21. Crossing Over And Genetic Diversity Summary. Investigating the work of Gregor Mendel and aspects of mendelian genetics..Created 01/01/2000 Last Modified 09/01/2004. Printer Friendlier Version. http://www.biology-online.org/2/3_crossing_over.htm

Genetic Diversity and Crossing Over Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, is most famous in this field for his study of the phenotype of pea plants, including the shape of the peas on the pea plants. Gregor Mendel's Work Mendel's goal was to have a firm scientific basis on the relationship of genetic information passed on from parents to offspring. In light of this he focused on how plant offspring acquired the phenotype of their seeds. In this example, there are two choices, round and wrinkled seeds. The plants that were used in the experiment had to be true breeding , i.e. those plants with round seeds must have had parents with round seeds, who in turn had parents producing round seeds etc. This is done to increase the accuracy of results. After successfully producing two generations from these true breeding plants, the following was evident The first generation of plants produced all had a round seed phenotype. When these first generation plants were crossed, a ratio of 3 round seeds averaged every 1 wrinkled seed. The ratio of 3:1 was not exact, though this is because of the randomness of the processes that are executed to produce these plants. For example, independent assortment is completely random, as are mutations, therefore variable results occur producing a sampling error.

22. FREE Distance Learning Genetics - Part Two - Mendelian Genetics is shaping up. All of Part Two mendelian genetics is now available.Part One - Cytogenetics. . Student s (with blanks). Lessons http://www.synapses.co.uk/genetics/

FREE Genetics a self-learning course by Dr Jamie Love genetics@synapses.co.uk Welcome to the second part of our Genetics course. I will be posting new lessons as I develop them (every couple of months), so bookmark this webpage and visit it frequently. Please read the syllabus first so you will understand the course structure. Scroll down to find hyperlinks to the course materials currently displayed. Lessons without hyperlinks are still under development (or are being reworked) and will be posted when they are ready. I decided to leave the titles posted so you will see how the entire course is shaping up. All of Part Two - Mendelian Genetics is now available. Part One - Cytogenetics Student's (with blanks) Lessons (Lectures), Workshops or Exams Teacher's (filled in) Self Assessment Questions Lesson 1 Study Guide Introduction : Cell Division and Genetics Completed Lesson 2 Study Guide The Cell Cycle : Interphase and Cytokinesis Completed Lesson 3 Study Guide Mitosis Completed Lesson 4 Study Guide Meiosis Completed Workshop #1 Worksheet Mitosis and Meiosis Completed Lesson 5 Study Guide Chromosomes in Meiosis, Medicine and Evolution

23. Genetics Workshop Number Two : Mendelian Genetics - Worksheet Genetics Workshop Number Two mendelian genetics Worksheet. t. Tt. Tt. t. Tt. Tt.That concludes Part Three (Test Crosses) and this workshop (mendelian genetics). http://www.synapses.co.uk/genetics/wrkshp2q.html

Genetics Workshop Number Two Mendelian Genetics Worksheet by Dr Jamie Love Genetics Course This workshop is divided into three different sections to be worked after each of the three lessons but before attempting the SAQs for each of those lessons. That is, after the lesson, do the relevant part of the workshop, and then attempt the SAQs (which will be much easier, having done the workshop). The three sections are : Part One - Single Locus Genetics and Monohybrids Part Two - Double Loci Genetics and Dihybrids Part Three - Deductive Genetics and Test Crosses Fill in your worksheet as we work together and, when you are done workshop, pick up a copy of the answers. So, let's start with ... Part One - Single Locus Genetics and Monohybrids A Remind yourself of some basic definitions by writing the genotype (using whatever letters of the alphabet you like but used correctly) of a : homozygous recessive = bb heterozygote = Bb Do NOT use different letters to represent different alleles (traits) of the same gene (characteristic)! homozygous dominant = BB B Assume that brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Use any letters of the alphabet you like to complete the problems below. When there is more than one type of gamete or offspring be sure to include the frequencies (ratios) of them. Feel free to draw a Punnett square if it helps you.

24. Introduction To Mendelian Genetics Introduction to mendelian genetics. Introduction to Genetics. Language of Genetics;Principles of Genetics Mendel s Laws; Problem Solving will be stressed. http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/181gh/rick/genetics1/default.html

Intro Mendel's Peas Monohybrid Cross Punnet Square ... Monohybrid Cross Problem Template Introduction to Mendelian Genetics Introduction to Genetics Genetics: Study of heredity and variation in organisms. Our objective is to understand the principles that govern inheritance in plants and animals including humans Dates to Mendel, 1865. Mendel had no knowledge of meiosis or chromosomes Inherited traits are specified by discrete factors. Properties of these factors are: Factors assort independently during gamete (egg and sperm) formation New combinations of factors form during fertilization (zygote formation) Traits are specified by genes, which are parts of chromosomes Inheritance is characterized by genetic stability and flexibility Applying the ideas of the monohybrid cross to Humans Essential Concepts and Study Objectives What will be covered on the exam? Language of Genetics Principles of Genetics: Mendel's Laws Problem Solving will be stressed Practice Problems are very important. Intro Mendel's Peas Monohybrid Cross Punnet Square ... Course Home Page Richard B. Hallick The University of Arizona September 29, 2003

25. Teachers.Net Lesson Exchange: Introduction To Mendelian Genetics Using Fiction ( 196. Introduction to mendelian genetics using Fiction. Science, levelSenior Posted by Ashlee Grove (grove.ashlee@coe.memphis.edu). http://www.teachers.net/lessons/posts/196.html

Will Your Retirement Income Be Enough? Many annuities offer guaranteed first year returns of 9%. Annuities also offer great financial advantages including tax-deferred growth and freedom from probate hassles. Request a free quote from AnnuiWeb - Your #1 Retirement Planning Resource. click here to enjoy the $avings!!! #196. Introduction to Mendelian Genetics using Fiction Science, level: Senior Posted by Ashlee Grove ( grove.ashlee@coe.memphis.edu University of Memphis, Memphis, TN Materials Required: "The Behavior of Hawkweeds" short story in SHIP FEVER by Andrea Barrett Activity Time: 2 days Concepts Taught: History of Mendelian Genetics and What it is like to be a 19th century scientist Lesson: Introduction to Mendelian Genetics using Fiction Concepts taught: History of Mendel and what was like to be a 19th century scientist Materials: “The Behavior of Hawkweeds” in Ship Fever, a collection of short stories by Andrea Barrett Level: 10th and 11th grade Biology Model: Direct-Interaction Model Procedure: •Check for previous days understanding quick review of cellular structures, especially

26. Lesson Exchange: Mendelian Genetics With LEGOS (Senior, Science) Contenttype text/html. 828. mendelian genetics with LEGOS. Science, level SeniorPosted Mon Feb 1 093112 PST 1999 by Ann Bulger (akb_biot@hotmail.com). http://www.teachers.net/lessons/posts/828.html

Will Your Retirement Income Be Enough? Many annuities offer guaranteed first year returns of 9%. Annuities also offer great financial advantages including tax-deferred growth and freedom from probate hassles. Request a free quote from AnnuiWeb - Your #1 Retirement Planning Resource. Click here #828. Mendelian Genetics with LEGOS Science, level: Senior Posted Mon Feb 1 09:31:12 PST 1999 by Ann Bulger ( akb_biot@hotmail.com Lancaster High School, Lancaster, Ohio U.S.A. Materials Required: 25 to 30 each of 4 dif colors two sizes each. Activity Time: 2 or 3 40 min pd. Concepts Taught: Mendel's principles/ dom and recessive segregation of traits. 1. Have students select 25 to 30 each of LEGOS of different sizes. i.e.25 4 dot red and 25 eight dot red. 2. Using large paper at least 10" by 11" Draw a grid. Leave space to put parents and gamets at the top and side. 3. Give the students the Key for the problem as in T = tall use an 8 dot red for T. t= short use a 4 dot red or a second color for t.

27. History Of Mendelian Genetics Meiosis and mendelian genetics, which includes text and some basic animationsof how meiosis leads to the segregation of Mendelian characters, or http://www.hawaii.edu/bio/bio375/Lec2.html

Handouts and overheads from Lecture 2: Historical Outline (overhead) Unifying principles of Biology and the role of genetics (overhead) The Cell (overhead) Important discoveries about cytology in the 19th century. (overhead) ... Binomial probability distribution, p. 2 (handout) Here are two glossary pages for the material discussed in the historical introduction in the first lecture: Glossary, p.1 Glossary, p. 2 For your INFORMATION only, some links of interest: Let's start with an abbreviated Biography of Mendel , and a discussion of how Mendel's life interweaves with world events For those who want to know more about the man and his contributions, MendelWeb is the complete source site for everything to do with Gregor Mendel, his work in plant hybridization (you can read the original paper!) and commentary on Mendel's work by other noted scientists. But, If you just want to obtain more information on the pea experiments themselves, and their relation to basic genetics, The Biology Project: Mendelian Genetics offers host of tutorials and self-testing problems basic genetics, while:

28. Mendelian Genetics Search. Biology, mendelian genetics. Information on the basic principlesthat govern heredity, which were discovered by Gregor Mendel. http://biology.about.com/od/mendeliangenetics/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Biology Genetics Mendelian Genetics Home Essentials Science Fair Projects Top Biology Programs ... Brain Basics zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); AP Biology Biology Dictionary Biology Science Fair Biotechnology / Cloning ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Biology newsletter. Search Biology Mendelian Genetics Information on the basic principles that govern heredity, which were discovered by Gregor Mendel. Learn about Mendel's law of segregation and independent assortment. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Law of Segregation The principles that govern heredity were discovered by a monk named Gregor Mendel in the 1860's. One of these principles is now called Mendel's law of segregation. Independent Assortment Mendel's law of independent assortment states that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another. Genotype and Phenotype Information about the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Human Genetics Detailed information on the principles of human genetics presented by the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.

29. Mendelian Genetics And Beyond mendelian genetics and Beyond. D. The Classical Experiments of Mendel The methodfor the genetic cross; what types of pea plants did Mendel work with? http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/mendel1440.htm

Mendelian Genetics and Beyond A. Introduction B. The Life of Gregor Mendel C. Why peas? Flower structure pollination and fertilization the offspring of peas D. The Classical Experiments of Mendel The method for the genetic cross what types of pea plants did Mendel work with? What is a parental strain? Mendel's First Experiment What is the F1 generation? What is a dominant trait? Mendels Second Experiment What is the F2 generation? What is a recessive trait? Mendels Explanation of the data: 1) Hereditary characters are determined by discrete factors (alleles) 2) These factors occur in pairs, one from each parent 3) These two factors segregate (separate) during gamete formation (Law of Segregation) What are homozygous alleles? What are heterozygous alleles? The Punnet Square The dihybrid cross Mendel's Principle of Independent Assortment Explanation of Independent Assortment Using Chromosomes in Meiosis view 2 E. Modifications to Mendel 1. Implication from Mendel? Pleiotropy ( sickle cell anemia Polygenic Inheritance (height genes) 2. Sex Linkage and T.H. Morgan

30. Mendelian Genetics Molecular Biology Archive. mendelian genetics. 2002076. Link it to the ethical aspects.The example clearly illustrates how relevant the mendelian genetics are. http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00299.htm

Ask A Scientist Molecular Biology Archive Mendelian Genetics Back to General Science Topics Ask A Scientist Index NEWTON Homepage Ask A Question ... NEWTON is an electronic community for Science, Math, and Computer Science K-12 Educators. Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational Programs, Harold Myron, Ph.D., Division Director.

31. A Hotlist On Mendelian Genetics A Hotlist on mendelian genetics An Internet Hotlist on mendeliangenetics created by Mrs.upshaw RHS. Introduction. In addition to http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/fil/pages/listmendeliamr.html

A Hotlist on mendelian genetics An Internet Hotlist on mendelian genetics created by Mrs.upshaw RHS Introduction In addition to using books and magazines to find out about mendelian genetics, why not also use the power of the Internet? The links below will get you started. The Internet Resources The Biology Project - University of Arizona Tutorial - This is a tutorial that can be used to practice the genetics skills learned ie...monohybrid and dihybrid cross. Genetic Science Learning Center - This site can be used as a reference if you need to find out anything about genetics. Mendelian Genetics Tutorial - This site will help you to review all vocabulary related to genetics and it gives examples. Content by Mrs.upshaw, tiffanyu@fsusd.k12.ca.us http://www.kn.sbc.com/wired/fil/pages/listmendeliamr.html Last revised Sat Mar 27 8:21:36 US/Pacific 2004

32. Non-Mendelian Genetics Nonmendelian genetics. While many gene situations work out as simplyas mendel described, not all do. Mendel only show the parts http://plantphys.info/principles/nonmendelian.html

Course Schedule Plant Phys Info Homepage Email Ross Koning Non-Mendelian Genetics While many gene situations work out as simply as mendel described, not all do. Mendel only show the parts of his work that actually fit predicted ratios. Other crosses that did not fit the model were left out of his articles, but ARE found in his data books. We now know how these worked too. Mendel could not explain the results in his day, so he just omitted them. Hmm, I wonder if today we would consider that completely ethical? Incomplete Dominance Here is an example from snapdragons. These flowers have two color alleles. One allele makes an enzyme leading to red anthocyanin pigmentation. The other allele makes a defective protein. When truebreeding (homozygous) red snapdragons are crossed with truebreeding white ones, the F1 progeny are neither white nor red. They are pink. It appears that the red allele is incompletely dominant to the white. Because only half of the enzymes being produced are functional it appears that we get pink rather than red flowers. CoDominance In another example, from marigold, when true-breeding red and true-breeding yellow plants are crossed the F1 offspring are orange. It seems very much like incomplete dominance. But rather than red "talking" less, it seems that in this case red and yellow are both "talking" equally. Hence the word co-dominance. You might wonder, in cases like these, how do we symbolize the alleles in the crosses? In many cases we go to a "neutral" symbol. In this case we might go for p as in PETAL. So our petal color alleles would be P

33. VIP: Mendelian Genetics mendelian genetics. True breeding tall peas are crossed with true breeding dwarfpeas. The resulting progeny are all tall. This outcome tells you that http://plantphys.info/plants_human/vipmendel.html

Course Schedule Plant Phys Info Homepage Email Ross Koning Mendelian Genetics True breeding tall peas are crossed with true breeding dwarf peas. The resulting progeny are all tall . This outcome tells you that: tall dwarf is dominant to tall dwarf and that you should use the symbols T/t D/d for the logic. P phenotype: genotype: x phenotype: genotype: F1 are all: phenotype: genotype: F1 x F1 phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: The two possible test-crosses: phenotype: genotype: x phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: and/or phenotype: genotype: x phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: phenotype: genotype: Go to the Course Schedule Page Go to the Plant Physiology Information Homepage Send comments and bug reports to Ross Koning at rkoning@snet.net View the

34. Introduction To Mendelian Genetics mendelian genetics Introduction. Gregor Mendel experimented with peaplants for seven years in a small garden in a monastary near http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/origins/genetics/mendel.html

Mendelian Genetics Introduction Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plants for seven years in a small garden in a monastary near Brno, Czechoslovakia in the Austrian Alps. During those seven years he worked with plants that had certain traits that came and went in predictable ways. In many cases he noted tall or short plants but no medium size plants, for example. When he crossbred a tall plant with a short one, he always got a tall plant. But those "tall" seeds from these plants produced a few short plants in the next generation. The experiments led to dramatic insights into how genetics worked. This module will help you understand some of the basic principles that we believe govern the blueprints for life. Mendel worked with traits such as color, stem length, and nature of the seed. As he performed his experiments, he recognized "weaker" traits and "stronger" ones. He named the stong traits DOMINANT and the weaker one RECESSIVE . In order to conceptualize this relationship, explore this brief explanation of what Mendel did. First Generation: Mendel began by producing a series of true-breeding pea plants. This meant that he was sure he had only traits for yellow or green when he began to crossbreed plants. In the first cross, Mendel saw only the "strong" trait for green color. There was no direct evidence that the yellow trait existed.

35. Mendelian Genetics Cannot Fully Explain Human Health And Behavior. http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/14/concept/

36. Science Kit And Boreal Laboratories - General Mendelian Genetics General mendelian genetics. Click here to view all products in this category.The Genetics of Bloops. Boreal mendelian genetics Riker Mount. http://www.sciencekit.com/category.asp_Q_c_E_427543

Your Shopping Cart Your cart contains Items Sub Total Shipping *Total 100% secure shopping Home Express Order Recommended Materials Free E-mail Newsletter Your e-mail here: Classroom Products... Choose a Category Elementary Highlights Middle School Highlights High School Highlights College Highlights Balances Forensics Gifts for Teachers Lab Supplies Microscopes Teacher Developed, Classroom Tested I am looking for... Choose a Subject Executive Toys Fun Science Gifts for Teachers Gifts for Kids Under 12 Gifts for Teens Science Games Gifts Under $50 Gifts $50-$99.99 Gifts Over $100 Date - 6/10/2004 Catalog Biology Biotechnology and Ge... General Mendelian Ge... Enter Keywords or Item # All Products Biology Chemistry/Chemicals Earth Science Elementary (K-6) Forensics Scientific Inquiry and Science Fairs Instructional Technology Labware and Furniture Physics Science Books Teacher Developed Classroom Tested HomeSchooling Science Teachers Make a World of Difference Publisher/Recommended Materials Lists Cool Science Helpful Tips Catalog Item Number? Quantity?

37. Science Kit And Boreal Laboratories - Mendelian Genetics - The Nasonia Project mendelian genetics The Nasonia Project. Click here to view all productsin this category. Case of the Red Eyed Female. 15 Lab Groups http://www.sciencekit.com/category.asp?c=427547

38. Mendelian Genetics mendelian genetics. Mendel s Now lets take a more complicated situation,so as to understand the true complexity of mendelian genetics. Let http://www.geocities.com/mousedomousery/genetics/mendel.html

Mendelian Genetics Mendel's first hypothesis was that " Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters. " What he was talking about were alleles, or different versions of genes that affect the same characteristic. His second hypothesis was that, " For each character, an organism inherits two genes, one from each parent ". This was refers to the fact that when somatic cells are produced from two gametes, one comes from each parent. The alleles are either the same, or they are different. His third hypothesis, stems directly from the second, " If the two alleles differ, then one, the dominant allele, is fully expressed in the organism's appearance; the other, the recessive allele, has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance. " Finally his fourth hypothesis is that " The two genes for each character segregate during gamete production, " which refers to the fact that each reproductive cell has only one of each pair of alleles, which will meet up with its pair when the reproductive opposites meet up and create a new organism. Mendel's work was with peas, and most schoolchildren learn a little of Mendel's theories in school. However we will go into much greater depth, and apply this information specifically to mice.

39. BSCI 124 Lecture Notes -- Mendelian Genetics BSCI 124 Lecture Notes. Undergraduate Program in Plant Biology, Universityof Maryland. LECTURE 10 mendelian genetics. I. Introduction http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci124/lec10.html

BSCI 124 Lecture Notes Undergraduate Program in Plant Biology, University of Maryland LECTURE 10 - MENDELIAN GENETICS I. Introduction A. Chromosomes carry hereditary information (genes) 1. Arrangement of nucleotides in the DNA molecule B. Chromosomes (and genes) occur in pairs - homologous chromosomes C. New combinations of genes occur in sexual reproduction 1. fertilization from two parents II. Gregor Mendel See also this Three images of Mendel A. Monk in what is now Brno in the Czech Republic , southeast of Prague B. 1866, published Experiments in Plant Hybridization (ignored until 1900 when rediscovered independently by three different researchers) C. Worked with peas 1. self-pollinating D. mathematician - explained results quantitatively; first biologist to use math E. Predicted genes; that they occur in pairs; that one of each pair is present in the gametes F. Barbara McClintock : A modern Mendel III. Terms to know A. gene - the unit of heredity; a section of DNA sequence encoding a single protein

40. Mendelian Genetics Game Learning mendelian genetics. through a simple coin toss game. publishedin American Biology Teacher, Oct. 1998. Vol. 60, no. 8, page 608612. http://www.wsu.edu/~omoto/papers/cointoss.html

Learning Mendelian Genetics through a simple coin toss game. published in American Biology Teacher, Oct. 1998. Vol. 60, no. 8, page 608-612. Charlotte K. Omoto Department of Genetics and Cell Biology Washington State University P. O. Box 644234 Pullman, WA 99164-4234 Voice: (509) 335-5591 Fax: (509) 335-1907 omoto@wsu.edu INTRODUCTION A Macintosh computer program written in Director 5.0 which uses the genetics of parakeet is available for downloading MATERIALS FOR THE EXERCISE The main materials for this exercise are sets of pedigree charts. We also use a coin and a marker pen which students can provide. The pedigree charts already have the circles and squares connected by lines. Each group of 3-5 students is provided with pedigree charts; one "genotype" chart and several blank "phenotype" charts. The genotype chart has the genotype of select individuals noted ( Fig. 1a and Fig. 3 ) and whether the trait to be simulated is dominant, recessive, or sex-linked recessive. The phenotype charts have the same number and orientation of squares and circles connected by lines but are otherwise blank. The exercise involves filling in the genotype chart by tossing a coin to determine which of the two alleles is inherited by an offspring. Thus the exercise simulates nature; each offspring is a result of random choice of one of the two copies of the gene in each parent. Instructors can make their own pedigree charts. One can make a blank pedigree chart using as a guide the pedigree charts on

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