81. Maps.com - Reference Definition Field Listing Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30 can read and write English, mende, Temne, or People note Definition Field Listing Rwanda is the http://www.maps.com/reference/geoshelf/factbook/sierraleone.html

Plan a Trip Reference Find a Friend Games ... Business Solutions Search Maps.com Plan A Trip Reference Geography Bookshelf History Maps ... Business Solutions Find A Hotel Check In : January February March April May June July August September October November December Check Out : January February March April May June July August September October November December Enter a City: Powered by Hotelsbycity.com Site Map Help Home ... Physical Map Sierra Leone Legend Definition Field Listing Rank Order Introduction Sierra Leone Top of Page Background: Since 1991, civil war between the government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (well over one-third of the population), many of whom are now refugees in neighboring countries. After several setbacks, the end to the 11-year conflict in Sierra Leone may finally be near at hand. With the support of the UN peacekeeping force and contributions from the World Bank and international community, demobilization and disarmament of the RUF and Civil Defense Forces (CDF) combatants has been completed. National elections were held in May 2002 and the government continues to slowly reestablish its authority. Geography Sierra Leone Top of Page Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia

82. The Blacksmith's Art From Africa to interpret the metallurgical processes the people witnessed when inexpensive iron onto the shores of africa. By 1920 indigenous furnaces ceased to produce http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=363

83. Dictionary.com/Sierra Leone Modification Sierra LeonePeople Population 4,753,120 Asian 1% Religions Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30 to literate minority), mende (principal vernacular http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=Sierra Leone

84. World Factbook For Sierra Leone HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS Religions Muslim60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10 use limited to literate minority), mende (principalvernacular in http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr----sle.html

85. Sierra Leone accent and accuracy of welleducated English people” (T. Jones the major ones include Kono, Kuranko, Limba, mende (the principal indigenous languages in http://www2.rz.hu-berlin.de/angl/WAfr/intro/sierraleone.html

English in West Africa A Research Project at the Department of Linguistics Institute of English and American Studies Humboldt University, Berlin Sierra Leone: Brief Introduction Extract from: Wolf, Hans-Georg (2001). English in Cameroon . Contributions to the Sociology of Language 85. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. [see this volume for the references given] The country has about 5,080,000 inhabitants (July 1995 est., see US.G.CIA 1999f, Der Grosse Brockhaus vol. 10 1980: 443) or “Krio.” English trading posts existed since 1651 ( Der Grosse Brockhaus Der Grosse Brockhaus vol. 10 1980: 444). English is the official language of Sierra Leone. As in the case of Gambian English, little has been published on the particular variety of English spoken there, except for cursory treatments by Pemagbi (1989) and Conteh-Morgan (1997), and some initial findings on its phonology by Simo Bobda (2000) and Simo Bobda, Wolf, and Peter (1999). Without doubt, Krio is by far the most important language in Sierra Leone as it is used in practically all domains of public life, and the negative attitude towards it has diminished (see Ehret 1997: 186). According to SIL (1996-99f, online), 10% of the population are L1 speakers and 95% of the remainder are L2 speakers of Krio. 21 other languages besides English and Krio are listed in the Ethnologue , the major ones include Kono, Kuranko, Limba, Mende (the principal indigenous languages in the south), and Themne (the principal indigenous language in the north) (see SIL 1996-99f, online; US.G.CIA 1999f, online).

86. WRITING ASSIGNMENTS mende of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia. Art; Francis Bebey, African Music A People s Art; Barbara Include an explanation of indigenous cultural traits and/or http://faculty.uncfsu.edu/doyler/TCHNG/H490Write.htm

WRITING ASSIGNMENTS HIST 490 FALL 2002 I. INDIGENOUS LITERATURE: The Oral Tradition: Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali Using this oral tradition recorded by D.T. Niane and TWO sources of your choice, DESCRIBE the culture of the Mande Speakers at the time of the founding of the Empire of Mali. Use the culture in which Sundiata was born, at Niani in the Kingdom of Kangaba looking for the following: Language, government, religion, education, maintaining any type of records of the past, environmental effects on culture, art, music, literature, and Moral Values that might include reverence for elders, truth, beauty, loyalty, bravery, sympathy, kindness, hospitality, and whatever else you see within the document. Use the two sources of your choice to try to VERIFY the cultural statements that you make based upon the oral tradition. Also include any observations you have on the accuracy of the oral tradition or comparisons to culture today in the area. II. MODERN LITERATURE: A. Literature in French: Dark Child: An Autobiography Camara Laye writes in French about life in Guinea at the time of colonization. Using the novel and TWO sources of your choice, DESCRIBE indigenous Culture of this ethnic group in terms of the following:

87. Sierra Leone - Definition By Dict.die.net 2.99% (1999 est.) HIV/AIDS people living with Indians Religions Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30 limited to literate minority), mende (principal vernacular http://dict.die.net/sierra leone/

Definition: sierra leone Search dictionary for Source: WordNet (r) 1.7 Sierra Leone n : a republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961 [syn: Sierra Leone, Republic of Sierra Leone Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) Peach Persian , and Parsee .] (Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree which bears it ( Prunus, or Amygdalus Persica ). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and inedible. Guinea , or Sierra Leone, peach , the large edible berry of the Sarcocephalus esculentus , a rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical Africa. Palm peach , the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree ( Bactris speciosa Peach color , the pale red color of the peach blossom. Peach-tree borer (Zo["o]l.), the larva of a clearwing moth ( [AE]geria, or Sannina, exitiosa ) of the family [AE]geriid[ae] , which is very destructive to peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the moth itself. See Illust. under Borer Source: CIA World Factbook 2002 Sierra Leone Projects online dictionary linux docs world sunlight free online rpg ... party invitations

88. Programs In International Educational Resources and distribution systems, and emphasis on indigenous food crops 1998, 52 minutes, In English and mende with English Sierra Leone to the Gullah people of present http://www.yale.edu/ycias/pier/film.htm

2003 Summer Film festival in conjunction with Pier-african studies summer institute "The Teaching of Africa" [All films are shown in Luce Hall - Admission is free and open to the public] Thursday, July 10: 6:30 - 9:00 p.m. Produced by Frances Reid and Deborah Hoffmann South Africa, 95 minutes, In English, Zulu, Sotho and Afrikaans with English Subtitles Monday, July 14 6:30 - 9:00 p.m. Chinua Achebe: The Importance of Stories Directed by Cambiz Khosravi 1996, 57 minutes, In English A video portrait examining how Chinua Achebe and modern Africa were shaped by a history of racism and colonialism. Achebe discusses the artistry and human significance of literature. Mwe Bana Bandi (You, My Children) Produced by Kristiina Tuura Zambia, 1988, 29 minutes, In Bemba with English Subtitles A musical documentary about the songs and dances of children in a northeastern Zambian village, Wapamesa. It is a story of two boys as central characters, following their daily activities from sunrise to sunset.

89. The 1996 CIA World Factbook Page On Sierra Leone People. Lebanese, and Asian 1% Religions Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30 official, regular use limited to literate minority), mende (principal vernacular in http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact96/223.htm

From: The CIA's THE WORLD FACTBOOK 1996 Factbook 1996 Home Gov Docs Home Libraries Home UM-St. Louis Home Sierra Leone Map Location: 8 30 N, 11 30 W Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia View GIF from CIA (22 KB) Download TIFF from CIA (388 KB) Download PDF from CIA (31 KB) Flag Description: three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue View GIF from CIA (1 KB) Download TIFF from CIA (6 KB) 3" Full Size View GIF from CIA (2 KB) Download TIFF from CIA (365 KB) Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia Geographic coordinates: 8 30 N, 11 30 W Map references: Africa Area: total area: 71,740 sq km land area: 71,620 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than South Carolina Land boundaries: total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km Coastline: 402 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)

90. UN Chronicle | Languages As Historical Archives languages include Kpelle in Liberia, mende in Sierra millennium BCE, the protoMande people greatly enhanced by domesticating African rice, indigenous to the http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2003/issue4/0403p68.asp

ESSAY Languages as Historical Archives Implications for Agriculture and Development By Christopher Ehret Print Home In This Issue Archive Français ... Links Article A sorghum field, with houses and hills behind, in Mandara Mountains, Cameroon In the eighteenth century, the British New World colony of South Carolina prospered from the raising and exporting of rice. What does this have to do with linguistics, agriculture and development in the modern day? The answer is a salutary warning against unexamined assumptions: African agricultural technology created the prosperity of colonial Carolina. Many centuries before, peoples of the Guinea Coast of Africa evolved a sophisticated and highly efficient technology for growing abundant crops of African rice, Oryza glaberima. Taking advantage of the tidal estuaries of rivers flowing into the Atlantic, they built levees and channels to redirect the ebb and flow of the tides onto their fields. Before the planting season, African farmers channeled to their fields salty seawater flowing into the estuaries at high tide. Some days or weeks later, they let fresh water flow onto the plots: the salty water had killed the weeds and seeds, and then the fresh water washed away the salty water and leached the salt from the soil. At the same time, it deposited a fresh layer of silt, enriching the soil for the rice crop to be planted. Carolina planters gained access to this technology in the eighteenth century by importing experts from the Guinea Coast. But unlike modern-day expatriate advisers, these experts crossed the Atlantic not as a privileged group but as slaves, and so their seminal role in colonial Carolina agriculture long remained unnoticed. Only in the past twenty years, through the work of scholars, such as Professor Judith Carney and Dr. Edda Fields, has their contribution finally begun to gain the recognition it has long deserved.

91. Ethnologue: Sierra Leone Taught as an elective from primary to college level. The people are 6% literate. Most are mende speakers in Sierra Leone. indigenous script. Typology SOV. http://www.christusrex.org/www3/ethno/Sier.html

Ethnologue Areas Africa Sierra Leone 4,726,000 (1995). Republic of Sierra Leone. Literacy rate 15%. Also includes 700 Greek, people from Lebanon, India, Pakistan, refugees from Liberia. Information mainly from Dalby 1962, TISLL 1995, L. Vanderaa CRC 1991. Data accuracy estimate: A2. Muslim, traditional religion, Christian. Blind population 28,000 (1982 WCE). Deaf institutions: 5. The number of languages listed for Sierra Leone is 23. BASSA BAS ] 5,000 in Sierra Leone (1991 D. Slager UBS); 347,600 in Liberia (1991 L. Vanderaa CRC); 353,000 in all countries. Freetown. Niger-Congo , Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Bassa. Traditional religion. NT 1970. Bible portions 1844-1988. BOM (BOME, BUM, BOMO) BMF ] 250 speakers out of an ethnic group of 5,000 (1991 D. Slager UBS). Along the Bome River. Niger-Congo , Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Southern, Mel, Bullom-Kissi, Bullom, Northern. They are being absorbed into the Mende group. Traditional religion. BULLOM SO (NORTHERN BULLOM, BOLOM, BULEM, BULLUN, BULLIN, MMANI, MANDINGI) BUY ] Few speakers out of 6,800 in the ethnic group (1988 L. Vanderaa). Along the coast from the Guinea border to the Sierra Leone River. Also in Guinea.

92. IK Monitor 3(3) Kroma account the science and technology local people are doing must be trained to deal with indigenous knowledge in Munda is a mende child who is having difficulty http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm/3-3/articles/kroma.html

Popularizing science education in developing countries through indigenous knowledge Siaka Kroma Enrolment and retention in science and mathematics courses are still unacceptably low in many developing countries. This is due in part to a disjunction between the course content encountered in schools and the local knowledge of students. In this article it is argued that science and mathematics would be more popular if course content reflected the indigenous knowledge of local communities. Introduction The growth of science and mathematics education in many Third World countries is impaired by the negative attitudes toward these subjects expressed by pupils. This is due largely to inadequacies related to subject matter, instructional procedures and teaching personnel. For example, familiar subject matter that could be used to lay the foundations of the discipline, capture pupils' interest and challenge their intellect at an early age is largely neglected. As a result, mathematics and science are perceived by pupils as 'dry', uninteresting and irrelevant. This leads to low retention rates in schools in general, and in science courses in particular. If science and mathematics are to gain popularity, capture the interest of Third World pupils and challenge their intellect, the content must be made more appealing by linking it to their immediate experiences and making it relevant to their daily activities. One way to achieve this is through the use of local knowledge as a starting point for the exploration of scientific concepts and inquiry procedures.

93. Adherents.com: By Location Muslims comprise 60% of the people. Poro A secret society among the mende of Sierra . primalindigenous, Sierra Leone, -, 52.00%, -, -, 1992, Goring, Rosemary (ed http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_297.html

Adherents.com - Religion by Location Over 42,000 religious geography and religion statistics citations (membership statistics for over 4,000 different religions, denominations, tribes, etc.) for every country in the world. To Index back to Sierra Leone, Christianity Sierra Leone, continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Sierra Leone units Deseret News 1997-98 Church Almanac . Deseret News: Salt Lake City, UT (1996), pg. 188-408. "Year-end 1995: Est. population [of country]; Members, [number shown in '# of adherents' column to left] " Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Sierra Leone "LDS in Africa: Growing Membership Sees American Church with Unique Vision, " Salt Lake Tribune , 4 April 1998. Reprinted in Sunstone (June 1998, pg. 71). Map: Membership totals as of December 1997. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Sierra Leone units Deseret News 1999-2000 Church Almanac . Deseret News: Salt Lake City, UT (1998), pg. 267-410.

94. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE RAINFOREST 1992 has shown for mende living on for cooperation between forest dwelling people and the In Intellectual property rights for indigenous people, a sourcebook http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Rainforest/malon.html

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE RAINFOREST: PERCEPTION, EXTRACTION AND CONSERVATION Roy Ellen University of Kent at Canterbury Introduction Domesticating the rainforest Canarium and Landolphia [Ichikawa 1992; c.f. Fox 1953]. Clearance for temporary cultivation plots not only transforms forest structure through cultivation itself, and through regrowth, but also through the selective removal of trees. Large trees with hard woods have a selective advantage in being more difficult to remove. On Seram, in the east of the Indonesian archipelago, the presence, for example, of Canarium vulgare, Sterculia and Diospyros ebenaster , pose formidable difficulties for Nuaulu cultivators5. But plants may be preserved deliberately as well as by default, and many techniques are reported which involve degrees of protection of otherwise wild species [Ellen 1994: 205-6, Headland 1987, Rambo 1985: 71]. Collection of forest products specifically for trade (particularly resins, rattans and seeds) has probably been a major selection pressure in the Malaysian peninsula [Dunn 1975, Gianno 1990, Rambo 1979: 60]. Human settlement has led to the deliberate introduction of plant domesticates from other parts of the world and many varieties of cultivated trees [Fox 1953, Rambo 1985: 70]. The magnificent Tectona grandis is now well-established in the lowland forest of Seram, though it was probably introduced during the seventeenth century [Ellen 1985: 563]. In some parts of southeast Asia quick-growing species are planted in plots to ensure rapid and appropriate regrowth, and to supply fuel [Whitmore 1990: 135].

95. Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, mende 30%, other 30 Religions Islam 60%, indigenous 30%, Christian 10%. The Bulom people were thought to have been the http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107959.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Sierra Leone Infoplease Atlas: Sierra Leone Republic of Sierra Leone President: Ahmad Tejan Kabbah (1998) Area: 27,699 sq mi (71,740 sq km) Population (2004 est.): 5,883,889, (growth rate: 2.3%); birth rate: 43.3/1000; infant mortality rate: 145.2/1000; life expectancy: 42.7; density per sq mi: 212 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Freetown, 1,051,000 Monetary unit: Leone Languages: English (official), Mende, Temne, Krio Ethnicity/race: 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole, European, Lebanese, and Asian 20% Religions: Islam 60%, Indigenous 30%, Christian 10% Literacy rate: 31% (1995 est.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2002 est.): $2.826 billion; per capita $500.

96. Our Stories : What We Do : Dragonfly Media within the Sudan, the exploitation of indigenous people by Arab on a spring night in 1994 when mende Nazer was learned that no one gives a people oppressed for http://www.dragonflymedia.com/ourstories/stories_drb_slaves.html

our team our magazines our stories how to advertise ... letter from our president Slaves Among Us Tell Their Tales True accounts by two Sudanese, captured and sold into slavery as children by Herb Boyd Dragonfly Media, January 2004 Two new books provide proof that the slave trade continues. Unlike the Atlantic slave trade, the movement of human cargo in these instances is an internal affair within the Sudan, the exploitation of indigenous people by Arab merchants. That two contemporary narratives from young Sudanese have been published almost simultaneously would seem remarkable, until one reflects that their stories are emblematic of thousands who remain in bondage. SLAVE: My True Story ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY Bok finally succeeded in escaping when he was about seventeen. He took the cows to pasture, then ran for hours. When he finally reached a town, the police arrested him. For the next two months, the police were his new master. He left then the same way: he ran. When he finally stopped running he was in Khartoum. There he naively sought help by telling people about his enslavement, something vehemently denied by the Sudanese government. Someone snitched on him. He remained in custody for another seven months in Khartoum before he was miraculously freed. He made his way to Cairo. After some time there, he found his way on a TWA flight to New York in 1999, with a connecting flight to Fargo, North Dakota. Likewise, Nazer escaped with the help of fellow Nubians, and now lives in London. As with earlier slave narratives, Nazer and Bok are effusive in their gratitude to those who assisted them. Two years after her escape, Nazer is so beholden to her newly adopted country that she is amazed when she hears people openly criticizing the British government. Bok is equally appreciative of the American government, and his book includes photos of him with Condoleezza Rice and President Bush.

97. Sierra Leone - Our Work Index  - Caritas Australia mende and Temne are indigenous to the south and to the north. Krio is also widely used. People living with HIV/AIDS 688,000 (est. 1999). http://www.caritas.org.au/ourwork/where_sierraleone.htm

Where we work Africa Asia East Timor ... Take Action Sierra Leone What Caritas Australia is doing? Caritas Stories The Facts About Sierra Leone ... What can you do? What is Caritas Australia doing? Children Associated with the War (CAW) is a Non-Governmental Organisation working under the auspices of the Catholic Church in Sierra Leone. CAW is responsible for formulating policies regarding the care, protection and development of Children in Sierra Leone. Caritas Australia has supported the implementation of a series of vocational skills trainings for ex-child soldiers and victims of abuse. Human Rights awareness raising and advocacy for sexually abused women are also carried out. The main objectives of this program are: Caritas Stories Sierra Leone: The High Price of Peace Sierra Leone: How War Affects Children The Facts About Sierra Leone Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, with Liberia and Guinea as neighbours. It spans swampy coastline, wooded hills and has a plateau in its interior. In 1792, freed slaves from Nova Scotia settled in Sierra Leone and it was not until 1896 that Britain established a protectorate over the country. The African population won political power after World War II, declaring independence for Sierra Leone in 1961.

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