21. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles indigenous Fellowship of 100 http//www.cbfonline.org/mission/peoples.cfm. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=100425&rog3=CG

22. PAN-AFRICANISM mbole.1@osu.edu. which advocates the political union of all the indigenous inhabitants of Africanism since most definitions stem from a people’s definition of http://www.coe.ohio-state.edu/beverlygordon/834/mbole.html

PAN-AFRICANISM HISTORICAL UNIT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR: MBULA MBOLE Mbole.1@osu.edu PAN-AFRICANISM The Unit: Overview and Rationale This is a unit plan that aims to assist teachers introduce a general course lesson pertaining to Pan-Africanism. The purpose of the unit is to provide students with a detailed and global understanding of the Pan-African movement. The unit will attempt to counter or break the mold of all preconceived ideas about Africa and the Diaspora . Particular emphasis will be paid to the common struggle faced by Africa, Africans and the African Diaspora. "The unit will make students aware that the study of the unit has to be done with a purpose, thus giving them the opportunity to provide interaction between the student/content, between student/student, while they bring their personal experience to the content of whatever subject is being represented, and personalized the meaning of the content in the lesson" (Ali, 1994) Historical Overview Definition of Pan-Africanism A good illustration of this conflicting interpretations was evident in the third annual conference of the American Society of African Culture held in 1960 at the University of Pennsylvania (Esedebe, 1982). Rayford Logan, an African-American historian, saw the phenomenon in terms of self-governnment by African countries in the Sahara. A Nigeria journalist and politician expressed a different viewpoint from Logan, by "insisting that it included the economic, social and cultural development of the continent, the avoidance of conflict among African states, the promotion of African unity and influence in world affairs" (Esebede, 1982, p.2). I do support the contention expressed by a well-known British journalist , Colin Legum who viewed Pan-Africanism "as essentially a movement of ideas and emotions; at times it achieves a synthesis, at times it remains at the level of antithesis (Legum, 1962, p. 14).

23. APFT Pilot Report - English - III - FOREST POPULATIONS gathering, because a common practice is to exploit nonindigenous and semi have long since established a huge network in which people and goods mbole, Zaïre. http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Sonja/RF/Ukpr/Report133.htm

III - FOREST POPULATIONS A) TYPES OF EXPLOITATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT B) THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST SOCIETIES 1) Traditional populations and the forest 2) From symbiotic to specialized economies ... 2) The main ethnic groups A) TYPES OF EXPLOITATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Throughout the forest, from the Atlantic to the East African Lakes, from the 4th Parallel North and 4th Parallel South, different strategies for exploiting the forest co-exist. Traditional swidden agriculturists living in dense rainforest areas make up about 80 % of forest populations. Shifting agriculture provides the basis of their food system, supplemented by hunting, gathering and fishing. All these populations are dependent on wild forest products, whether they themselves engage in hunting, gathering and fishing or whether they obtain them from groups specializing in these activities, hunter-gatherer Pygmies or fishing populations along the rivers. In the Congo Basin, vast swampy areas of flooded forest have emerged around the big rivers ; these particular ecological niches have lead to the development of specific economic systems which include fishing populations living on the islands on the rivers and fishing-agriculturist populations exploiting the silted land. These areas have long since been characterized by a symbiotic network of regional exchanges and the high degree of specialization in fishing and commercial exchanges.

24. Sanaa Gallery - Tribal Information category that groups together the indigenous darkskinned of the Eshira, Lumbo, Vili, Galoa and Vunga people. distinct groups, such as the mbole and Ndengese http://www.sanaagallery.com/tribalinfo.html

Welcome Antiques Masks Personal Items ... About Us TRIBAL INFORMATION Baule Dan-Guerre Gilbert Islands Guro ... Zande Mangbetu BAULE The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Ivory Coast. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions. During the Asante rise to power the Baule queen, Aura Poku, was in direct competition with the current Asante king. When the Asante prevailed, the queen led her people away to the land they now occupy. The male descendant of Aura Poku still lives in the palace she established and is honored by the Baule as their nominal king. The Baule are noted for their fine wooden sculpture, particularly for their ritual statuettes representing ghosts or spirits; these, as well as carved ceremonial masks are associated with the ancestor cult. Baule art is sophisticated and stylistically diverse. Baule have types of sculpture that none of the other Akan peoples possess: masks (which, like their low-relief doors, seem to indicate Senufo influence) and human figures, apparently sometimes used as ancestor figures. The figures and human masks, the latter reported to be portraits used in commemorating the dead, are elegantwell polished, with elaborate hairdressings and scarification. More roughly finished are the gbekre figures, representing minor divinities in human form with animal heads. Masks are made also to represent the spirits of the bush: antelope, bush cow, elephant, monkey, and leopard. Boxes for the mouse oracle (in which sticks are disturbed by a live mouse, to give the augury) are unique to the Baule.

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