistical tests of genetic models in maize When Mendel crossed peas, he found phenotypic ratios remarkably close to those predicted by his model of inheritance. However, remember that the laws of heredity (a genetic model) predict the probabilities exactly to the probabilities predicted by a model. Intuitively, we know that sample size affects how closely actual numbers correspond to probabilities predicted by some model. For example, flipping a silver dollar 10 times and having ‘Heads’ comes up 7 times would not be surprising. On the other hand, flipping the coin 100 times with 70 instances of "Heads" might lead one to suspect that the coin is not "fair." What we need is a test to determine how much deviation to expect (and allow) from the predicted ratio of 1:1. Imagine flipping a fair coin 100 times and writing down the number of "Heads," and repeating the process over and over. This would make it possible to determine an expected range of variation in number of "Heads." If, say, in 95% of the tests the number of "Heads" falls between 40 and 60, then finding 70 "Heads" out of 100 flips would lead one to reject the "fair coin" hypothesis for the silver dollar. The test most often used in biology when you have categorical data like this is called the

82. Mendelian Genetics Learning Center http//gslc.genetics.utah.edu/; MendelWeb Has simulations andreferences for mendelian genetics including links to Mendel s original paper. http://staff.jccc.net/pdecell/bio205/webct/mendelian.html

Biology 205 Principles of Segregation/Independent Assortment Chapter 10 VBS Home page Genetics Home Page Previous Page, Next Page I. Gregor Mendel A. Discuss the importance of Mendel Clear distinction between phenotype and genotype Derived his principles without knowledge of chromosomes Use of mathematics/quantitative methods B. Give examples of Mendel's traits in peas C. Describe Mendel's experimental design D. Define the vocabulary related to Mendel's work True Breeding Parental Generation Hybrid F1, F2(First and Second Filial Generations) II. Principle of Segregation A. Outline the procedure for the Monohybrid Cross B. Explain how to set up a test Cross C. State the principle of segregation and Mendel's conclusions Factors controlling traits are inherited as indivisible units Factors controlling traits remained unchanged from parent to offspring These factors occur in pairs in each parent Traits can be either dominant or recessive; that is expressed in the F1 or not When gametes formed each gamete gets one of each factor but not both: principle of segregation D. Define the following concepts:

83. Educational Activities - Product - Biology Concepts: Genetics -- Mendelian Genet Biology Concepts Genetics mendelian genetics, Modern Genetics, Applied Geneticsby Harvey D. Goodman This set of three instructive and interactive videos http://www.edact.com/product.cfm?p_id=373&path=-1

84. Mendelian Genetics For Biology 241 Fall 1999 information was thought to be inseparable 2. Mendel showed that blending theory was wrong B. 1860 s 1. Gregor Mendel studies genetics of peas 2. Mendel chose http://bio.winona.msus.edu/berg/241f99/Lec-note/Mendel.htm

Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea I. Introduction A. 1800 > 1860 1. "blending theory" of inheritance a. both male and females contributed b. contributions "blended" upon fertilization c. once blended, genetic information was thought to be inseparable 2. Mendel showed that "blending theory" was wrong B. 1860's 1. Gregor Mendel studies genetics of peas 2. Mendel chose an excellent system "right" traits (1) pod color (2) stem length (3) seed shape (4) seed coat color (5) pod shape (6) seed color (7) flower position (8) each trait due to single gene (9) each gene on separate chromosome (10) only two forms of each trait d. started experiments with "true-breeding" strains e. some definitions: (1) true-breeding strain = strain (variety) which, when self-fertilized, only produces offspring with the given trait -are homozygous for the trait (2)

85. Chapter 9 mendelian genetics. Introduction Quantifying patterns of inheritance.People (to summary). Summary of basic mendelian genetics. Mendel s http://niko.unl.edu/bs101/notes/lecture9.html

Lecture Summary Introduction: Quantifying patterns of inheritance. Mendel's rules of inheritance, and the patterns revealed by counting Some complications: Chromosomal mechanics explain Mendel's principles. ... Changes in Chromosome number Mendelian Genetics Introduction: Quantifying patterns of inheritance. People have been breeding economically important species for many generations. General Observation: some of the external characteristics of organisms "breed true" while others don't: e.g. gray-coat X gray coat mice typically produces gray-coat offspring. The key to understanding these patterns is counting. This was first fully appreciated by a Czech Monk named Gregor Mendel (in about 1866). (to summary) Mendel's rules of inheritance, and the patterns revealed by counting Mendel studied peas. He focused on flower color (purple or white, flower position (axial or terminal), seed color (yellow or green), seed shape (round or wrinkled). He was able to control parentage by emasculating pea flowers, and painting the maternal stigma with pollen, and bagging flowers (techniques plant breeders still use). Example: Purple flowers X White -> all purple offspring. (F1)

86. Mendelian Genetics Simplified Mendelian genetic inheritance simplified for a single gene trait. Home Up A Perspective on Dog Breeding mendelian genetics Simplified . http://www.longhairedwhippet.com/mendelian_genetics_simplified.htm

Claybrook Farm Mendelian genetic inheritance simplified for a single gene trait. Genetics is incredibly complicated microbiology, and this is an extremely oversimplified introduction to very basic genetic concepts. Please keep that in mind as you read through this page. Many people have dedicated their entire careers to the study of genetics, and much is being learned on a daily basis in the continuing field of genetic research. Genes, the unit of heredity in cells, are inherited from one's parents. They are made up of pairs of alleles in the individual. One gene allele is inherited from the mother (via the egg), and the other one from the father (via the sperm). Capital letters usually indicate a dominant gene allele, or one that is "stronger". Only one dominant allele of a gene pair needs to be present for that allele to be expressed (be evident). Dominant alleles mask, or hide, the recessive ("weaker") allele. The recessive allele must be inherited from both parents in order to be expressed. In other words they must be present as a pair to be shown.

87. Qualitative Traits, Mendelian Genetics 1.5 Qualitative traits, mendelian genetics. Preceding pages. Qualitative traitsare characterized by segregation in the classical Mendelian ratios. http://www.kursus.kvl.dk/shares/vetgen/_Popgen/genetics/1/5.htm

1.5 Qualitative traits, Mendelian genetics Preceding pages Qualitative traits are characterized by segregation in the classical Mendelian ratios. An example of this is the coat colour gene in the Labrador Retriever which can occur either as black or as yellow. The yellow colour is recessive and the black is dominant. When a gene for yellow coat colour is mentioned it points at both a locus and an allele. One can also talk about an Albumin locus, even the phenotypes cannot be seen directly. But as will be shown in the next chapter, polymorphism in the locus can be assigned by means of electroforeses of serum samples separating the two albumin alleles. The word 'gene' should not be used for DNA polymorphism with more alleles in non-coding sequence. Instead it should be called a locus with more alleles. There is not always a sharp separation between gene and locus or between gene and allele in practice, therefore when gene frequency is mentioned in the next chapter, it will mean both proper genes as well as alleles in non-coding DNA sequences (loci). Figure 1.8 Segregation of genetic variation (mikrosatellite) in a locus in a swine family detected by gel electroforese of a PCR product. The boar Cup carries the alleles 209 and 195 and sow 400 carries the alleles 199 and 195 segregating in the offspring.

88. Mendelian Genetics In Populations I: Selection And Mutation http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_freeman_evol_3/0,8018,849137-,00.html

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89. Sample Unit Sheet Unit 7 mendelian genetics. NAME PER _ TOTAL PTS _. 1.Listen to the lecture on mendelian genetics and take notes. (5 pts). http://www.help4teachers.com/mendeliangenetics.htm

Main Menu of Sample Unit Sheets Craig Whitmore, Delano High School, California Unit 7 Mendelian Genetics Grading Scale: 42=D 57=C 75=B 90=A Section I. 65 points max. Must get 50 pts here to move to Section II. 1. Listen to the lecture on Mendelian Genetics and take notes. (5 pts) 2. Fill in the worksheet on “Mendelian Genetics”. (5 pts) 3. Draw an illustration of Mendel’s work, using a trait from Figure 3 (p. 73) and following the illustration in Figure 2 (p. 72). (5 pts) 4. Fill in the CLOZE passage for this section. (5 pts) 5. Make flashcards for Vocabulary #7. (5 pts) 7. Watch video called “We are All Heirs” and fill in questions. (5 pts) 8. Make up a 10 question quiz w/answers about “Mendelian Genetics”. (5 pts) 9. Make a PowerPoint presentation about “Mendel’s Contribution to Genetics” (at least 5 slides). (10 pts) 10. Fill in the Internet assignment called “Mendelian Genetics”. (10 pts) 11. Conduct the “Skills Lab” on pages 76-77 with the class. Answer questions 1-2. (10 pts) 12. Make a crossword puzzle using at least 10 vocabulary words from Unit 7. (10 pts)

90. LECTURE 11- HEREDITY AND MEIOSIS mendelian genetics from the Biology Hypertextbook A thorough discussion of basicmendelian inheritance, solving simple genetics problems including pedigree http://www.life.uiuc.edu/bio100/Link_page/heredity.htm

LECTURE 11- HEREDITY AND MEIOSIS Overview Meiosis Tutorial from The Biology Project at Univerity of Arizona. A step by step introduction of meiosis with both simple text descriptions and graphical displays. Mendelian Genetics from the Biology Hypertextbook- A thorough discussion of basic mendelian inheritance, solving simple genetics problems including pedigree analysis and linkage maps. Feline Genetics - A no frills web site that provides a good review of meiosis and Mendelian Genetics and then a detailed description of cat characteristics and the genetics behind them. Includes feline karyotypes and chromosomal abnormalities that result in the stunning variety of special cat breeds that we see today. The Virtual Flylab - An educational application for learning the principles of genetic inheritance. You design matings between female and male fruit flies carrying one or more genetic mutations. The program shows the results of your mating and then you interpret the results based on the ërulesí of Mendelian inheritance. A great interactive way to learn genetics. MendelWeb is an educational resource for teachers and students interested in the origins of classical genetics, introductory data analysis, elementary plant science, and the history and literature of science.

91. OMIM - PSORIASIS SUSCEPTIBILITY References to psoriasis in genetics research, including genome data, from the Online mendelian Inheritance in Man project. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=177900

92. Monohybrid Cross Problem Set Monohybrid Cross Problem Set. genetics is the study of heredity and variation inorganisms. We begin with a study of the monohybrid cross, invented by Mendel. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/problem_sets/monohybrid_cross/

Monohybrid Cross Problem Set Genetics is the study of heredity and variation in organisms. We begin with a study of the monohybrid cross, invented by Mendel. In a monohybrid cross, organisms differing in only one trait are crossed. Our objective is to understand the principles that govern inheritance in plants and animals, including humans, by solving problems related to the monohybrid cross. Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. The monohybrid cross Mendel's first law Mendel's "Experiment 1" A cross of F1-hybrid plants ... The Biology Project University of Arizona Thursday, October 1, 1998 Contact the Development Team http://www.biology.arizona.edu

93. Redirect Database and catalog of human genes and genetic disorders containing textual information, pictures, and reference information. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim

If you are not redirected automatically, please click here

94. Basic Principles Of Genetics: Mendel's Genetics Mendel s genetics. Hybridized domesticated horses. For thousands ofyears farmers and herders have been selectively breeding their http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm

Mendel's Genetics Hybridized domesticated horses F or thousands of years farmers and herders have been selectively breeding their plants and animals in order to produce more productive hybrids . It was somewhat of a hit or miss process since the actual mechanisms governing inheritance were unknown. Knowledge of these genetic mechanisms finally came as a result of careful laboratory breeding experiments carried out over the last century and a half. Gregor Mendel B y the 1890's, the invention of better microscopes allowed biologists to discover the basic facts of cell division and sexual reproduction. The focus of genetics research then shifted to understanding what really happens in the transmission of hereditary traits from parents to children. A number of hypotheses were suggested to explain heredity, but Gregor Mendel , a little known Central European monk, was the only one who got it more or less right. His ideas had been published in 1866 but largely went unrecognized until 1900, which was long after his death. His early adult life was spent in relative obscurity doing basic genetics research and teaching high school mathematics, physics, and Greek in Brno (now in the Czech Republic). In his later years, he became the abbot of his monastery and put aside his scientific work. W hile Mendel's research was with plants, the basic underlying principles of heredity

95. MendelWeb Homepage 97.1 of classical genetics, introductory data analysis, elementary plant science, andthe history and literature of science. Constructed around Gregor Mendel s 1865 http://www.mendelweb.org/

Edition 97.1 (February 22, 1997) The current edition of MendelWeb is now available at www.mendelweb.org . A new edition is planned for late 2003, and will likely include at least one mirror site. I am always happy to receive your comments, suggestions, and corrections. Roger B. Blumberg (rblum@netspace.org) What's New with 97.1 Table of Contents Mendel's Paper Essays and Commentary ... Frequently Asked Questions "In 1859 I obtained a very fertile descendant with large, tasty seeds from a first generation hybrid. Since in the following year, its progeny retained the desirable characteristics and were uniform, the variety was cultivated in our vegetable garden, and many plants were raised every year up to 1865." Mendel [1950] What is MendelWeb? MendelWeb is an educational resource for teachers and students interested in the origins of classical genetics, introductory data analysis, elementary plant science, and the history and literature of science. Constructed around Gregor Mendel's 1865 paper and a revised version of the English translation by C.T. Druery and William Bateson, "Experiments in Plant Hybridization" , MendelWeb is offered as a public sourcebook and collaborative environment compatible with a variety of guided and independent studies. For some background and an early description of the project, you may want to read

96. Esg-www.mit.edu8001/esgbio/mg/mgdir.html esgwww.mit.edu8001/esgbio/mg/crosses.html More results from esg-www.mit.edu OMIM - Online mendelian Inheritance in ManOMIM, Online mendelian Inheritance in Man, a database of human genes and geneticdisorders developed by staff at Johns Hopkins and hosted on the Web by NCBI. http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/mg/mgdir.html

97. Java Genetics Java genetics Java genetics is my interactive problem set on Mendeliangenetics for Grade 11 Biology. As I get better at writing http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/mendel1a.htm

Java Genetics Java Genetics is my interactive problem set on Mendelian genetics for Grade 11 Biology . As I get better at writing or modifying scripts and think of some other ideas on how to use them, I'll try to provide more challenging problems and improved interactivity. For more Mendelian genetics on this website try Drag-and-Drop Genetics (requires DHTML-capable browser) and CyberStranded 3 (the first part of the game). Instructions How to use this program Problem 1 Monohybrid Problem 2 Monohybrid Problem 3 Blood type Problem 4 Dihybrid Problem 5 "Dash" technique with blood type Problem 6 Girl or boy? "Selected by the SciLinks program, a service of National Science Teachers Association. About zeroBio Dissection Lab Games Home Java Genetics Links Med Dictionary New Stuff onClick Molecules Quizzes Student Centre Who Am I?

98. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Gregor Mendel and the Discovery of genetics. Through much of the 19thcentury it was widely believed that biology is destiny and http://www.unbf.ca/psychology/likely/evolution/mendel.htm

Gregor Mendel and the Discovery of Genetics Through much of the 19th century it was widely believed that 'biology is destiny' and that virtually all human characteristics physical, social and moral are inherited. How heredity actually worked was a considerable mystery. Most characteristics seemed to be averages of those of the parents, perhaps 'regressed toward the mean' of the population as a whole. This seemed to imply that unless there were careful restrictions on choice of mates, people would eventually become more and more average in height, intelligence and everything else. (Very depressing for those who think that the 'average person' is a pretty poor specimen.) Some characteristics eye colour, for instance obviously do not behave in this way * but this only deepened the mystery. Perhaps you can have 'your grandfather's eyes' because some characteristics occasionally 'skip a generation.' Many feared that some less desirable ancestral quality might suddenly emerge Victorian romantic novels are populated with men who exhibit the 'murderous tendencies' of some distant ancestor, and women who live in terror lest they produce a 'throwback' baby because grandfather had sex with a woman of another race. Even Charles Darwin thought that the qualities passed on to children could change depending on the experiences of the parent diet, climate and 'moral exercise' would somehow change the information contained in sperm and ova.

99. Punnett Square Examples [Athro, Limited: Genetics] A dihybrid test cross Mendel s round, wrinkled, yellow, and green pea seeds Gene1 Wdominant Wrinkled (wri) seeds, w-recessive round (rou) seeds Gene 2 G http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punexam.html

Athro, Limited Biology Genetics Working out Punnett Square Examples Using Punnett squares you can work out the probabilities that children of the parents in each example will have particular phenotypes and genotypes. Monohybrid crosses Dihybrid crosses Monohybrid Crosses Dominant B and recessive b Cross between Heterozygous (Bb) parents B b B B B b B b B b bb In this case, the probablity of a child having the bb genotype the Bb genotype the BB genotype the same phenotype as the parents a different phenotype from the parents the same genotype as the parents a different genotype from the parents is: Dominant B and recessive b Cross between a Homozygous dominant (BB) parent and a Heterozygous (Bb) parent B B B B B B B b B b B b In this case, the probablity of a child having the bb genotype the Bb genotype the BB genotype is: Test cross Dominant T and recessive t Dominant T allele produces tall phenotype, homozygous recessive (tt) produces short phenotype Cross between homozygous recessive (tt) and tall parents In this test cross, the offspring may be able to tell you what the tall parent's genotype is. t t T t T t T t t If you have 9 offspring and the offspring are all tall about half tall and half short are mostly tall with a few short then the tall parent's genotype is: definitely TT probably TT definitely Tt probably Tt definitely tt probably tt Monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance Dominant B and recessive b Heterozygous Bb genotype produces phenotype intermediate to those produced by BB and bb Cross between two Heterozygous (Bb) parents

100. ESP: Electronic Scholarly Publishing was elected President, while Mendel published his findings the year after Lincolnwas assassinated? Check out these and other events in genetics in Context http://www.esp.org/foundations/genetics/classical/

Adobe Acrobat needed to use some documents. Foundations of Classical Genetics: What's New Check here for new publications, changes to the site, and other news. Collection of Publications, that can be browsed by author, by title, or by date of publication. Browse our annotated collection of papers and books related to genetics. ( A fancy, high graphics version is also available .) NOTE: the high graphics version is a test version. Therefore, some papers may not be available from the page and some components may not be fully functional.) Genetics in Context - A Comparative Timeline Genetics in Context offers a dual timeline, with scientific events (especially those relevant to classical genetics) presented against those of general historical and cultural interest. Dynamic links are provided to relevant documents at the ESP site and elsewhere. The timeline contains a big HTML file, so give it time to load. This is a new feature, intended to help readers place genetic events in historical context. For example, did you know that Darwin published

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