21. New Acquisitions European conquest and the rights of indigenous peoples the moral Books for Change ; Claremont, South africa David Philip PN1995.9.F3 A7 NAZER, mende. http://www.wm.edu/law/lawlibrary/collections/04feb.shtml

Contact WM Law A-Z Index WM Home Resources Law Library Home About the Library Collections Research Links ... Contact the Law Library Circulation Desk Hours May 8 - August 22, 2004 Hours vary during holidays Mon - Fri 8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Saturday 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Sunday 1:00 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. (Students have 24-hour access) Phone: MARSHALL-WYTHE LAW LIBRARY NEW ACQUISITIONS FOR FEBRUARY 2004 Faculty: email a book request About the Site

22. Sources On Environmental Ethics History of the Nunu of Equatorial africa (Studies in and Resource Use Among the mende of Gola The Law of the Mother Protecting indigenous peoples in Protected http://ecoethics.net/bib/tl-165-a.htm

Short-Title List of Selected Works on Ecological Anthropology - 1 Compiled by Timothy C. Weiskel in association with Amazon.com EcoEthics.Net Go to the Bottom Directory of Title Lists Go to the Subject Bibliographies in Environmental Ethics EnvironmentalEthics.Net Amazon Journal : Dispatches from a Vanishing Frontier Geoffrey O'Connor / Hardcover / Published 1997 Price: $18.17 The Culture of Habitat Gary Paul Nabhan / Hardcover / Published 1997 Price: $17.50 Early Hominid Behavioural Ecology (Journal of Human Evolution, Vol 27, Nos 1-3, 1994) James S. Oliver, et al / Paperback / Published 1994 Price: $35.00 Eco Homo : How the Human Being Emerged from the Cataclysmic History of the Earth Noel Thomas Boaz / Hardcover / Published 1997 Price: $17.50 Ecocide of Native America : Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples Donald A. Grinde, Bruce E. Johansen / Hardcover / Published 1995 Price: $17.47 Environmental Values in American Culture Willett M. Kempton, et al / Hardcover / Published 1995 Price: $55.50

23. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

24. Davis Publications - /artslides/slidesets/slideset.asp africa PEOPLE IN indigenous COSTUMES. deity caretaker in Kente robe by BONO PEOPLE Catalog Number dress designed by HANNAH BARNET by mende PEOPLE Catalog Number http://www.davis-art.com/artslides/slidesets/slideset.asp?action=select&pk=1969

25. Davis Publications - /artslides/slidesets/slideset.asp over africa, it is in West africa that tie of national movements which promoted indigenous dress, led Tied square of cloth by mende PEOPLE Catalog Number F8916; http://www.davis-art.com/artslides/slidesets/slideset.asp?action=select&pk=1789

26. Tribes Of The Niger century, established kingdoms by the conquest of indigenous peoples. the Bambara, Dyula, Malinke, mende, and Soninke a cluster of Kwaspeaking peoples of south http://schools.4j.lane.edu/spencerbutte/StudentProjects/Rivers/tribe.html

Tribes of the Niger River BAMBARA : a Mande-speaking people of Mali. Today sedentary farmers, they are divided inti many small chiefdoms, and known for their elaborate cosmology and religion. Earlier they had founded two important states at Seguo, on the Niger. Population 1.2 million. EDO : a Kwa-speaking people of southern Nigeria, the population of the kingdom of Benin; whose political and religious ruler, the , lives in Benin City. The ruling dynasty is historically closely linked with the Yoruba. They are famed for they carving, metal-casting and other arts. Population 1.3 million. FULANI ( FULBE, PEUL) : a people speaking a West Atlantic language, dispersed across the Sahel zone of West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They are predominantly Muslim, and coprise both transhumant cattle keepers and also sedentaery agricultural groups. Both are typically minority elements living among other peoples. The pastoralist groups are egalitarian, the sedentary ones having chiefs in some areas, such as northern Nigeria, where they overthrew the Hausa rulers of existing states in the early 19th century, established kingdoms by the conquest of indigenous peoples. population 7 million HAUSA : a Chadic-speaking people of Nigeria and Niger. They are intensive farmers

27. General Essay On The Religions Of Sub-Saharan Africa The choice of indigenous traditions has been made Gittins, Anthony J. mende Religion Aspects of Belief authority among an East African people London Oxford http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sub/geness.html

General Essay on the Religions of Sub-Saharan Africa Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa has changed and evolved over the last two to three thousand years in many different ways. While the traditions depicted in this chart provide examples of those that exist today, and that were affected by the expansion of European colonialism in the 19th century, peoples living in the vast area south of the Sahara desert had already sustained rich systems of belief and practice long before the arrival of Christianity and colonialism, and certainly in some cases befroe the Muslim expansion from the Arabian peninsula. Islam entered Sub-Saharan Africa in the eighth century, and within six hundred years of the prophet's death had penetrated from the Sahara to the Sudanic belt, and from the Atlantic to the Red Sea, making its presence felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited this expanse. Other transplanted religions have had virtually no impact upon Sub-Saharan traditions. With the exception of Judaism, these did not make any permanent incursion into the region until the 19th or 20th centuries. The chart suggests three wide areas of religious beliefs and practices: (I) Indigenous African religions; (II) World Religions (Baha'i, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and Zorastrianism); (III) New Religious Traditions (African Independent Churches).

28. Exploring Africa -> Students term inhabitants of a given area are called indigenous people. of the United States; the main indigenous ethnic groups in Sierra Leone are the mende and the http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/lm15/stu_actsix.html

Unit Three: Studying Africa through the Humanities Module Fifteen: Africa and the World Teacher's Edition Activity 6 Thus far in the unit, we have focused on the movements of Africans from Africa to other parts of the world. However, the movements between Africa and the rest of the world do not occur in only one direction. At several periods in history, Africans and people of Africa descent have migrated back to Africa. In this activity, you will learn about the return to Africa and the founding of the African countries of Sierra Leone and Liberia.[ Map: Colonial Africa ] The "back-to-Africa" migrations that resulted in the formation of these two countries came from highly organized efforts in the Nineteenth century on the part of Africans in the diaspora to return to Africa. Africans in the Americas and Europe continued to return to live in Africa in somewhat smaller numbers throughout the twentieth century. For example, there were a number of African American missionaries who moved to Africa. Moreover, when African countries became independent in the 1960s and 1970s a number of African Americans and Africans in Britain immigrated to these newly independent African countries. Ghana, which became independent in 1957, was one of the most popular destinations for Africans from the diaspora. For example

29. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents Sierra Leone africa. PEOPLE The indigenous population is made up of 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the mende in the South are the largest. http://www.traveldocs.com/sl/people.htm

Sierra Leone Africa PEOPLE The indigenous population is made up of 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the South are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain and North America and slave ships captured on the high seas. In addition, about 4,000 Lebanese, 500 Indians, and 2,000 Europeans reside in the country. In the past, Sierra Leoneans were noted for their educational achievements, trading activity, entrepreneurial skills, and arts and crafts work, particularly woodcarving. Many are part of larger ethnic networks extending into several countries, which link West African states in the area. However, the level of education and infrastructure has declined sharply over the last 30 years. Nationality: Noun and adjectiveSierra Leonean(s).

30. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Sierra Leone - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS Religions Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10 use limited to literate minority), mende (principal vernacular http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/sl/Sierra_Leone_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Sierra Leone (Facts) Sierra Leone - People (Facts) Population: 5,732,681 (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44.8% (male 1,259,421; female 1,310,516) 15-64 years: 52% (male 1,420,900; female 1,557,597) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 89,078; female 95,169) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 2.94% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 43.89 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 20.66 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: 6.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 146.86 deaths/1,000 live births female: 128.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 164.23 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: 42.84 years male: 40.33 years

31. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Liberia - People Facts And Figures Ethnic groups indigenous African tribes 95% (including Dei, Bella, Mandingo, and mende), AmericoLiberians 2.5 had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/li/Liberia_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Liberia (Facts) Liberia - People (Facts) Population: 3,317,176 (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 724,960; female 716,831) 15-64 years: 53% (male 858,191; female 898,851) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 59,539; female 58,804) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 1.67% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 45.28 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 17.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: -10.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: 200,000 Liberian refugees are in surrounding countries though slowly returning (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 132.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 125.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 139.03 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: 48.15 years male: 47.03 years

32. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings ....... mende people. Sierra Leone. Holo People. Democratic Republic of Congo/Zaire. Wood. Twentieth century. Top has received indigenous r. . . Full http://www.africadirect.com/specials2.html?category=Specials&pagenum=11&start=30

33. Map & Graph: Africa:Countries By People: Ethnic Groups Vai, Dei, Bella, Mandingo, and mende), AmericoLiberians had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants Mozambique, indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/peo_eth_gro/AFR

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #43 The top 8 most developed countries all speak Germanic languages. Every such country is in the top 20. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Stats People who viewed "People - Ethnic groups" also viewed: Ethnic groups (note) Net migration rate Nationality (adjective) Persons per room ... People : Ethnic groups by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century)

34. Background Notes Archive - Africa PEOPLE Eighteen ethnic groups make up the indigenous population of Sierra Leone. The Temne in the north and the mende in the South are the largest. http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/sierraleone9406.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

35. African History: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. In most cases the indigenous peoples had proved unreliable (most who visited the slave ports, the peoples who were Upper Gambia has the Temne, mende, and Kissi http://africanhistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa080601a.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History African History Home ... African Stencils zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Apartheid Slavery Biographies Era: Human Origins ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About African History newsletter. Search African History The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade A brief review of the triangular trade with particular reference to recent statistics. Related Resources Slavery and the Slave Trade Slavery Images The Role of Islam in African Slavery Reparations for Slavery? Book Reviews Transformations in Slavery For two hundred years, 1440-1640, Portugal had a monopoly on the export of slaves from Africa. It is notable that they were also the last European country to abolish the institution - although, like France, it still continued to work former slaves as contract labourers, which they called libertos or engagés à temps . It is estimated that during the 4 1/2 centuries of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Portugal was responsible for transporting over 4.5 million Africans (roughly 40% of the total). During the eighteenth century however, when the slave trade accounted for the transport of a staggering 6 million Africans, Britain was the worst transgressor - responsible for almost 2.5 million. (A fact often forgotten by those who regularly cite Britain's prime role in the abolition of the slave trade.) The triangular trade Expanding European empires in the New World lacked one major resource a work force. In most cases the indigenous peoples had proved unreliable (most of them were dying from diseases brought over from Europe), and Europeans were unsuited to the climate and suffered under tropical diseases. Africans, on the other hand, were excellent workers: they often had experience of agriculture and keeping cattle, they were used to a tropical climate, resistant to tropical diseases, and they could be "worked very hard" on plantations or in mines.

36. Africa.iafrica.com | Countryinfo | Sierra Leone | People SIERRA LEONE People. Religions Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10 official, regular use limited to literate minority), mende (principal vernacular http://africa.iafrica.com/countryinfo/sierraleone/people/

var fullhost = window.location.hostname; document.cookie = 'site_session=5;domain=' + fullhost + ';path=/;'; Communities: [ h o m e ] AFRICA NEWS Exchange Rates African Sites World Links Travel in Africa Thu, 10 Jun 2004 SIERRA LEONE general geography people ... travel [Select country] Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Cent.Afr.Rep Chad Comoros Cote D'Ivoire DRC Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rep. of Congo Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa St Helena Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda W. Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Egypt Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Namibia Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zimbabwe You are in: Country Info Sierra Leone People SIERRA LEONE People Population: 5 296 651 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (male 1 182 181; female 1 219 956) 15-64 years: 52% (male 1 307 475; female 1 423 046) 65 years and over: 3% (male 82 374; female 81 619) (1999 est.)

37. Sociology People as it is to r Written by mende Nazer , Damien Decolonizing Methodologies Research indigenous peoples Decolonizing Methodologies Research indigenous http://20th-century-history-books.com/Sociology_People.html

Home Search High Volume Orders Links ... Yitzhak Rabin Additional Subjects C. Peter Wagner Ella Shohat Don Lawson Editors Journalists Publishers Highway ... 1970s History Featured Books The Invisible People: How the U.S. Has Slept Through the Global AIDS Pandemic, the Greatest Humanitarian Catastrophe of Our Time Any writer attempting to tackle the AIDS pandemic faces a demanding task. Now spanning decades and covering the globe, it has claimed a staggering number of lives (more than 40 million people are currently infected with HIV and 8,500 die of AIDS each day). That's more than most of us can grasp. The plague's heroes and villains aren't celebrated or demonized like those in a conventional war. For AIDS, there is no FDR or Hitler; there are just the victims of an inconceivable holocaust. Greg Beh... Written by Greg Behrman Published by Free Press (June 2004) ISBN 0743257553 Price $25.00 Pimp: The Story of My Life This is the 'realest' book you will ever read. Of course its attitude toward women is ridiculous, of course its attitude that the only way African Americans could get power in the fifties/sixties (to pimp) strikes us as anachronistic. That aside, you just about feel you are PIMP as you hustle the streets, take care of your stable, delude yourself that you're living the dream life. The writing style is original, compelling, so involving you can smell the sweat, you are there in the dingy rooms... Written by

38. Africa white population, German 32%, indigenous languages Oshivambo limited to literate minority), mende (principal vernacular in first language of most people is one http://www.ethiotrans.com/africa.htm

Home About Africa Services Health Education Portfolio Get Quote ... ALRC County Flag Language Support Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Yes Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Yes Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Yes Botswana English (official), Setswana Yes Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population Yes Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Yes Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Yes Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili Yes Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Yes Congo, Democratic Republic of the

39. Africa Sierra Leone. Freetown. English, mende, Temne , Krio (English Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages. 54 countries, over 1000 languages, 797 million people. http://members.tripod.com/the_english_dept/africa.html

THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT English Speaking Countries in Africa North America Central America and the Caribbean South America ... Australia and Oceania Go to Home Site Map School Students Teachers Epals Brazil English Speaking Countries Personal Page This site belongs to Barbara Dieu EFL teacher and coordinator of the Foreign Language Department Lycée Pasteur, Curso Experimental Bilingue São Paulo, Brazil homebase for This is Our Time Project (French and Portuguese Speaking Countries) Last updated domingo 21 abril, 2002 19:12 [back to the top] Thanks to Mooney's Mini Flags Country Capital Language Botswana Gaborone English, Setswana Cameroon Yaonde English, French + 24 major African language groups The Gambia Banjul English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars Ghana Accra English, African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Kenya Nairobi English , Kiswahili , numerous indigenous languages

40. Sierra Leone Language English (official), Krio, mende, Temne, other indigenous languages. Most people speak their local language and also Krio (a mixture of primarily http://213.131.178.162/Nations/Africa/Sierra_Leone/default.asp

Home The Games Nations Sports ... Oceania You are in: Nations Africa Sierra Leone Basic facts The country Map Capital: Freetown Area: 71,740 sq km; 27,699 sq miles Population: 5,509,263 (2000 Estimate). Urbanisation: Urban 35 per cent (1998 Estimate); Rural 65 per cent (1998 Estimate) Economy Exports: Rutile, bauxite, diamonds, coffee, cocoa, fish Industry: Mining (diamonds, bauxite, rutile), small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear), petroleum refining Agriculture: Cash crops: coffee, cacao, rice, cassava, peanuts, bananas, vegetables Currency: 1 leone (Le), consisting of 100 cents Natural resources: Diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite The people Ethnic: Black Africans, including the Mende, Temne and Limba; Krio (Creoles); Lebanese Language: English (official), Krio, Mende, Temne, other indigenous languages. English is the official language and is used in government, but is spoken only by educated Sierra Leoneans. Most people speak their local language and also Krio (a mixture of primarily English, Yoruba and African languages), although in remote villages only the local language is spoken. Mende dominates in the south and Temne in the North. French is taught in secondary schools because of the country's many French-speaking neighbours. Religion: Indigenous beliefs 60 per cent, Muslim 30 per cent, Christian 8 per cent, Other 2 per cent. It is estimated that 60 per cent of the people are Sunni Muslim and 10 per cent are Christian. The estimates are vague because most Muslims and Christians also follow the traditional beliefs and practices of the rest of the population. Islam is the fastest growing religion. The Lebanese are Shi'ite Muslims.

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